Photocuring 3D printer and 3D printing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a photocuring 3D printer and a 3D printing method.
Background
The 3D printing is a forming process, and a three-dimensional model is manufactured in a layered stacking mode. A common photocuring 3D printing technology on the market is called DLP, and a ray apparatus irradiates bottom layer resin for a period of time each time, closes the ray apparatus after the resin is cured, and a printing platform is lifted and then descends to a position slightly higher than the original position, and the ray apparatus is opened to irradiate for next layer curing. The reason why the platform needs to move up and down is to fill the liquid viscous material to the solidification surface, and this action is time-consuming, resulting in slower printing speed of the conventional DLP.
Although reciprocating motion is avoided, the platform of the existing high-speed DLP printer is in a slow and uniform-speed rising state from the beginning, and part printing can be completed as long as the rising process and the printing surface playing are synchronous. However, this method is not suitable for printing a model in which a continuous large-area slice exists, and printing failures often occur. The reason for printing failure is that the central material of the large-area slice is difficult to flow into and solidify, and when the printing platform is lifted, the lower transparent film is pulled by the drawing force to deform, so that the solidified surface is lifted. When the deformation degree of the light-transmitting film is too large, the film can rebound instantly, the plane of the light-transmitting film is suddenly separated from the cured surface, and a newly cured material on the film cannot be glued with a printing body, so that printing faults are caused to cause printing failure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the photocuring 3D printer and the 3D printing method can avoid the reciprocating motion of a printing platform, control the deformation degree of a light-transmitting film and improve the printing success rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: photocuring 3D printer is including the container that is equipped with photosensitive resin, the container bottom is the printing opacity film, the container bottom is provided with the ray apparatus, and the container top is provided with print platform, print platform has elevating system through platform leg joint, and elevating system electric connection has the printing control module who is used for controlling the elevating speed, platform leg joint is provided with the pressure sensor who is used for detecting print platform pressure, and elevating system is connected with the displacement detection piece that is used for detecting elevating system removal displacement, pressure sensor and displacement detection piece all with printing control module electric connection.
According to the invention, the total stress of the printing platform in the printing process is detected by the pressure sensor, the drawing force which is the deformation of the light-transmitting film after the self gravity of the printing platform is removed, and the printing control module adjusts the lifting speed of the lifting mechanism in real time according to the magnitude of the drawing force, so that the lifting platform is ensured to rise all the time to avoid reciprocating motion, and the light-transmitting film cannot rebound due to too large deformation degree, and the success rate of printing is improved.
The lifting mechanism comprises a linear rail and a lead screw parallel to the rail of the linear rail, the platform support moves along the linear rail and is in threaded connection with the lead screw, and the lead screw is connected with a driving motor which is electrically connected with the printing control module.
The displacement detection piece is a coded disc, the coded disc is connected with a rotating shaft of the driving motor, and the coded disc is electrically connected with the printing control module.
A 3D printing method, comprising the steps of:
force measurement: setting an expected stress S of the transparent film, calculating an actual die drawing force F of the transparent film in real time, and entering a speed adjusting step;
a speed adjusting step: if F is less than or equal to S, the printing platform keeps the current speed to continue lifting, if F is more than S, the lifting speed of the current printing platform is reduced, and the step of cross section rendering is carried out;
a cross section rendering step: calculating the current height H of the printing platform, slicing according to the current height H, carrying out image processing operation on the slices, and entering a printing completion step;
a printing completion step: and setting the height L of the printing platform after the complete model is printed, judging the size relationship between H and L, finishing printing if H is larger than L, and otherwise, entering a force measuring step.
The force measuring step comprises the following substeps:
1-1): calculating the gravity G of the printing platform;
1-2): the pressure sensor reads the current pressure N, and the actual die drawing force F of the light-transmitting film is the difference between the current pressure N and the gravity G of the printing platform. In the printing process, when the printing platform is lifted and pulled out, the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is the sum of the detected gravity G of the printing platform and the pulling force which is reacted with the pulling force and is applied to the printing platform during the pulling out, so that the pulling force F of the transparent film is N-G;
reducing the lifting speed of the current printing platform comprises the following substeps:
2-1): setting an expected lifting speed A of the printing platform, and calculating an actual lifting speed V of the printing platform;
2-2) the printing control module calculates and adjusts the value range of the lifting speed V of the printing platform to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to A.
And the printing control module calculates and adjusts the lifting speed V of the printing platform by adopting a PID algorithm.
The calculation formula of the actual lifting speed V of the printing platform is as follows:
V=D+P*ΔF+I*∫ΔF+D*dΔF;
wherein Δ + ═ S-F; d is the actual lifting speed of the last time, and in the initial state, D is 0; p is the deviation ratio, I is the integral, D is the derivative, the value of P, I, D is set computationally based on a PID algorithm. The PID algorithm is a closed-loop control method, which can effectively correct the deviation of the controlled object, so that the controlled object reaches a stable state. In the printing process, the different areas of the printing sections lead to different mold drawing forces applied to the transparent film during mold drawing, and if the mold drawing force of the transparent film is required to be kept to fluctuate within a set range, the lifting speed of the printing platform needs to be adjusted to adapt to the different mold drawing forces. The lifting speed of the printing platform depends on the rotation speed of the lead screw 602, the lead screw 602 is driven by the driving motor 603 to rotate, so that the printing control module calculates and adjusts the pulse frequency input to the driving motor through a PID algorithm to further adjust the rotation speed of the driving motor, and the stress of the light-transmitting film is kept relatively constant.
The current height H of the printing platform is equal to the geometric displacement of the rotating shaft of the driving motor measured by the code disc.
The image processing operation is an image erosion process comprising the sub-steps of:
if V is equal to A, the image corrosion treatment is not carried out;
if V is 0, carrying out image corrosion processing with corrosion pixels of K x K, wherein K is a natural number;
and if V is not less than 0 and not more than A, carrying out image corrosion treatment with the corrosion pixel B, wherein B is int (K (A-V)/A).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a photocuring 3D printer and a 3D printing method, which are characterized in that the magnitude of a drawing force is monitored and calculated in real time through a pressure sensor, the rotating speed of a motor is adjusted according to the change of the drawing force, the lifting speed of a printing platform is timely adjusted, the drawing force is guaranteed to be maintained in a relatively constant range, the deformation degree of a light-transmitting film is indirectly controlled, the light-transmitting film is prevented from rebounding due to overlarge stress, the reciprocating motion of the printing platform can be avoided, the printing efficiency is improved, the printing time is saved, and the printing success rate can be improved. And in the printing process, corresponding image corrosion treatment is carried out on each layer of slices according to the speed of the printing platform, so that the size change caused by different exposure diffusion due to speed change is avoided, and the printing effect is also ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a container; 2. a light-transmitting film; 3. an optical machine; 4. a printing platform; 5. a platform support; 6. a lifting mechanism; 601. a wire track; 602. a lead screw; 603. a drive motor; 7. a pressure sensor; 8. and (4) encoding the disc.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the photocuring 3D printer includes container 1 that is equipped with photosensitive resin, container 1 bottom is printing opacity film 2, container 1 bottom is provided with ray apparatus 3, container 1 top is provided with print platform 4, print platform 4 is connected with elevating system 6 through platform support 5, 6 electric connection of elevating system has the printing control module who is used for controlling elevating speed, platform support 5 is provided with pressure sensor 7 that is used for detecting print platform 4 pressure, elevating system 6 is connected with the displacement detection spare that is used for detecting elevating system removal displacement, the displacement detection spare is code wheel 8, pressure sensor 7 and displacement detection spare all with printing control module electric connection.
The lifting mechanism comprises a linear rail 601 and a lead screw 602 parallel to the track of the linear rail 601, the platform support 5 moves along the linear rail 601 and is in threaded connection with the lead screw 602, the lead screw 602 is connected with a driving motor 603, and the driving motor 603 is electrically connected with the printing control module. The code wheel 8 is connected to the rotation axis of driving motor 603, and 8 electric connections of code wheel print control module.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, based on the 3D printer in embodiment 1, the 3D printing method includes the steps of:
force measurement: setting an expected stress S of the transparent film, wherein the expected stress S is the maximum drawing force which can be borne by the transparent film 2 and cannot fall off and rebound from a curing surface, calculating the actual drawing force F of the transparent film in real time, and entering a speed adjusting step; the force measuring step comprises the following substeps:
1-1: calculating the gravity G of the printing platform 4;
1-2: the pressure sensor 7 reads the current pressure N, and the actual die-drawing force F of the transparent film 2 is the difference between the current pressure N and the gravity G of the printing platform 4. In the printing process, when the printing platform 4 rises and is subjected to die drawing, the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 7 is the pulling force which is mutually reacted with the die drawing force and is borne by the printing platform 4 when the self gravity G of the printing platform 4 is detected and the die drawing is carried out, so that the die drawing force F of the light-transmitting film 2 is equal to N-G.
A speed adjusting step: if the F is less than or equal to S, the printing platform maintains the current speed to continuously lift;
if F is larger than S, reducing the lifting speed of the current printing platform, wherein the reducing of the lifting speed of the current printing platform comprises the following substeps:
2-1): setting an expected lifting speed A of the printing platform, wherein the expected lifting speed A is the maximum lifting speed of the printing platform 4 when the light-transmitting film 2 is ensured not to fall off from the curing surface, and calculating the actual lifting speed V of the printing platform; and the printing control module calculates and adjusts the lifting speed V of the printing platform by adopting a PID algorithm. The calculation formula of the actual lifting speed V of the printing platform is as follows:
V=D+P*ΔF+I*∫ΔF+D*dΔF;
wherein Δ F ═ S-F; d is the actual lifting speed of the last time, and in the initial state, D is 0; p is the deviation ratio, I is the integral, D is the derivative, the value of P, I, D is set computationally based on a PID algorithm. The PID algorithm is a closed-loop control method, can effectively correct the deviation of a controlled object so as to enable the controlled object to reach a stable state, belongs to the prior art for the PID control principle and PID parameter adjustment, and is not improved in the application, so that the details are not repeated.
In the printing process, the different areas of the printing cross sections lead to different mold drawing forces applied to the transparent film 2 during mold drawing, and if the mold drawing force of the transparent film 2 is to be kept fluctuating within a set range, the lifting speed of the printing platform 4 needs to be adjusted to adapt to the different mold drawing forces. The pressure sensor 7 detects and calculates the drawing force F of the light-transmitting film in real time, so that the lifting speed V of the printing platform 4 is calculated and adjusted. The lifting speed of the printing platform 4 depends on the rotation speed of the lead screw 602, and the lead screw 602 is driven by the driving motor 603 to rotate, so that the printing control module calculates and adjusts the pulse frequency input to the driving motor 603 through a PID algorithm to further adjust the rotation speed of the driving motor 603, so that the stress of the transparent film 2 is kept in a relatively constant range.
2-2) the printing control module calculates and adjusts the value range of the lifting speed V of the printing platform to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to A.
And entering a section rendering step.
A cross section rendering step: and calculating the current height H of the printing platform, slicing according to the current height H, and performing image processing operation on the slices, wherein the current height H of the printing platform 4 is equal to the geometric displacement of the rotating shaft of the driving motor 603 measured by the code wheel 8. The current height of the printing platform 4 is measured through the coded disc 8, so that the model to be printed is sliced, and the synchronization of the platform and the projection of the optical machine can be strictly kept under the condition of the speed change of the printing platform 4. The image processing operation is image corrosion processing, because the photosensitive resin has certain light transmittance, if the lifting speed of the printing platform 4 is too slow, partial light can be diffused, so that the curing area is slightly larger than an actually printed model, and the problem is avoided by performing corrosion operation on the current projected image, and the method comprises the following substeps:
if V is equal to A, the image corrosion treatment is not carried out;
if V is 0, carrying out image corrosion processing with corrosion pixels of K x K, wherein K is a natural number;
and if V is not less than 0 and not more than A, carrying out image corrosion treatment with the corrosion pixel B-int (K-A-V/A).
The printing completion step is entered.
A printing completion step: and setting the height L of the printing platform after the complete model is printed, judging the size relationship between H and L, finishing printing if H is larger than L, and otherwise, entering a force measuring step.