CN111250001A - High-efficiency shift converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency conversion furnace, comprising an outer casing, an outer distributor, a central gas collecting pipe and a heat transfer system. The upper end of the outer distributor is closed, the lower end is connected with the inner wall of the outer casing, and a buffer is formed between the outer distributor and the outer casing. Distribution cavity, a catalytic cavity is formed between the outer distributor and the central gas collecting pipe, the upper end of the outer casing is provided with an air inlet, and the catalytic cavity extends downward to the bottom of the buffer distribution cavity. The central gas collecting pipe includes a gas collecting section and a gas distribution section. The air distribution section corresponds to the buffer distribution cavity, the air distribution section is located below the buffer distribution cavity, the lower end of the air distribution section is closed, the air collection section is provided with an air collection hole, the air distribution section is provided with a second air distribution hole, and the lower part of the outer casing is provided with an air outlet. The invention achieves the technical goals of improving the conversion rate of process gas and improving the purity of product gas without increasing the thickness of the catalyst layer through the rational layout of the external distributor, the central gas collecting pipe and the catalytic chamber.

Description

High-efficiency shift furnace

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the technical field of shift furnaces, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency shift furnace.

Background technique:

The shift furnace usually includes an outer pressure-bearing shell, an inner outer distributor and a gas collecting cylinder arranged in the center of the outer distributor. The catalyst is filled between the outer distributor and the gas collecting cylinder, and then the process gas is diffused into the catalyst through the outer distributor for reaction. Product gas is generated, which is collected by the gas collector.

The structure of the traditional shift furnace restricts the process gas to undergo only one catalysis, resulting in residual process gas in the product gas, and the purity of the product gas is not high. In order to improve the purity of the product gas, the direct method is to thicken the catalyst layer and increase the The process gas flows from the outer distributor to the gas collecting cylinder, so as to promote the conversion rate of the process gas and improve the purity of the product gas. However, this method directly increases the flow resistance of the process gas and further increases the pressure level of the shift furnace. The improvement increases the production cost and safety production risk of the conversion furnace.

Invention content:

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency shift furnace, which can improve the conversion rate of process gas and improve the purity of product gas without increasing the thickness of the catalyst layer.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a high-efficiency conversion furnace, comprising an outer casing, a cylindrical outer distributor connected inside the outer casing, a central gas collecting pipe coaxially arranged with the outer distributor, and a distribution pipe arranged outside the outer casing. The upper end of the outer distributor is closed, and the lower end is connected to the inner wall of the outer casing. A buffer distribution cavity is formed between the outer distributor and the outer casing, and a buffer distribution cavity is formed between the outer distributor and the central gas collection pipe. Catalytic chamber, the upper end of the outer casing is provided with an air inlet that communicates with the buffer distribution chamber, the side wall of the outer distributor is covered with first air distribution holes, and a large number of air collection holes are arranged on the wall of the central gas collecting pipe, and the catalytic chamber extends downward. To the bottom of the buffer distribution cavity, the central gas collecting pipe includes a gas collection section and an air distribution section that are connected to each other. The gas collection section and the buffer distribution cavity correspond to the collection of product gas, the air distribution section is located below the buffer distribution cavity, and the lower end of the air distribution section It is closed and used to redistribute the product gas into the catalytic chamber. The gas collecting holes are distributed in the gas collecting section. A large number of second gas distribution holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the gas distribution section. Each air outlet is covered with a first intercepting piece, and the central air collecting pipe is fixedly connected to the outer casing or to the top of the outer distributor or to the heat removal system.

The heat transfer system includes a number of heat exchange tubes distributed in the catalytic chamber, an upper header connected to the upper end of the outer distributor, and a lower header connected to the lower end of the outer casing. The upper end of each heat exchange tube is communicated with the upper header, and the lower end Connected with the lower header, the upper header is connected with a first connecting pipe extending out of the outer casing, the lower header is connected with a second connecting pipe extending out of the outer casing, the upper end of the central gas collecting pipe is connected to the upper end of the upper header. The lower end is connected, and the lower end of the central gas collecting pipe is connected with the upper end of the lower header.

The top surface of the outer distributor is uniformly distributed with a plurality of filling ports in the circumferential direction, and each filling port is provided with a cover body. The manhole cover that opens and closes, and the manhole cover is sealed and buckled on the manhole.

The central gas collecting pipe also includes a gradual change section and an expansion section located between the gas collecting section and the gas distribution section, the diameter of the expanding section is larger than the diameter of the gas collecting section, and the gradual change section is a conical cylinder for connecting the gas collecting section and the expanding section. The air distribution section is formed into a conical cylinder, the diameter of the upper end of the air distribution section is larger than the diameter of the lower end, and the upper end of the air distribution section is sealed and connected to the lower end of the expansion section.

A second blocking member for blocking the catalyst from entering the central gas collecting pipe is attached to the outer wall of the gas distribution section.

The outer casing is provided with a purging port communicating with the lower end of the buffer distribution cavity, and a cover is detachably sealed and connected to the purging port.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: through the rational layout of the external distributor, the central gas collecting pipe and the catalytic chamber, the process gas after the primary catalysis is guided by the central gas collecting pipe to enter the catalytic chamber again for secondary catalysis, and the second catalysis is located where the The position of the catalytic chamber is different, which will not cause the catalyst transition reaction and lose the catalytic ability, so as to achieve the technical goal of improving the conversion rate of the process gas and improving the purity of the product gas without increasing the thickness of the catalyst layer.

The invention further utilizes the upper header and the lower header of the heat transfer system to fix the central gas collecting pipe, so that the installation structure of the central gas collecting pipe is simpler, the volume of the catalytic chamber is enlarged, and the process gas reaction is more sufficient.

In the present invention, manholes are further provided at the bottom of the upper header, so that personnel can enter the central gas collecting pipe for cleaning and maintenance.

The invention further increases the gradual change section and the expansion section between the gas collecting section and the gas distribution section of the central gas collecting pipe, utilizes the gradual change section to absorb the stress generated during the operation of the central gas collecting pipe, improves the working stability of the conversion furnace, and uses the expanding section to reduce the The flow rate of the product gas makes the product gas evenly diffuse to the catalytic chamber through the gas distribution section, and performs uniform secondary catalysis.

According to the present invention, by arranging a purging port on the outer casing, the dust deposited at the bottom of the buffer distribution chamber can be regularly checked and removed to prevent the dust from entering the catalytic chamber.

Description of drawings:

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

In Figure 1: 1. Outer casing, 2. Outer distributor, 3. Central gas collection pipe, 301, Gas collection section, 302, Distribution section, 303, Gradient section, 304, Expansion section, 4. Heat removal system, 401, Heat exchange pipe, 402, upper header, 403, lower header, 404, first connecting pipe, 405, second connecting pipe, 5, buffer distribution chamber, 6, catalytic chamber, 7, air inlet, 8, No. 1. Air distribution hole, 9. Air collecting hole, 10. Second air distribution hole, 11. Air outlet, 12, First intercepting piece, 13. Filling port, 14, Cover body, 15, Manhole, 16, Manhole cover, 17 , The second intercepting piece, 18, the purge port, 19, the cover, 20, the discharge port.

Detailed ways:

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the high-efficiency conversion furnace includes an outer casing 1, a cylindrical outer distributor 2 connected inside the outer casing 1, a central gas collecting pipe 3 arranged coaxially with the outer distributor 2, and a central gas collecting pipe 3 arranged between the outer distributor 2 and the center The heat removal system 4 between the gas collecting pipes 3, the upper end of the outer distributor 2 is closed, the lower end is connected to the inner wall of the outer casing 1, a buffer distribution cavity 5 is formed between the outer distributor 2 and the outer casing 1, and the outer distributor 2 is connected to the center A catalytic cavity 6 is formed between the gas collecting pipes 3, the upper end of the outer casing 1 is provided with an air inlet 7 that communicates with the buffer distribution cavity 5, the side wall of the outer distributor 2 is covered with first air distribution holes 8, and the pipe wall of the central gas collecting pipe 3 is A large number of gas collecting holes 9 are provided, the catalytic chamber 6 extends downward to the bottom of the buffer distribution chamber 5, and the central gas collecting pipe 3 includes a gas collecting section 301 and a gas distribution section 302 that are connected to each other. The gas collecting section 301 and the buffer distribution chamber 5 For the collection of product gas, the gas distribution section 302 is located below the buffer distribution chamber 5, the lower end of the gas distribution section 302 is closed, and is used to redistribute the product gas into the catalytic chamber 6, and the gas collection holes 9 are distributed in the gas collection section 301. A large number of second air distribution holes 10 are arranged on the pipe wall of the gas section 302, and a number of air outlets 11 are arranged in the lower part of the outer casing 1 to communicate with the catalytic chamber 6. Each air outlet 11 is covered with a first intercepting piece 12. It can be any one of wire mesh, Johnson mesh, and perforated plate.

The heat transfer system 4 includes a number of heat exchange tubes 401 distributed in the catalytic chamber 6, an upper header 402 connected to the upper end of the outer distributor 2, and a lower header 403 connected to the lower end of the outer casing 1. Each heat exchange tube 401 The upper end communicates with the upper header 402, the lower end communicates with the lower header 403, the upper header 402 is connected with a first connecting pipe 404 extending out of the outer casing 1, and the lower header 403 is connected with a first connecting pipe 404 extending out of the outer casing 1. The second connecting pipe 405 , the central gas collecting pipe 3 is fixedly connected with the outer casing 1 or with the top of the outer distributor 2 or with the heat removal system 4 . In this embodiment, the central gas collecting pipe 3 is preferably fixedly connected with the heat removal system 4. The specific connection structure is as follows: the upper end of the central gas collecting pipe 3 is connected with the lower end of the upper header tank 402, and the lower end of the central gas collecting pipe 3 is connected with the lower header box 403. top connection.

In the specific implementation process, the central gas collecting pipe 3 can be fixed by an auxiliary structure such as a bracket, and the fixed structure can be arbitrarily set according to the internal space of the conversion furnace, which belongs to a conventional positioning structure and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

In this embodiment, a plurality of filling ports 13 communicating with the catalytic chamber 6 are uniformly distributed on the top surface of the outer distributor 2 in the circumferential direction, and each filling port 13 is provided with a cover body 14. When the cover body 14 is opened, the filling port 13 can be filled The port 13 fills the catalyst chamber 6 with catalyst.

The bottom of the upper header box 402 is provided with a manhole 15 that communicates with the central gas collecting pipe 3. The manhole 15 is provided with a manhole cover 16 that can be opened and closed. The manhole cover 16 is sealed and buckled on the manhole 15. When the manhole 15 is closed, water flows in the upper header 402. When the central air header 3 needs to be cleaned and repaired, the cooling water inside the upper header 402 is released, and workers can enter the upper header through the first connecting pipe 404. Inside the box 402, then open the manhole cover 16, and enter the central gas collecting pipe 3 from the manhole 15. Of course, in order to reach the various heights of the central gas collecting pipe 3 smoothly, the workers can be hung down by means of suspension, or the workers can be collected in the center. A ladder is arranged on the inner wall of the trachea 3 .

In this embodiment, since the catalytic chamber 6 extends all the way to the bottom of the outer casing 1, a discharge port 20 is provided at the bottom of the outer casing, and the catalyst can be discharged through the discharge port 20. Of course, it works in the shift furnace. state, the discharge port 20 is closed.

In this embodiment, the central gas collecting pipe 3 further includes a gradual change section 303 and an expansion section 303 located between the gas collecting section 301 and the gas distribution section 302. The diameter of the expanding section 304 is larger than the diameter of the gas collecting section 301, and the gradual change section 303 is a cone. The cylinder is used to connect the gas collecting section 301 and the expansion section 304. The gas distribution section 302 is formed into a conical cylinder, the diameter of the upper end of the gas distribution section 302 is larger than the diameter of the lower end, and the upper end of the gas distribution section 302 is sealed with the lower end of the expansion section 304 docking. The gradual change section 303 is used to absorb the stress generated during the operation of the central gas collecting pipe 3, so as to improve the working stability of the shift furnace, and at the same time, the expansion section 304 is used to reduce the flow rate of the product gas, so that the product gas diffuses to the catalytic chamber 6 evenly through the gas distribution section 302, A uniform secondary catalysis is carried out.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the outer wall of the gas distribution section 302 is attached with a second blocking member 17 for blocking the catalyst from entering the central gas collecting pipe 3 . The second blocking member 17 can be any one of wire mesh, Johnson mesh, and perforated plate.

The outer casing 1 is provided with a purging port 18 communicating with the lower end of the buffer distribution cavity 5 , and a cover 19 is detachably sealingly connected to the purging port 18 . The purge port is used to regularly check and remove the dust deposited at the bottom of the buffer distribution chamber 5 to prevent dust from entering the catalytic chamber 6 .

The working process of the present invention is as follows: as shown in Figure 1, the process gas enters the buffer distribution chamber 5 through the air inlet 7, and after buffering and uniform distribution, it diffuses into the catalytic chamber 6 through the outer distributor 2, and the catalytic chamber 6 is filled with There is a catalyst. When the process gas passes through the catalyst, a chemical reaction is carried out to generate product gas, and heat is released at the same time. The product gas moves to the central gas collection pipe 3 under the push of the process air pressure, and enters the gas collection section of the central gas collection pipe 3 through the gas collection hole 9 301, and then move down along the gas collection section 301, and when entering the gradual change section 303 and the expansion section 304, due to the expansion of the flow area, the flow velocity of the product gas decreases, so that the product gas area is stabilized, and then passes through the distribution section 302. The second air distribution hole 10 diffuses into the catalytic chamber 6 again, and the process gas remaining in the product gas reacts with the catalyst to regenerate the product gas, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the process gas and improving the purity of the product gas.

The product gas after secondary catalysis is located below the process gas catalyzed for the first time. Due to the high pressure of the upper process gas, the product gas and the newly generated product gas that enter the catalytic chamber again flow downward, and finally pass through the lower part of the outer shell 1. out of the air outlet 11.

During the catalysis process of the catalyst, a large amount of heat energy is generated. The heat transfer system 4 introduces cooling water from the second connecting pipe 405. After the cooling water enters the lower header 403, it is evenly transported to each heat exchange pipe 401, and the cooling water flows along the heat exchange. The pipe 401 flows from bottom to top, transfers the heat generated in the catalyst, and the heated cooling water is collected into the upper header 402, and then discharged through the first connecting pipe 404. The heat transfer system continuously guides the cooling water through the catalytic chamber 6. , the working temperature in the catalytic chamber 6 is controlled in a stable range, so that the shift furnace can work stably and continuously.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, as well as some applied embodiments, but are not intended to limit the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the present invention Under the premise of the concept, several modifications and improvements can also be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A high-efficiency conversion furnace, comprising an outer casing (1), a cylindrical outer distributor (2) connected inside the outer casing (1), a central gas collecting pipe (3) arranged coaxially with the outer distributor (2), and A heat removal system (4) arranged between the outer distributor (2) and the central gas collecting pipe (3), the upper end of the outer distributor (2) is closed, the lower end is connected to the inner wall of the outer casing (1), and the outer distributor (2) ) and the outer casing (1) to form a buffer distribution cavity (5), between the outer distributor (2) and the central gas collecting pipe (3) to form a catalytic cavity (6), the upper end of the outer casing (1) is provided with a buffer distribution cavity (6). The air inlet (7) communicated with the cavity (5), the side wall of the outer distributor (2) is covered with first air distribution holes (8), and the central air collecting pipe (3) is provided with a large number of air collecting holes (9) on the pipe wall, It is characterized in that the catalytic chamber (6) extends downward to the bottom of the buffer distribution chamber (5), and the central gas collecting pipe (3) comprises a gas collecting section (301) and a gas distribution section (302) which are connected to each other, and the gas collecting section (302) is connected to each other. The air section (301) corresponds to the buffer distribution cavity (5) for collecting product gas, the air distribution section (302) is located below the buffer distribution cavity (5), and the lower end of the air distribution section (302) is closed for redistributing the product air In the catalytic chamber (6), the gas collecting holes (9) are distributed in the gas collecting section (301), the pipe wall of the gas distribution section (302) is provided with a large number of second gas distribution holes (10), and the lower part of the outer casing (1) is provided with a plurality of second gas distribution holes (10). A plurality of air outlets (11) communicated with the catalytic chamber (6), each air outlet (11) is covered with a first intercepting piece (12), and the central air collecting pipe (3) is fixedly connected to the outer casing (1) or is connected to the outer casing (1). The top of the outer distributor (2) is fixedly connected or fixedly connected with the heat removal system (4). 2 . The high-efficiency shift furnace according to claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer system ( 4 ) comprises a plurality of heat exchange tubes ( 401 ) distributed in the catalytic chamber ( 6 ), and an external distributor ( 2 ). 3 . An upper header (402) connected to the upper end and a lower header (403) connected to the lower end of the outer casing (1), the upper ends of the heat exchange tubes (401) are communicated with the upper header (402), and the lower ends are connected with the lower header (403) ) is connected, the upper header (402) is connected with a first connecting pipe (404) extending out of the outer casing (1), and the lower header (403) is connected with a second connection extending out of the outer casing (1) Pipe (405), the upper end of the central gas collecting pipe (3) is connected with the lower end of the upper header (402), and the lower end of the central gas collecting pipe (3) is connected with the upper end of the lower header (403). 3 . The high-efficiency shift furnace according to claim 2 , wherein a plurality of filling ports ( 13 ) are evenly distributed on the top surface of the outer distributor ( 2 ) in the circumferential direction, and each filling port ( 13 ) is provided with a The cover (14), the bottom of the upper header (402) is provided with a manhole (15) communicating with the central gas collecting pipe (3), and the manhole (15) is provided with a manhole cover (16) that can be opened and closed ), the manhole cover (16) is sealed and buckled on the manhole (15). 4. The high-efficiency shift furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, the central gas collecting pipe (3) further comprises a gradual change section (303) and an expansion section located between the gas collecting section (301) and the gas distribution section (302) section (303), the diameter of the expansion section (304) is larger than the diameter of the gas collection section (301), and the gradual change section (303) is a cone and is used to connect the gas collection section (301) and the expansion section (304). The air distribution section (302) is formed into a conical cylinder, the diameter of the upper end of the air distribution section (302) is larger than the diameter of the lower end, and the upper end of the air distribution section (302) is sealed and connected to the lower end of the expansion section (304). 5 . The high-efficiency shift furnace according to claim 1 , wherein a second blocking member ( 17 ) for blocking the catalyst from entering the central gas collecting pipe ( 3 ) is attached to the outer wall of the gas distribution section ( 302 ). 6 . 6 . The high-efficiency shift furnace according to claim 1 , wherein the outer casing ( 1 ) is provided with a purge port ( 18 ) communicating with the lower end of the buffer distribution cavity ( 5 ). The purge port ( 18 ) A cover (19) is detachably sealed and connected to the upper part.

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