CN1112460C - Method of preparing ceramic coating by laser smelting coating after metal surface plasma spray - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种金属表面等离子喷涂后激光熔覆制备陶瓷涂层的方法，该方法是先在金属表面用等离子喷涂方法制备陶瓷涂层，然后在激光照射的同时，将陶瓷粉末喷向涂层表面，对陶瓷涂层进行二次熔覆处理。用本发明的方法制备的激光熔覆陶瓷涂层，涂层内部致密、无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷，涂层厚度可达几百微米。
The invention relates to a method for preparing a ceramic coating by laser cladding after plasma spraying on a metal surface. The method is to first prepare a ceramic coating on the metal surface by plasma spraying, and then spray ceramic powder onto the coating while laser irradiation is performed. On the surface, the ceramic coating is subjected to secondary cladding treatment. The laser cladding ceramic coating prepared by the method of the invention has dense interior and no defects such as pores and cracks, and the thickness of the coating can reach hundreds of microns.
Description
本发明涉及一种金属表面等离子喷涂后激光熔覆制备陶瓷涂层的方法，属材料科学技术领域。The invention relates to a method for preparing a ceramic coating by laser cladding after plasma spraying on a metal surface, belonging to the technical field of material science.
在金属表面制备陶瓷涂层，目前已有的方法是气相沉积(包括物理气相沉积PVD和化学沉积CVD)和等离子喷涂。气相沉积存在的主要问题是沉积速度慢，涂层薄，一般只能得到几至几十微米厚度的涂层，难以实现制备热障层等涂覆目的，如1994年机械工程出版社出版的“表面涂层技术”中介绍。等离子喷涂的特点是涂覆速度快，效率高，可以达到较大厚度(几百微米至毫米级)，但存在涂层孔隙率大，涂层中陶瓷颗粒之间，涂层与基体之间结合不强(点接触或小面积粘合)等问题，涂层的耐磨性、耐蚀性和耐冲击性都受到很大限制，如1990年“表面工程”杂志，第六卷第3号的185～193页介绍。近年来，许多研究人员试图用激光重熔处理方法来改善等离子喷涂陶瓷层的质量(消除孔隙，增强结合)，但激光处理后涂层出现的裂纹问题一直没有能够解决。如“材料工艺技术”，1997年出版，第4-8页介绍。The existing methods for preparing ceramic coatings on metal surfaces are vapor deposition (including physical vapor deposition PVD and chemical deposition CVD) and plasma spraying. The main problem of vapor deposition is that the deposition rate is slow and the coating is thin. Generally, only a coating with a thickness of several to tens of microns can be obtained, and it is difficult to achieve the coating purpose of preparing a thermal barrier layer. surface coating technology". Plasma spraying is characterized by fast coating speed and high efficiency, and can reach a large thickness (hundreds of microns to millimeters), but there is a large porosity in the coating, and the bonding between ceramic particles in the coating and between the coating and the substrate Not strong (point contact or small area bonding), etc., the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and impact resistance of the coating are greatly limited, such as the "Surface Engineering" magazine in 1990, Volume VI, No. 3 Introduction on pages 185-193. In recent years, many researchers have attempted to use laser remelting to improve the quality of plasma sprayed ceramic layers (eliminate pores and enhance bonding), but the problem of cracks in the coating after laser treatment has not been able to be resolved. Such as "Material Process Technology", published in 1997, introduced on pages 4-8.
本发明的目的是研究一种金属表面等离子喷涂后激光熔覆制备陶瓷涂层的方法，在金属基体表面制备连续、致密、无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷，厚度可以达到几百微米至毫米级的高质量陶瓷涂层，并且用较高的涂覆效率制备大面积涂层。与传统的气相沉积方法相比，涂层厚度要有很大提高(提高一个数量级)，不仅能达到耐磨、耐蚀目的，而且能达到作热障涂层的要求。与等离子喷涂方法相比，涂层质量要有很大提高，涂层中不能有孔隙等缺陷，涂层结构从烧结型变为结晶型，结合强度得到大大提高，同时不减小涂层厚度。The purpose of the present invention is to study a method for preparing a ceramic coating by laser cladding after plasma spraying on the metal surface, to prepare a continuous, dense, non-porous and crack-free defect on the surface of the metal substrate, and the thickness can reach a height of several hundred microns to millimeters. High-quality ceramic coatings, and prepare large-area coatings with high coating efficiency. Compared with the traditional vapor deposition method, the thickness of the coating should be greatly improved (increased by an order of magnitude), which can not only achieve the purpose of wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but also meet the requirements of thermal barrier coating. Compared with the plasma spraying method, the quality of the coating should be greatly improved, there should be no defects such as pores in the coating, the coating structure will change from sintered to crystalline, and the bonding strength will be greatly improved without reducing the coating thickness.
本发明金属表面等离子喷涂后激光熔覆制备陶瓷涂层的方法，包括如下各步骤：The method for preparing a ceramic coating by laser cladding after plasma spraying on the metal surface of the present invention comprises the following steps:
第一步，对金属表面(可以是变形铝合金，铸造铝合金，钢等各种适合于进行热喷涂、等离子喷涂的金属)进行清洗(去油)和喷砂(毛化)。The first step is to clean (degrease) and sandblast (texture) the metal surface (which can be deformed aluminum alloy, cast aluminum alloy, steel and other metals suitable for thermal spraying and plasma spraying).
第二步，用火焰喷涂方法制备打底层(常规工艺，打底层材料一般可用镍包铝)，起增强结合和缓冲作用，以利于陶瓷涂层附着在金属基体上并避免涂层开裂。打底层厚度为30～60微米。The second step is to prepare the primer layer by flame spraying method (conventional process, the primer layer material can generally be nickel-clad aluminum), which plays a role of strengthening bonding and buffering, so as to facilitate the adhesion of the ceramic coating to the metal substrate and avoid coating cracking. The thickness of the primer layer is 30-60 microns.
第三步，用等离子喷涂方法制备陶瓷涂层(涂层材料为氧化物陶瓷：如Al2O3.SiO2.Al2O3+TiO2等)，厚度为50～100微米。In the third step, a ceramic coating is prepared by plasma spraying (the coating material is oxide ceramics: such as Al 2 O 3 .SiO 2 .Al 2 O 3 +TiO 2 , etc.), with a thickness of 50-100 microns.
第四步，在激光照射的同时，将陶瓷粉未喷向上述涂层表面，对陶瓷涂层进行二次熔覆处理。在送粉法激光熔覆过程中，在适当的激光功率密度(1～10×104W/cm2)、扫描速度(3～30mm/s)、送粉角度(45～70°)、粉嘴离基体距离(5～15mm)，送粉速度(0.5～10g/min)等条件下，陶瓷粉穿越激光束，与激光束相互作用产生等离子弧，在激光和等离子弧的联合作用下，在光斑位置形成陶瓷涂层。In the fourth step, while the laser is irradiating, the ceramic powder is not sprayed on the surface of the above-mentioned coating, and the ceramic coating is subjected to secondary cladding treatment. In the laser cladding process of powder feeding method, in the appropriate laser power density (1~10×10 4 W/cm 2 ), scanning speed (3~30mm/s), powder feeding angle (45~70°), powder Under the conditions of the distance between the nozzle and the substrate (5-15mm) and the powder feeding speed (0.5-10g/min), the ceramic powder passes through the laser beam and interacts with the laser beam to generate a plasma arc. Under the combined action of the laser and the plasma arc, the The spot position forms a ceramic coating.
应用本发明的制备方法，可以实现在包括难于用激光熔覆的铝合金在内的金属表面涂覆陶瓷涂层，而且涂层内部致密、无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷，涂层质量优于已有的各种陶瓷涂覆工艺所能获得的质量。涂层厚度可达几百微米，大于已有的各种陶瓷涂覆工艺所能获得的厚度。By applying the preparation method of the present invention, it is possible to coat ceramic coatings on metal surfaces including aluminum alloys that are difficult to clad with lasers, and the interior of the coating is dense, free of defects such as pores and cracks, and the coating quality is better than existing The quality that can be obtained by various ceramic coating processes. The thickness of the coating can reach hundreds of microns, which is greater than the thickness obtained by various existing ceramic coating processes.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1是本发明的制备工艺原理图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the present invention.
图2是已有技术的等离子喷涂层表面形貌图。Fig. 2 is a view of the surface topography of the plasma sprayed coating in the prior art.
图3是已有技术激光重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷层表面形貌图。Fig. 3 is a surface topography diagram of a laser remelted plasma sprayed ceramic layer in the prior art.
图4是本发明的激光二次熔覆陶瓷层表面形貌图。Fig. 4 is a surface topography diagram of the laser secondary cladding ceramic layer of the present invention.
图5是本发明的激光二次熔覆陶瓷层的断面结构表面形貌图。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional structure surface topography diagram of the laser secondary cladding ceramic layer of the present invention.
图1中，1是金属基体，2是等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层，3是等离子弧，4是陶瓷粉未，5是激光束，6是二次熔覆陶瓷涂层。In Figure 1, 1 is the metal substrate, 2 is the plasma sprayed ceramic coating, 3 is the plasma arc, 4 is the ceramic powder, 5 is the laser beam, and 6 is the secondary cladding ceramic coating.
下面介绍本发明的实施例：Introduce the embodiment of the present invention below:
例1，金属基体：变形铝合金LY12CZ。陶瓷涂层材料：纯氧化铝粉末(METCO105SFP，含Al2O3 99.5％)，激光二次熔覆参数：激光功率2KW，光斑直径5mm(激光功率密度为1.02×104W/cm2)，扫描速度10mm/s，粉嘴距基体距离10mm，送粉角度60°，送粉量2g/min，搭接率30％。Example 1, metal substrate: deformed aluminum alloy LY12CZ. Ceramic coating material: pure alumina powder (METCO105SFP, containing 99.5% Al 2 O 3 ), laser secondary cladding parameters: laser power 2KW, spot diameter 5mm (laser power density 1.02×10 4 W/cm 2 ), The scanning speed is 10mm/s, the distance between the powder nozzle and the substrate is 10mm, the powder feeding angle is 60°, the powder feeding amount is 2g/min, and the overlapping rate is 30%.
熔覆效果见如图4和图5所示：涂层内部致密、连续、无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷，与基体结合紧密。厚度约为300微米。The cladding effect is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5: the interior of the coating is dense, continuous, free of defects such as pores and cracks, and is tightly combined with the substrate. The thickness is about 300 microns.
例2，金属基体：铸造铝合金ZL104。陶瓷材料：氧化铝和氧化钛混合粉末(60％Al2O3+40％TiO2)，激光二次熔覆参数：激光功率2.5KW，光斑直径4mm(激光功率密度1.98×104W/cm2)，扫描速度20mm/s，粉嘴距基体距离10mm，送粉角度70°，送粉量2g/min，搭接率30％。Example 2, metal substrate: cast aluminum alloy ZL104. Ceramic material: aluminum oxide and titanium oxide mixed powder (60% Al 2 O 3 +40% TiO 2 ), laser secondary cladding parameters: laser power 2.5KW, spot diameter 4mm (laser power density 1.98×10 4 W/cm 2 ), the scanning speed is 20mm/s, the distance between the powder nozzle and the substrate is 10mm, the powder feeding angle is 70°, the powder feeding amount is 2g/min, and the overlapping rate is 30%.
熔覆效果：涂层内部致密、连续、无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷，与基体结合紧密。厚度约为200微米。Cladding effect: The interior of the coating is dense, continuous, free of defects such as pores and cracks, and is tightly combined with the substrate. The thickness is about 200 microns.
例3：金属基体：碳钢。陶瓷材料：灰色氧化铝粉未(METCO101，含Al2O394％，TiO2 2.5％，SiO2 2.0％，FeO21.0％)，激光二次熔覆参数：激光功率2KW，光斑直径4mm(激光功率密度1.59×104W/cm2)，扫描速度10mm/s，粉嘴距基体距离10mm，送粉角度60°，送粉量1.5g/min，搭接率60％。Example 3: Metal substrate: carbon steel. Ceramic material: gray alumina powder (METCO101, containing Al 2 O 3 94%, TiO2 2.5%, SiO 2 2.0%, FeO 2 1.0%), laser secondary cladding parameters: laser power 2KW, spot diameter 4mm (laser The power density is 1.59×10 4 W/cm 2 ), the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the distance between the powder nozzle and the substrate is 10mm, the powder feeding angle is 60°, the powder feeding amount is 1.5g/min, and the overlapping rate is 60%.
熔覆效果：涂层内部致密、连续、无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷，与基体结合紧密。厚度约为350微米。Cladding effect: The interior of the coating is dense, continuous, free of defects such as pores and cracks, and is tightly combined with the substrate. The thickness is about 350 microns.
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