CN111289165B - Device and method for measuring excitation force of cam shaft to cam bearing cover - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring excitation force of cam shaft to cam bearing cover Download PDFInfo
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- CN111289165B CN111289165B CN202010162417.3A CN202010162417A CN111289165B CN 111289165 B CN111289165 B CN 111289165B CN 202010162417 A CN202010162417 A CN 202010162417A CN 111289165 B CN111289165 B CN 111289165B
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring exciting force of a cam bearing cover by a cam shaft, wherein the device takes the existing cam bearing cover as a prototype and is divided into an inner component and an inner component, pressure sensing pieces are arranged between the inner component and the inner component in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, two sides of each horizontal pressure sensing piece are respectively in plane contact with the inner component and the outer component, each vertical pressure sensing piece is pre-tightened on the top of the inner component through an adjusting bolt on the top of the outer component, and the exciting force of the cam shaft is ensured to be accurately transmitted to the pressure sensing pieces by adjusting the position relation between the outer component, the inner component, the adjusting bolt and the pressure sensing pieces; the method adopts the measuring device to collect the excitation force generated by the camshaft in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction respectively, and converts the signal output by the pressure sensing sheet according to the calibration relation, so as to obtain the stress data. The invention can respectively and accurately measure the stress of the cam bearing cover in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to accurately reflect the exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stress measurement of engine parts, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring excitation force of a cam shaft on a cam bearing cover.
Background
When a common engine is upgraded to a supercharged engine, the strength of each part of the engine faces more severe test. When the engine is in operation, the cam bearing seat and the bearing cap are one of the most dangerous parts, and the strength of these parts determines the reliability of the engine cylinder head.
With the increase of national regulations and customer requirements, the NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness, i.e. Noise, Vibration and Harshness) performance of engines is receiving more and more attention. The excitation of the cam bearing cover by the camshaft is one of important excitation sources of engine noise radiation, so that the accuracy of the input excitation force of the camshaft on the cam bearing cover must be ensured when the noise simulation analysis of the whole engine is carried out.
The existing measurement process of exciting force of a cam shaft to a cam bearing cover is to paste 'strain gauges' on the outer surfaces of two sides of the bearing cover with the traditional structure and then measure the relation between a strain signal of the 'strain gauge' and stress, and the measurement method has the following defects:
1. when the camshaft rotates, the force borne by the cam bearing seat is always changed, so that the excitation of the camshaft to the cam bearing cover is multidirectional, the excitation comprises the stress in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction and the bending stress, the strain gauges are positioned on two sides of the outer part of the bearing cover, the final resultant force signal is obtained by measurement, and the magnitude of the stress value corresponding to each stress direction cannot be obtained;
2. the strain gauge is a measuring element which is deformed by stress and further reflects the stress condition, and is influenced by multiple factors such as vibration, temperature, sticking direction and the like, and the exciting force of the cam shaft on the cam bearing cover is complex and has high change frequency, so that the force error measured by the strain gauge is large;
3. as mentioned above, the strain gauge is a measuring element which is deformed by force and further reflects the stress condition, and the difficulty of obtaining an accurate stress value through deformation is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the exciting force of a cam shaft to a cam bearing cap, which can accurately measure the stress of the cam bearing cap in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction respectively so as to accurately reflect the exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cap. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows by combining the attached drawings of the specification:
a camshaft is to the cam bearing cap actuating force measuring device, including the outer member 1, inner member 2, fastening bolt 3, adjusting bolt 4, vertical pressure sense slice 5, horizontal pressure sense slice 6 and cam bearing seat 8;
the camshaft 7 is directly arranged in a cam bearing seat 8 above an engine cylinder cover 9, the inner member 2 is arranged on the camshaft 7 in a matching way, and a gap is reserved between the bottom horizontal plane of the inner member 2 and the cam bearing seat 8;
the outer member 1 is arranged on the outer side of the inner member 2, and the inner surface of the outer member 1 is matched with the outer surface of the inner member 2;
horizontal pressure sensing pieces 6 are respectively arranged between the horizontal symmetrical positions of the two sides of the outer surface of the inner member 2 and the corresponding inner surface of the outer member 1, and vertical pressure sensing pieces 5 are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the positions right above the cam shaft 7, of the top of the outer surface of the inner member 2;
a vertical threaded hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the vertical pressure sensing piece 5, of the top of the outer member 1, and the adjusting bolt 4 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole and applies pre-tightening force to the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 below;
the outer member 1 and the inner member 2 are in plane contact with a horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 respectively, and the inner member 2 and the adjusting bolt 4 are in plane contact with a vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 respectively;
and two ends of the outer member 1 are fixed on an engine cylinder head 9 through fastening bolts 3, so that the outer member 1 and the inner member 2 are combined to form a cam bearing cover structure and fixed on a cam bearing seat 8.
Furthermore, horizontal protrusions are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the inner surface of the outer member 1, and the top surfaces of the horizontal protrusions are in contact with the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing sheets 6;
the bottom of the adjusting bolt 4 is provided with a vertical protrusion, and the top surface of the vertical protrusion is in contact with the corresponding vertical pressure sensing piece 5.
Furthermore, the size of the top surface of the horizontal protrusion at two sides of the outer member 1 is smaller than the size of the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing piece 6, and the area of the top surface of the horizontal protrusion is larger than one half of the area of the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6;
the size of the top surface of the vertical protrusion at the bottom of the adjusting bolt 4 is smaller than that of the vertical pressure sensing piece 5, and the area of the top surface of the vertical protrusion is larger than one half of that of the vertical pressure sensing piece 5;
furthermore, the verticality between the horizontal center line of the horizontal protrusions on the two sides of the outer component 1 and the vertical center line of the camshaft is less than 0.05 mm;
the coaxiality of the central axis of the adjusting bolt 4 and the vertical central line of the camshaft 7 right below is less than 0.05 mm.
Further, the height of the horizontal protrusions at both sides of the outer member 1 is 2-4 mm.
Furthermore, the edge size of the top surface of the horizontal bulge is 1-3mm smaller than that of the sensing surface of the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6;
the edge size of the top surface of the vertical protrusion is 1-3mm smaller than that of the sensing surface of the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5.
Further, the outer surface of the inner member 2 is of a cuboid structure, and the inner side surface of the outer member 1 is of a cuboid groove structure in match with the cuboid structure.
Further, the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6 are both liquid sensing pieces, liquid resistance ink is arranged inside the liquid sensing pieces, and the liquid sensing pieces output 0-10V electric signals outwards after being pressed.
A method for measuring the exciting force of a cam shaft to a cam bearing cover is characterized in that the device for measuring the exciting force of the cam bearing cover by the cam shaft is used for measuring the exciting force of the cam bearing cover, and the specific measuring process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: directly mounting and horizontally placing the camshaft 7 in a cam bearing seat 8 above an engine cylinder cover 9 to ensure that the circumferential surface of the camshaft 7 is completely attached to the cam bearing seat 8, mounting the inner member 2 above the camshaft 7 to ensure that the inner side arc surface of the inner member 2 is directly attached to the circumferential surface of the camshaft 7, and keeping the inner member 2 horizontally placed to ensure that a gap is reserved between the bottom of the inner member 2 and the lower cam bearing seat 8;
step two: horizontal pressure sensing pieces 6 are respectively arranged on the two side planes outside the inner member 2, and vertical pressure sensing pieces 5 are arranged on the top plane of the inner member 2;
step three: covering the outer member 1 above the inner member 2, and enabling the inner side plane of the outer member 1 to be opposite to the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 and the top threaded hole of the outer member 1 to be opposite to the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5;
step four: fixing two sides of an outer member 1 on an engine cylinder head 9 through fastening bolts 3, and installing components including the outer member 1, an inner member 2, a vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 and a horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 on a cam bearing seat 8;
step five: rotating the adjusting bolt 4 into a threaded hole in the top of the outer member 1 to enable the top surface of a vertical protrusion at the bottom of the adjusting bolt 4 to be pressed on the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5, and applying pretightening force to ensure that under the combined action of the outer member 1 and the adjusting bolt 4, when the camshaft 7 rotates according to a test working condition, no angular deviation exists between the inner member 2 and the camshaft 7;
step six: enabling the camshaft 7 to rotate according to the test working condition, and respectively receiving and acquiring electric signals output outwards by the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 due to stress;
step seven: and converting the electric signals output by the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 according to the calibrated relation between the electric signals output by the pressure sensing sheets and the stress to obtain corresponding stress data.
The specific process for obtaining the stress-stress relation of the output electric signal of the calibrated pressure sensing piece is as follows:
placing a pressure sensing piece 11 to be calibrated on the upper surface of a force sensor 12, and vertically arranging a calibration rod 10 at the center of the upper surface of the pressure sensing piece 11 to be calibrated;
the contact surface between the calibration rod 10 and the pressure sensing piece 11 to be calibrated is the same as the contact surface between the outer member 1 and the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6 or the contact surface between the adjusting bolt 4 and the vertical pressure sensor 5;
different forces are applied to the calibration rod 10 from top to bottom, an electric signal output by the pressure sensing piece 11 to be calibrated is obtained, and finally a calibration relation between the applied force and the output electric signal is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device for measuring the exciting force of the cam bearing cover by the cam shaft takes the existing cam bearing cover as a reference original shape, an inner member and an outer member are designed to be combined to form a split type cam bearing cover structure to be matched with the cam shaft for installation, the assembly structure and the function of the device are the same as those of the existing cam bearing cover, a pressure sensing sheet is reasonably arranged between the inner member and the outer member to accurately measure the stress of the cam bearing cover in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction respectively, the exciting force of the cam shaft on the cam bearing cover is accurately reflected, powerful data support is provided for the engine NVH analysis and the service life evaluation of the engine cylinder cover, the boundary conditions of the engine NVH analysis and the service life evaluation of the engine cylinder cover are more accurate, and the reliability of a gas distribution mechanism is greatly improved.
2. The device for measuring the exciting force of the cam bearing cover by the camshaft adopts the liquid sensing sheet as the pressure sensing sheet, liquid resistance ink is arranged in the liquid sensing sheet, the detected pressure can be directly output through the amplifier, the range of the output voltage signal is 0-10V, the signal is large, the interference is not easy to happen, and the measurement result is more accurate.
3. In the device for measuring the exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cover, the plane structure is adopted as the contact surface with the pressure sensing sheet, so that the exciting force of the cam shaft is completely and accurately transmitted to the pressure sensing sheet, and accurate measurement is realized.
4. In the device for measuring the exciting force of the cam bearing cover by the cam shaft, the bearing structure in the original cam bearing assembly is eliminated, the structure similar to a bearing is formed by combining the inner member and the bearing seat, and a certain gap is reserved between the inner member and the bearing seat, so that the exciting force generated by the cam shaft to the cam bearing cover is completely and accurately transmitted to the pressure sensing sheet through the inner member, and the measurement precision is further improved.
5. In the device for measuring the exciting force of the cam bearing cover by the cam shaft, the inner component is pressed on the bearing seat by the adjusting bolt at the top of the outer component in the vertical direction, and the boss surface processed at the bottom of the adjusting bolt is in abutting and pressing contact with the pressure sensing sheet on the top plane of the inner component, so that on one hand, a proper pretightening force is provided, on the other hand, the generation of lateral force or resonance is avoided, and the measuring precision of the exciting force in the vertical direction is improved.
6. The device for measuring the exciting force of the cam bearing cover by the cam shaft can directly perform limited transformation on the existing cam bearing cover to form an inner member and an outer member, avoids redesign, reduces the test cost, shortens the test period, and is beneficial to popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring exciting force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for calibrating a relationship between a voltage signal output by a pressure sensing piece and a force detected by the pressure sensing piece in the method for measuring the exciting force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to the invention.
In the figure:
1-outer member, 2-inner member, 3-fastening bolt, 4-adjusting bolt,
5-vertical pressure sensing piece, 6-horizontal pressure sensing piece, 7-camshaft, 8-camshaft bearing seat,
9-an engine cylinder cover, 10-a calibration rod, 11-a pressure sensing piece to be calibrated and 12-a force sensor.
Detailed Description
For clearly and completely describing the technical scheme and the specific working process thereof, the specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows by combining the attached drawings of the specification:
as shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses a camshaft to cam bearing cap exciting force measuring device, which comprises an outer member 1, an inner member 2, a fastening bolt 3, an adjusting bolt 4, a vertical pressure sensing piece 5 and a horizontal pressure sensing piece 6.
The camshaft 7 is directly installed in the camshaft bearing seat 8, so that the circumferential surface of the camshaft 7 is matched and attached with the arc-shaped surface in the installation groove of the camshaft bearing seat 8, the camshaft bearing seat 8 is arranged on the engine cylinder cover 9, and the upper surface of the camshaft bearing seat 8 is flush with the upper connection surface of the engine cylinder cover 9;
the inner surface of the inner member 2 is an arc surface matched with the upper circumferential surface of the cam shaft 7, the inner member 2 is installed on the upper surface of the cam shaft 7 in a crossing mode, the inner member 2 and the cam bearing seat 8 are combined to form a structure similar to a bearing, the upper circumferential surface and the lower circumferential surface of the cam shaft 7 are respectively and directly in contact connection with the inner surface of the inner member 2 and the inner surface of the installation groove of the cam bearing seat 8 to form a sliding friction pair, when the cam shaft 7 rotates, no angle deviation exists between the inner member 2 and the cam shaft 7, and the cam shaft 7 can directly transmit exciting force to the direction of a cam bearing cover through the inner member 2. The lower surface of the inner member 2 is a plane symmetrically distributed on two sides of the arc surface of the inner member 2, a certain gap is left between the lower surface of the inner member 2 and the upper surface of the cam bearing seat 8, so that the connection between the inner member 2 and the cam bearing seat 8 is prevented from dispersing stress, and the horizontal exciting force of the camshaft 7 on the inner member 2 is completely transmitted to the horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6.
The inner member 2 is sleeved on the inner side of the outer member 1, the outer contour surface of the inner member 2 is matched with the inner surface shape of the outer member 1, and a gap is reserved between the inner member 2 and the outer member 1; the two horizontal pressure sensing pieces 6 are symmetrically attached and installed between two sides of the outer contour surface of the inner member 2 and the inner side surface of the corresponding outer member 1, the specific installation positions are located at corresponding positions on two sides of the camshaft 7 in the horizontal direction, and the contact surfaces of the inner member 2, the outer member 1 and the horizontal pressure sensing pieces 6 are planes; one vertical pressure sensing piece 5 is arranged and attached to the top of the outer contour surface of the inner member 2 and located right above the cam shaft 7, and the contact surfaces of the inner member 2 and the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 are both flat surfaces.
For processing, in this embodiment, the outer contour surface of the inner member 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped, i.e. the top surface and two side surfaces of the outer member 2 are both processed into rectangular planes, and the inner surface of the outer member 1 is also processed into a rectangular parallelepiped groove.
The outer member 1 is mounted on the outer side of the inner member 2, and two sides of the outer member 1 are fixed on the engine cylinder head 9 through the fastening bolts 3, as mentioned above, because the inner surface of the outer member 1 is matched with the outer contour surface of the inner member 2, the outer member 1 is fixed on the engine cylinder head 9 through the fastening bolts 3, and simultaneously, the inner member 2 is pressed on the camshaft 7 to realize the limit on the inner member 2, at this time, the fastening bolts 3 fasten the components of the outer member 1, the inner member 2, the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6 on the cam bearing seat 8 according to the existing cam bearing cover mounting mode; the top of the outer component 1 is provided with a threaded hole which is positioned right above the camshaft 7 and corresponds to the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 on the top surface of the inner component 2; the adjusting bolt 4 is in threaded connection with a threaded hole in the top of the outer component 1, a vertical bulge is arranged at the bottom of a screw rod of the adjusting bolt 4, the top surface of the vertical bulge is a plane, and the top surface of the vertical bulge at the bottom of the adjusting bolt 4 is in contact connection with the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5; the edge size of the top surface of the vertical protrusion in contact with the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 is 1-3mm smaller than that of the corresponding sensing surface of the vertical pressure sensing piece 5, so that the excitation force of the camshaft 7 in the vertical direction is completely acted on the vertical pressure sensing piece 5; the area of the top surface of the vertical protrusion is larger than one half of the area of the sensing surface of the vertical pressure sensing piece 5, so that the exciting force of the camshaft 7 in the vertical direction is completely and uniformly applied to the vertical pressure sensing piece 5.
The adjusting bolt 4 provides a stress detection opposite surface for the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 on one hand; on the other hand, a certain fixed pressing force is provided between the outer member 1 and the inner member 2, and the play between the outer member 1 and the inner member 2 is prevented; on the other hand, the adjusting bolt 4 applies a certain pretightening force to the vertical pressure sensing piece 5, the pretightening force can be adjusted through the adjusting bolt 4, and the condition that the resultant force of the applied pretightening force and the vertical stress of the cam bearing cover does not exceed the range of the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 is ensured.
The lower parts of the two sides of the inner surface of the outer component 1, which are correspondingly contacted with the horizontal pressure sensing sheets 6, are respectively provided with a horizontal bulge, the top surface of each horizontal bulge is a plane, and the outer component 1 is contacted and connected with the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing sheets 6 through the top surfaces of the horizontal bulges at the two sides; the horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 is positioned at the center of the top surface of the horizontal bulge; the edge size of the top surface of the horizontal bulge which is in contact with the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6 is 1-3mm smaller than the edge size of the sensing surface of the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing piece 6, so that the excitation force of the camshaft 7 in the horizontal direction is ensured to be completely acted on the horizontal pressure sensing pieces 6 at the two sides; the area of the top surface of the horizontal bulge contacted with the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6 is larger than one half of the area of the sensing surface of the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6, so as to ensure that the exciting force of the camshaft 7 in the horizontal direction is uniformly applied to the horizontal pressure sensing pieces 6 on the two sides; in addition, the height of the horizontal bulges at the two sides of the outer member 1 is 2-4mm, so that the coaxiality of the axis of the inner arc surface of the inner member 2 and the axis of the camshaft 7 is not influenced after the inner member 2 and the horizontal pressure sensing sheets 6 at the two sides are installed.
In order to further ensure that the stress of the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 is uniform and further improve the service life of the sensing piece, the verticality between the horizontal central line of the horizontal bulge on the inner side of the outer component 1 and the vertical central line of the camshaft is less than 0.05 mm; the coaxiality of the central axis of the adjusting bolt 4 and the vertical central line of the camshaft 7 right below is less than 0.05 mm.
The vertical pressure sensing piece 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6 are both liquid sensing pieces, liquid resistance ink is arranged in the liquid sensing pieces, the liquid sensing pieces can output 0-10V electric signals outwards through an amplifier after being pressurized, the signals are large, so that the liquid sensing pieces are not prone to interference, and the liquid sensing pieces produced in the United states and having the model number of FlexiForce A201 are specifically adopted.
In the exciting force measuring device, the outer member 1 and the inner member 2 are combined and connected to form a cam bearing cover simulation assembly which has the same function and is excited by a camshaft as a cam bearing cover, the inner member 2 and the cam bearing seat 8 are combined to form a structure similar to a bearing, so that the exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cover can be accurately transmitted through the inner member 2, the exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cover is simplified into forces in three directions, namely horizontal left and right sides and vertical upward, the stress in the corresponding direction is detected by arranging two horizontal pressure sensing sheets 6 and one vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 on the surface of the outer contour of the inner member 2, and the relation between the electric signals output after the horizontal pressure sensing sheets 6 and the vertical pressure sensing sheets 5 are stressed and the magnitude of the stressed pressure is calibrated, so that the specific exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cover can be obtained.
The excitation force measuring device can be used for detecting the excitation force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cover and can also be commonly used for detecting the excitation force of other shafts to corresponding bearing seats.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cap, which adopts the device for measuring the exciting force of the cam shaft to the cam bearing cap, and the specific measuring process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: directly mounting and horizontally placing the camshaft 7 in a cam bearing seat 8 above an engine cylinder cover 9 to ensure that the circumferential surface of the camshaft 7 is completely attached to the cam bearing seat 8, mounting the inner member 2 above the camshaft 7 to ensure that the inner side arc surface of the inner member 2 is directly attached to the circumferential surface of the camshaft 7, and keeping the inner member 2 horizontally placed to ensure that a gap is reserved between the bottom of the inner member 2 and the lower cam bearing seat 8;
step two: horizontal pressure sensing pieces 6 are respectively arranged on the two side planes outside the inner member 2, and vertical pressure sensing pieces 5 are arranged on the top plane of the inner member 2;
step three: covering the outer member 1 above the inner member 2, enabling the horizontal bulge on the inner side of the outer member 1 to be opposite to the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6, and enabling the threaded hole on the top of the outer member 1 to be opposite to the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5;
step four: the existing cam bearing cover mounting mode is adopted, two sides of an outer member 1 are fixed on an engine cylinder cover 9 through fastening bolts 3, and then components including the outer member 1, an inner member 2, a vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 and a horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 are mounted on a cam bearing seat 8, so that the components are combined to form a cam bearing cover simulation assembly which is the same as the cam bearing cover;
step five: rotating the adjusting bolt 4 into a threaded hole in the top of the outer member 1 to enable the top surface of a vertical protrusion in the bottom of the adjusting bolt 4 to be pressed against the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5, applying a certain pretightening force, and ensuring that under the combined installation and pressing of the outer member 1 and the adjusting bolt 4, when the camshaft 7 rotates according to a test working condition, no angular deviation occurs between the inner member 2 and the camshaft 7;
step six: enabling the camshaft 7 to rotate according to the test working condition, and respectively receiving and acquiring electric signals output outwards by the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 due to stress;
step seven: and converting the electric signals output by the vertical pressure sensing sheet 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing sheet 6 according to the stress and stress relation of the electric signals output by the calibrated pressure sensing sheets, and finally obtaining corresponding stress data.
In the seventh step, the process of obtaining the relationship between the stress and the stress of the output electrical signal of the calibrated pressure sensing piece can be performed as a test preparation step before the first step, or can be performed after the test is finished, the vertical pressure sensing piece 5 and the horizontal pressure sensing piece 6 have the same structural function, and are only different in position in the testing device, so that the calibration relationship between the two pieces is the same, and the calibration process is specifically as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a pressure sensing sheet 11 to be calibrated is placed on the upper surface of a force sensing sheet 12, a calibration rod 10 is vertically arranged at the center position of the upper surface of the pressure sensing sheet 11 to be calibrated, the surface of the bottom of the calibration rod 10, which is in contact with the pressure sensing sheet 11 to be calibrated, is a plane, in order to simulate a test state, the calibration rod 10 acts on the center position of the pressure sensing sheet 11 to be calibrated, the edge size of the bottom plane of the calibration rod 10 is 1-3mm smaller than that of the sensing surface of the pressure sensing sheet 11 to be calibrated, the area of the bottom plane of the calibration rod 10 is larger than one half of that of the sensing surface of the pressure sensing sheet 11 to be calibrated, different forces F are applied to the calibration rod 10 from top to bottom, an electrical signal V output by the pressure sensing sheet 11 to be calibrated is obtained, and a calibration relationship between the applied force F and the output electrical signal V is further obtained.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring an energizing force of a cam bearing cap by a camshaft, the method comprising: the device comprises an outer component (1), an inner component (2), a fastening bolt (3), an adjusting bolt (4), a vertical pressure sensing sheet (5), a horizontal pressure sensing sheet (6) and a cam bearing seat (8);
the camshaft (7) is directly installed in a cam bearing seat (8) above an engine cylinder cover (9), the inner member (2) is installed on the camshaft (7) in a matching mode, and a gap exists between the horizontal plane of the bottom of the inner member (2) and the cam bearing seat (8);
the outer component (1) is arranged on the outer side of the inner component (2), and the inner surface of the outer component (1) is matched with the outer surface of the inner component (2);
horizontal pressure sensing pieces (6) are respectively installed between the horizontal symmetrical positions on the two sides of the outer surface of the inner member (2) and the inner surface of the corresponding outer member (1), and a vertical pressure sensing piece (5) is installed at the position, corresponding to the position right above the camshaft (7), of the top of the outer surface of the inner member (2);
a vertical threaded hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the vertical pressure sensing sheet (5), of the top of the outer component (1), the adjusting bolt (4) is in threaded connection with the threaded hole, and pretightening force is applied to the vertical pressure sensing sheet (5) below the adjusting bolt;
the outer component (1) and the inner component (2) are in plane contact with the horizontal pressure sensing sheet (6) respectively, and the inner component (2) and the adjusting bolt (4) are in plane contact with the vertical pressure sensing sheet (5) respectively;
two ends of the outer member (1) are fixed on an engine cylinder cover (9) through fastening bolts (3), so that the outer member (1) and the inner member (2) are combined to form a cam bearing cover structure and fixed on a cam bearing seat (8);
the method is characterized in that: the specific measurement process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: directly installing a camshaft (7) in a camshaft bearing seat (8) which is horizontally arranged above an engine cylinder cover (9), completely attaching the circumferential surface of the camshaft (7) to the camshaft bearing seat (8), installing an inner member (2) above the camshaft (7), directly attaching the inner side arc surface of the inner member (2) to the circumferential surface of the camshaft (7), keeping the inner member (2) horizontally arranged, and leaving a gap between the bottom of the inner member (2) and the lower camshaft bearing seat (8);
step two: horizontal pressure sensing pieces (6) are respectively installed on the two outer side planes of the inner component (2), and vertical pressure sensing pieces (5) are installed on the top plane of the inner component (2);
step three: covering the outer component (1) above the inner component (2), enabling the inner side plane of the outer component (1) to face a corresponding horizontal pressure sensing sheet (6) and enabling the top threaded hole of the outer component (1) to face a vertical pressure sensing sheet (5);
step four: fixing two sides of an outer member (1) on an engine cylinder head (9) through fastening bolts (3), and installing components including the outer member (1), an inner member (2), a vertical pressure sensing sheet (5) and a horizontal pressure sensing sheet (6) on a cam bearing seat (8);
step five: rotating the adjusting bolt (4) into a threaded hole in the top of the outer component (1), enabling a vertical raised top surface at the bottom of the adjusting bolt (4) to be pressed against the vertical pressure sensing sheet (5), and applying pretightening force to ensure that under the combined action of the outer component (1) and the adjusting bolt (4), when the camshaft (7) rotates according to a test working condition, no angular deviation exists between the inner component (2) and the camshaft (7);
step six: enabling the camshaft (7) to rotate according to the test working condition, and respectively receiving and acquiring electric signals output outwards by the vertical pressure sensing sheet (5) and the horizontal pressure sensing sheet (6) due to stress;
step seven: and converting the electric signals output by the vertical pressure sensing piece (5) and the horizontal pressure sensing piece (6) according to the calibrated electric signal output by the pressure sensing pieces and the stress relation to obtain corresponding stress data.
2. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 1, wherein:
the specific process for obtaining the stress-stress relation of the output electric signal of the calibrated pressure sensing piece is as follows:
placing a pressure sensing piece (11) to be calibrated on the upper surface of a force sensor (12), and vertically arranging a calibration rod (10) at the center of the upper surface of the pressure sensing piece (11) to be calibrated;
the contact surface between the calibration rod (10) and the pressure sensing piece (11) to be calibrated is the same as the contact surface between the outer component (1) and the horizontal pressure sensing piece (6) or the contact surface between the adjusting bolt (4) and the vertical pressure sensor (5);
different forces are applied to the calibration rod (10) from top to bottom to obtain an electric signal output by the pressure sensing sheet (11) to be calibrated, and finally, a calibration relation between the applied forces and the output electric signal is obtained.
3. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 1, wherein:
horizontal protrusions are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the inner surface of the outer component (1), and the top surfaces of the horizontal protrusions are in contact with corresponding horizontal pressure sensing pieces (6);
the bottom of the adjusting bolt (4) is provided with a vertical protrusion, and the top surface of the vertical protrusion is in contact with the corresponding vertical pressure sensing piece (5).
4. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 3, wherein:
the size of the top surface of the horizontal bulge at two sides of the outer component (1) is smaller than that of the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing piece (6), and the area of the top surface of the horizontal bulge is larger than one half of the area of the horizontal pressure sensing piece (6);
the size of the top surface of the vertical protrusion at the bottom of the adjusting bolt (4) is smaller than that of the vertical pressure sensing piece (5), and the area of the top surface of the vertical protrusion is larger than one half of that of the vertical pressure sensing piece (5).
5. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 3, wherein:
the perpendicularity between the horizontal center line of the horizontal protrusions on the two sides of the outer component (1) and the vertical center line of the camshaft is less than 0.05 mm;
the coaxiality of the central axis of the adjusting bolt (4) and the vertical central line of the camshaft (7) right below is less than 0.05 mm.
6. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 3, wherein:
the height of the horizontal bulges at the two sides of the outer component (1) is 2-4 mm.
7. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 4, wherein:
the edge size of the top surface of the horizontal bulge is 1-3mm smaller than that of the sensing surface of the corresponding horizontal pressure sensing sheet (6);
the edge size of the top surface of the vertical protrusion is 1-3mm smaller than that of the sensing surface of the vertical pressure sensing sheet (5).
8. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 1, wherein:
the outer surface of the inner component (2) is of a cuboid structure, and the inner side surface of the outer component (1) is of a cuboid groove structure in a matched mode.
9. A method of measuring an energizing force of a camshaft to a cam bearing cap according to claim 1, wherein:
the vertical pressure sensing piece (5) and the horizontal pressure sensing piece (6) are liquid sensing pieces, liquid resistance ink is arranged in the liquid sensing pieces, and the liquid sensing pieces output 0-10V electric signals outwards after being pressurized.
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