CN111296274A - Rice variety breeding method of ratoon rice - Google Patents
Rice variety breeding method of ratoon rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a regenerated rice variety, which relates to the field of rice cultivation and comprises the following steps: selecting rice material to make hybridization to obtain hybrid progeny seed F1Generation; planting F1When the first season is mature, cutting off the first node at the upper part of the stem to allow the internode dormant bud on the rest stem to germinate and regenerate, and selecting F by observation and comparison1F is selected from the regenerated seeds of the single plant with more regenerated plants at the generation base2Generation; f is to be2～F5After low-temperature screening is carried out in the seedling stage of generation, breaking off a single plant for planting at high and low fertility levels, and after stubble cutting and regeneration, taking the seeds which meet the screening standard and are obtained each time as a next generation seed selection material; to F6The generation starts to be directly planted in high and low fertility fields in different lines, and the crops are cut and regenerated until a new base regenerated rice line with target characters is obtained. The regenerated rice variety bred by the method has higher yield than the regenerated rice variety currently produced and appliedThe method has the advantages of potential yield increase, labor saving, cost saving, simple operation, wide universality and remarkable social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, in particular to a breeding method for germinating a dormant bud from a basal part into a rice ratoon rice variety.
Background
China is the first major world and is also one of the major agricultural countries in the world. Rice is the most important grain crop in China. With the acceleration of the social development process in China, the production mode of rice has entered the stages of simplicity, cost saving, high quality and high yield. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate a suitable regenerated rice variety, most of the current regenerated rice varieties are cultivated by using a one-season rice variety, the regenerated rice is formed by germinating dormant buds which are harvested from the beginning and left on the stem nodes, and the dormant buds are branched and spilt from the high position to the low position in sequence, as shown in fig. 1A and 1B. As can be seen from FIG. 1, different node dormant buds can regenerate and form rice in turn, but the commodity consistency of the regenerated rice is influenced because the maturation periods of the regenerated and formed rice are inconsistent; in addition, the problems of small ear shape, insufficient yield potential, large yield reduction amplitude of mechanical harvesting of first season rice and the like exist in the ratoon rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding a regenerated rice variety, which aims to solve the problems that the regenerated rice is easily influenced by high node positions, has small spike shape and insufficient yield potential, and the mechanical harvesting yield reduction range of first season rice is large in the prior art. The bred regenerated rice variety has the characteristics that the dormant buds at the base parts can germinate about 5 complete leaves, the growth is uniform, the variety has low temperature resistance, low oxygen resistance and the like in the early seedling stage, and the single-sowing seedling can be ensured under the condition of about 12 ℃; the basic vegetative growth period of the variety is stable and insensitive to illumination; the plant type in the early stage is looser, and the plant type in the later stage is stiff and smooth; the direct seeding has strong lodging resistance, and as shown in fig. 2A and fig. 2B, the direct seeding has great influence on rice cultivation of food crops in China and great contribution to the society.
In order to achieve the technical object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for breeding a variety of regenerated rice, the regenerated rice being regenerated rice germinated from a basal dormant bud, comprising:
selecting rice material with base regeneration character and rice material with other target character to make hybridization so as to obtain hybrid progeny seed F with base regeneration character and other target character1Generation;
simultaneous planting of F1Generations and their parents, first season maturity, from F1Cutting off the first section at the upper part of the stem of the generation and the parent thereof to ensure that the dormant bud at the lower part of the stem is germinated and regenerated, and comparing F by observation1The individual plant character performance of the plants in the mature state and the first season mature state of the generation and the parent regeneration plants is selected F1F is selected from the regenerated seeds of the single plant with more regenerated plants at the generation base2Generation;
to F2Screening and cultivating at low temperature in seedling stage of generation, breaking off single plant, planting in field with high and low fertility, and planting in F after first season is mature2Cutting off the first node at the upper part of the stem of the plant, germinating and regenerating the dormant bud at the lower part of the stem, and comparing the mature state of the regenerated plant with the mature state of the first season by observationPerforming individual plant character of the plant in the state, and finally taking the seeds which are obtained each time and meet the screening standard as the next generation seed selection material from F2～F5Repeating the steps;
from F6The generation starts to be planted in a field with high and low fertility by directly sowing in different lines, the stubble regeneration is also cut, and the biological properties, the rice quality and the rice taste of the two-season rice are respectively inspected by taking the lines as units until a new base regenerated rice line with the target properties is obtained.
Wherein, the pair F2～F5After low-temperature screening cultivation is carried out in the seedling stage of the generation, and when the first season rice is mature, the single plants after low-temperature screening cultivation are broken off and planted on the fields with high and low fertility levels respectively.
Wherein comparing the individual trait performance of the plants in the mature state of the regenerated plant and the first season mature state by observation further comprises observing the individual trait performance of the plants in the mature state of the regenerated plant and the first season mature state on a field of higher low fertility level.
Wherein the rice material with the base regeneration character is a low-generation rice material, in particular to a rice variety with a base regeneration gene or a hybrid low-generation rice material with a base regeneration gene.
The rice material with the target character can be rice material with character genes which can meet the production and quality requirements, such as strong basal regeneration capacity, large number of grains per ear, proper growing period, strong lodging resistance, one or more of rice quality and the like.
Wherein said low temperature screening incubation comprises subjecting F2～F5The seeds are subjected to open-air sparse sowing at the daily average air temperature of 8-10 ℃, and the cold-intolerant variant materials are eliminated at low temperature.
Wherein the slave F6The generation starts to be directly planted in a field with high and low fertility in different strains, and the strain materials which are not resistant to lodging are eliminated.
Wherein the high and low fertility levels comprise at least two plots of high and low fertility.
Specifically, the high fertility level is 150% of the common fertilizing amount, and the low fertility level is 50% of the common fertilizing amount.
Wherein the planting of the high and low fertility levels comprises:
cultivating the seedlings screened at low temperature;
when 60% of single seedlings tillering to more than 4, breaking the tillering single plants, planting the tillering single plants in the field blocks with high and low fertility levels respectively, and eliminating the rest materials uniformly;
when the first season rice of the plant division plants is mature, cutting the part above the first node on the upper part of each plant stem to ensure that the internode dormant bud on the lower part of the plant stem enters germination and regeneration, and obtaining the seeds after the plant division after the regeneration season is mature.
In particular, the screening criteria include:
directly seeding in high and low fertility plots, wherein the regeneration capacity of the base part of the plant shows strong plants;
plants with high yield;
rice quality and good taste;
plants with strong dormancy stage of fresh grains in the head season;
directly seeding plants with strong lodging resistance;
other plants with outstanding target characters.
The screening standard is obtained by analyzing the data of the character performance of each cold-resistant single plant under the conditions of high and low fertility, the dormancy bud germination of each node of a regenerated plant, the heading time and the dormancy and germination rate of the fresh grains in the first season of each generation of material collected in the cultivation process when the first season rice is mature.
In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the plants with strong regeneration capacity at the base of both high and low fertility plots comprise: and (3) inspecting the germination quantity of the basal dormant buds of the same plant in the high and low fertilizer areas, wherein the basal dormant bud germinars are the only harvesting target, and the effective ears of the basal regenerated plant are preferably 3-4 and the ear grain number is not less than 80% of that of the first season.
Wherein the plant with high yield is the plant with two-season yield, and the plant with high yield has priority to the plant with high yield in the regeneration season under the condition of equivalent yield.
Wherein, the plant with good rice quality is characterized in that the rice grains have high appearance transparency, and the rice grains with the chalkiness rate of less than 10 percent and the rice grains with the chalkiness rate of less than 5 percent have priority under the same condition.
Wherein, the plants with strong dormancy stage of the fresh head grain have the priority of the fresh head grain with high germination rate and the germination rate of less than 20 percent.
Wherein, the plants with the other outstanding target traits are the target traits selected by the technicians in the field according to the actual needs, and the screening method is according to the conventional method in the technical field.
In particular, the number of the individual plants harvested in the field of each generation of the seed selection material is more than 60.
Preferably, the number of the individuals finally reserved by each generation of the seed selection material is 40-50.
Wherein the screening standard is obtained by analyzing the data of character performance of each cold-resistant single plant, each node dormant bud germination of a regenerated plant, ear picking time and measuring dormancy and germination rate of fresh grains of each generation of seeds under the condition of high and low fertility when each generation and parent thereof are mature in the first season rice collected in the cultivation process.
It should be noted that the method for data analysis according to the present invention may employ conventional analysis methods, such as SPSS analysis, SAS analysis, EXCEL analysis; for the analysis results, plant seeds which better meet the target characters and have better data are selected; for example, the single-plant seed has the advantages of germination of the basal dormant bud, small variation of the number of grains per ear, germination resistance, good rice quality appearance and the like.
Has the advantages that:
1. the method can obtain the rice variety which germinates at the dormancy bud at the base of the straw by breeding the regenerated rice variety, solves the problem that the regenerated rice variety is easy to form the regenerated rice with inconsistent mature periods at different nodes at present, and overcomes the problems of poor commodity consistency, small panicle type, insufficient yield potential, large mechanical harvest yield reduction range of first season rice and the like of the regenerated rice.
2. The method for breeding the regenerated rice can not only obtain the regenerated plants formed by the dormant buds at the base parts of the straws through one-time germination, but also tillering again, and can grow about 5 complete leaves with regular and consistent main stems, and the first seedling stage of the variety has the characteristics of low temperature resistance, low oxygen and the like, and can ensure the seedling formation through one-time sowing at about 12 ℃ under the flooding condition; the basic nutrition period of the variety is stable, and the variety is insensitive to illumination; the early plant type is loose, and the later plant type is stiff and smooth; the direct seeding has strong lodging resistance, and as shown in fig. 2A and fig. 2B, the direct seeding has great influence on rice cultivation of food crops in China and great contribution to the society.
3. The breeding method provided by the invention is simple, labor-saving and cost-saving in cultivation, simple in operation, easy to master and wide in universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the growth of rice in which the conventional normal ratooning rice described in the background art germinated from upper to lower dormant buds into ratooning plants, resulting in inconsistent maturity; wherein, FIG. 1A is a photograph of a single plant, and FIG. 1B is a photograph of a field;
FIG. 2 shows a novel rice variety that was bred by the method of the present invention and germinated from a basal dormant shoot into a regenerated plant; wherein, FIG. 2A is a photograph of a single plant, and FIG. 2B is a photograph of a field;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between different rice varieties and the germination of dormant buds at different node positions of stalks under a high fertility level;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between different rice varieties and the germination of dormant buds at different node positions of stalks under a low fertility level.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. These examples are only illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures, for which specific experimental conditions are not indicated in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
It is to be noted that the present invention has been obtained through a year's effort on rice, and the following examples are only a small part of the inventors' extensive field trials and are intended to illustrate the present invention. The material apparatus used for the test content included:
testing rice seeds: the quality of the rice seeds with the germination advantages of the basal dormant buds and the rice seeds with other target characters accords with the GB 4404.1-2008 standard.
The test instrument: an IRX-258D intelligent artificial climate incubator, a germination accelerating seed bag, a seed label, a rice hybridization tool, field recording stationery, farm tools and the like. The method comprises the following specific steps:
example 1
1. Obtaining seeds of F1 generation:
cutting glume, pollinating, hybridizing and bagging selected parents in heading period, and respectively harvesting hybrid seeds F after seeds are mature1And each parental seed.
The selected parents are two generation materials with base regeneration characters or rice materials with other target character genes, for example, the parents are rice varieties with base regeneration genes or rice generation materials with base regeneration genes, and the parents are rice materials with the characters of strong cold resistance, strong tillering capacity, large spike grain number, spike germination resistance, good rice quality appearance and the like.
In order to obtain a rice variety with more excellent traits, it is necessary to select a rice variety having complementary target traits as a parent according to the need, for example, a rice variety having strong cold resistance, strong tillering ability, a large number of grains per ear, resistance to sprouting, good rice quality appearance, and the like.
2、F1Generation planting
In planting F1Planting the F at the same time1Recording head season character data of each plant, cutting off the upper part from the first node of the upper part of the stem when the head season is mature to regenerate the lower part of the plant, combining the character performance of the single plant in the head season when the regeneration season is mature, and selecting and harvesting single plant regeneration seeds with more regeneration plants at the base part and larger biomass as F2And (5) seed generation.
3、F2～F5And (3) generation planting and screening:
in 3 middle ten days of the month when the average daily temperature is between 8 and 10 ℃, the temperature of F is adjusted2The generation seeds are sparsely sowed into the open-air seedling field according to the plant line, when the number of seedlings is more than 4Breaking off each individual plant, hanging brand marks, transplanting the plants to two high-fertility and low-fertility plots for planting respectively, performing normal management, and recording the character performance of each plant in the high-fertility and low-fertility areas in the first season; when the first season is mature, cutting off the first section of the upper part of the plant, applying shallow water for topdressing until the dormant bud is germinated; when the ratooning rice is mature, selecting ratooning plants which have strong regeneration capacity at the base parts of two fertile plots, strong dormancy of fresh grains in the head season and prominent other comprehensive characters, harvesting seeds of a single plant, and reserving 40-50 single plants for next generation planting through indoor brown rice appearance identification. The process is from F2Generation begins, so go to F5And (4) generation.
The invention seeds the seeds in the middle 3 months where the late spring cold frequently occurs to the open-air seedling field, and aims to eliminate the cold-intolerant variant materials at low temperature so as to obtain the rice seeds with the cold-resistant property.
The invention aims to identify the difference of dormant bud germination parts caused by fertility difference and the difference expressed by other target characters by planting the rice materials of the separated plants in the plots with high and low fertility.
The high-fertility land parcel is a field with high fertility level, and the fertilizing amount of the land parcel is 150% of the general fertilizing amount; the land with low fertility refers to a field with low fertility level, and is 50% of the common fertilizing amount. Because the soil fertility of each area is different and the fertilizing amount is also different, the specific fertilizing amount is not particularly limited, the land with high fertility is obtained as long as the fertilizing amount reaches 150% of the local general fertilizing amount, and the land with low fertility is obtained as long as the fertilizing amount is only 50% of the local general fertilizing amount.
4. And (3) direct seeding planting of high generation:
generation of rice planting to F6Instead, F is5Directly sowing the seeds of each plant harvested in generation to high and low fertility fields according to the plant line, cutting the upper regeneration from the first section of the upper part of the stem when the first season is mature, and obtaining F when the regenerated rice is mature7Generation strain seeds.
According to the invention, the high and low fertilizers are used for distinguishing the strains for direct seeding planting, so that the lodging resistance of each strain is strong and weak, and the taste difference of rice is identified.
Application examples
The following is a specific process of the present invention for breeding a regenerated rice variety using the above example 1, namely, an application example. The following application examples were selected from the tests performed by the inventors between 2008 and 2018. The basal ratoon rice 17A318 is obtained by adopting a rice variety 'chemically sensitive rice 6173' as a male parent and a rice variety 'chemically sensitive 2205' as a female parent through hybridization breeding. The rice characters of the male parent are characterized by strong base regeneration capacity, luxuriant reproduction and spike germination resistance, and the rice characters of the female parent are characterized by small spike grain number variation, strong cold resistance and good rice quality appearance; the local general fertilizing amount is as follows: 8-12 kg/mu of urea, 25-30 kg/mu of 14% calcium superphosphate and 8-10 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied to the base fertilizer. Topdressing is carried out twice, tillering fertilizer is applied 10-15 days after seedling transplantation, 8-10 kilograms of urea are applied per mu, spike fertilizer is applied 35-40 days after seedling transplantation, and 10-12 kilograms of urea are applied per mu; the specific planting and screening process is as follows:
application example 1
1. Planting selected male and female parent species, cutting glume, pollinating, hybridizing and bagging in heading period, and harvesting hybrid seeds F after seeds are mature1And various parent seeds, and the processes and the operation periods adopt the conventional field operation method.
2. And accelerating germination, sowing and marking the harvested hybrid F1 generation seeds and the parent and mother seeds in the normal season. After the seedlings are in proper age, the seedlings are transplanted into a field to be mature in the first season, and biological character data of the first season for planting the seedlings are recorded plant by plant, wherein the biological character data comprise heading stage, maturation stage, effective heading, grain number of the heading, rice quality appearance and the like. And when the first season is mature, cutting off the upper part of the first section of the upper part of the stem to regenerate the dormant bud on the plant stem, and recording the character data of the regeneration season of the planted rice plant by plant when the regeneration season is mature. Combining the performance of the single plant in the first season, and harvesting the regenerated plant seeds with amphiphilicity and strong regeneration capability of the dormant buds as F2And (4) planting the seeds in the next year.
3. In the middle 3 months when the late spring cold frequently occurs, the average temperature in the dayAt 8-10 deg.C, collecting F2The generation seeds are sparsely sowed into an open-air seedling field according to plant lines, when about 60 percent of seedlings grown from the seeds have 4-6 tillers, each tillering single plant is broken off, and the individual plants are respectively marked and transplanted into high and low test field blocks with different fertility for planting, and the rest plants with tillering less than 4 are eliminated; respectively recording heading stage, maturation stage, effective spike, spike grain number, rice quality appearance and the like of each plant during the growth period of rice, cutting stubbles from the first node at the upper part of the plant when the first season is mature, keeping 2 single spikes with labels for dormancy strength test (namely seed dormancy test), applying shallow water for topdressing after the first season is cut, observing and recording the germination condition of dormant buds on each node of each single plant stem every 7 days until the dormant buds are germinated; respectively recording heading stage, mature stage, effective heading, heading grain number, rice quality appearance and the like of each regeneration plant from growth to maturity of the regeneration rice, and then carrying out comprehensive seed selection on generation plants in a seed selection garden;
wherein, the specific selection standard of the comprehensive seed selection is as follows: the first is to investigate the germination quantity of the base dormant buds of the same plant in high and low fertilizer areas, wherein the base dormant bud germinars are the only harvest targets, and the first is to take the priority of the base regenerated plant with the effective spike of 3-4 and the spike grain number not less than 80% of the first season; second, the yield in two seasons, and the yield in regeneration season is higher in priority under the condition of equivalent yield; thirdly, the chalk is rice-textured, the appearance transparency is high, and under the same condition, the chalkiness rate is less than 10 percent, and the chalkiness degree is less than 5 percent, preferably; fourthly, the germination rate of the first season fresh ears is high and low, and the germination rate is lower than 20 percent, and the first season fresh ears have priority.
After the ratoon rice is mature, seeds are harvested according to the standard, and at most 40-50 single plants are preferentially reserved in each generation to be planted in the next generation. The process is from F2Start, go back and forth to F5And finishing the generation planting.
And the dormant bud germination data is the germination quantity of the dormant buds on each node of each single plant stem observed and recorded every 7 days after the first crop is cut until the dormant buds are germinated.
Wherein, the seed dormancy data is that the ripe single ear fresh grain collected from the first season is directly soaked by 25 ℃ running water, the germination quantity of the seeds is investigated on the 15 th day, and the germination rate is classified and recorded according to the percentage of less than 5 percent, 5-20 percent, 20-50 percent and more than 50 percent.
4. Generation of rice planting to F6Generation, at F6In the growth period of each generation of line, taking the line as a unit, respectively recording character records of heading period, mature period, lodging condition, effective ear number, ear grain number and the like, marking and harvesting 5 single plants in each line when the first season is mature, cutting stubbles from the first section at the upper part for regeneration, and simultaneously carrying out yield measurement and preservation on the first season rice of the line; during the growth period of the regeneration season, recording the properties of the germination amount of the dormant buds of the basal part, the heading period, the maturation period, the lodging condition, the effective heading, the grain number of the ears, the occurrence condition of diseases and pests and the like by taking a strain as a unit, and measuring the yield of the regeneration season of the strain after 5 single strains marked in the first season are harvested by each strain when the regeneration rice is mature; then, rice quality test and rice taste tasting are carried out on each line of rice stored in the first season and the regeneration season of each line, other properties are comprehensively considered, and finally, an excellent stable line declaration area test is selected.
In the application example, by adopting the method of example 1 to perform breeding of the regenerated rice variety, the regenerated rice variety with superior germination of the dormant buds at the base of the stem than of other parts of the stem, regular growth of the regenerated rice and consistent maturity is obtained, as shown in fig. 2. Wherein, the bred 17A318 variety of the regenerated rice plant provided in figure 2A is a photo (low fertilizer area) in the grain filling period, and as is obvious from the photo, the regenerated rice is formed after the dormant bud at the base of the straw is germinated once and grows tidily; FIG. 2B is a photograph of a regenerated rice plant 17A318 at maturity in the field, from which it is apparent that the regenerated rice grows neatly, the maturity is consistent, and the plant type is stiff and smooth; and the direct seeding lodging resistance is strong, which is in sharp contrast with the picture 1.
Test example 1 conditions of high and low fertility levels, dormant bud germination test for different rice varieties
1. Test treatment
The method comprises the steps of selecting new rice varieties 17A318 and 18DZ273 with regenerated bases and unmodified common rice-Jiaxing No. 8, carrying out seedling raising under the same condition, when 4-6 tillers exist in seedlings, carrying out plant division and brand hanging on all tillering single plants, transplanting the tillering single plants into the same high-fertility field and low-fertility field for planting, cutting stubbles from the first upper node for regeneration when the seedlings are mature for the first season, and recording dormancy data and germination data of dormant buds on the stubbles of the rice respectively.
2. Statistical analysis and data processing:
all data were analyzed with SPSS (social science statistics software package) 17.0 software.
All the obtained original data are converted into dormant bud germination indexes IR (inhibition rate) which are used as germination indexes of different node dormant buds for statistical analysis, the data are averaged, and the germination rate is calculated according to the formula (1):
A＝(1-B/C)×100％ (1)
in the formula, A-germination rate (IR), B-germination number of dormant buds at the same node, and C-total number of dormant buds at the same node.
3. Analysis of dormant bud germination results of different rice varieties under high and low fertility level conditions
The analysis results of the relationship between the rice variety and different node dormant buds are shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, and according to the dormant bud germination relationship shown in fig. 3 under the high fertility level, the germination rates (%) of 17a318 and 18DZ273 obtained by investigation and breeding 14 days after harvesting and unmodified kaixing No. 8 (common rice) rice straw from the 0 node at the base part to the 3 rd node at the upper part are respectively as follows: the germination rates (%) of 0 section of dormant bud at the basal part respectively reach 96.35, 95.64 and 0; the germination rates (%) of 1 section of dormant buds on the base part respectively reach 3.23, 3.82 and 2.64; the germination rates (%) of the 2 segments of dormant buds on the base part respectively reach 0.42, 0.54 and 67.48; the germination rates (%) of the dormant buds of the 3 basal sections respectively reach 0, 0 and 29.88.
As can be seen from the germination relationship of the dormant buds at the low fertility level shown in fig. 4, the germination rates (%) of the dormant buds 14 days after harvesting, 17a318, 18DZ273 and jiaxing No. 8 (common rice) rice straw from the 0 th node of the basal part to the 3 rd node of the upper part are respectively: the germination rates (%) of 0 section of dormant bud at the basal part respectively reach 99.04, 98.35 and 0; the germination rates (%) of 1 section of dormant buds on the base part respectively reach 0.83, 1.26 and 0.47; the germination rates (%) of the 2 segments of dormant buds on the base part respectively reach 0.14, 0.39 and 80.17; the germination rates (%) of the dormant buds of the upper 3 segments of the basal part respectively reach 0, 0 and 19.36.
Therefore, different types of rice varieties are regenerated, and the germination capacity of the dormant buds at different node positions between the 3 rd node position from the base part to the upper part of the straw is controlled by the rice varieties and has no obvious influence on the fertility level. In addition, the dormant buds at the base parts of the stalks of the rice varieties bred by the method have germination advantages compared with the dormant buds at other parts of the stalks, the ratooning rice grows regularly, the maturity periods are consistent, and the problems of small ear types of the ratooning rice, large difference of maturity periods, large mechanical harvesting yield reduction amplitude of first season rice and the like caused by different germination times of the dormant buds at the upper parts of the stalks of the current rice varieties are solved, so that the problems of poor consistency and insufficient yield potential of rice products are caused. Therefore, the breeding method provided by the invention can obtain the regenerated rice variety with excellent properties and better meeting the production quality requirement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of a regenerated rice variety is characterized in that the regenerated rice is formed by germinating from a basal dormant bud, and comprises the following steps:
selecting rice material with base regeneration character and rice material with other target character to make hybridization to obtain hybrid progeny seed F with base regeneration character and other target character1Generation;
simultaneous planting of F1Generations and their parents, first season maturity, from F1Cutting off the first node at the upper part of the stem of the generation and the parent thereof, allowing internode dormant buds on the rest stem to germinate and regenerate, and comparing F by observation1Selecting F for the individual plant character performance of the plant in the mature state and the first season mature state of the generation and the parent regeneration plant1F is selected from the regenerated seeds of the single plant with more regenerated plants at the generation base2Generation;
to F2Screening and cultivating at low temperature in seedling stage of generation, breaking off single plant, planting in field with high and low fertility, and planting in F after first season is mature2Cutting off the first node at the upper part of the stem of the generation plant to ensure that the dormant bud at the lower part of the stem germinates and regenerates, comparing the single plant character performance of the plant in the mature state and the first season mature state of the regeneration plant by observation, finally taking the seed which meets the screening standard and is obtained each time as the next generation seed selection material, and selecting the seeds from F2～F5Repeating the steps;
from F6The generation starts to be planted in a field with high and low fertility by means of line-separating direct seeding, stubble regeneration is carried out in the same way, and biological properties, rice quality and rice taste of the two-season rice are respectively inspected by taking the line as a unit until a new line of basal ratoon rice with target properties is obtained.
2. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein said F is2～F5After low-temperature screening cultivation is carried out in the seedling stage of the generation, and when the first season rice is mature, the single plants after low-temperature screening cultivation are broken off and planted on the fields with high and low fertility levels respectively.
3. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to any one of claims 1-2 wherein comparing the individual trait performance of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant and in the first season mature state by observation further comprises observing the individual trait performance of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant and in the first season mature state on a field of higher low fertility level.
4. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the rice material having the trait of basal regeneration is a rice material having a basal regeneration gene.
5. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the step of selecting a rice variety having a high yield and a high yield from the group consisting of the above-mentioned varietiesThe low-temperature screening culture is to mix F2～F5The seeds are subjected to open-air sparse sowing growth at the daily average air temperature of 8-10 ℃, and the cold-intolerant variant materials are eliminated at low temperature.
6. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein said F is selected from the group consisting of6And directly sowing the rice plants in different lines in a field with high and low fertility, and respectively inspecting the biological properties, the rice quality and the rice taste of the two-season rice by taking the lines as units until a new basal ratoon rice line with target properties is obtained.
7. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 2, wherein the breaking-off individual plant cultivation of high and low fertility levels comprises:
breeding the seedlings screened at low temperature;
when the tillering of the single seedling reaches 4 or more than 4, breaking off the single seedling, and planting the single seedling in high and low fertility field blocks respectively;
when the first season rice of the plant of the single broken plant is mature, the first node of the upper part of each plant stem is cut off, so that the internode dormant bud at the lower part of the plant stem is germinated and regenerated, and the mature seed with the regenerated base part and the separated plant is obtained.
8. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the number of individual plants obtained from each generation of breeding material is 40 or more.
9. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the screening criteria include:
directly seeding in high and low fertility plots, wherein the regeneration capacity of the base part of the plant shows strong plants;
plants with high yield;
rice quality and good taste;
plants with strong dormancy stage of fresh grains in the head season;
directly seeding plants with strong lodging resistance;
other plants with outstanding target characters.
10. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 9, wherein the screening criteria are obtained by analyzing the data of high and low fertility of each cold-resistant individual plant, dormant bud germination of each node of the regenerated plant, heading time, and measurement of dormancy and germination rate of fresh grains of the first season of each generation of material collected during the breeding process of each generation and its parent when the first season rice is mature.
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