CN111211337A - A direct methanol fuel cell system - Google Patents
A direct methanol fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111211337A CN111211337A CN202010176124.0A CN202010176124A CN111211337A CN 111211337 A CN111211337 A CN 111211337A CN 202010176124 A CN202010176124 A CN 202010176124A CN 111211337 A CN111211337 A CN 111211337A
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- fuel cell
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- methanol fuel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种直接甲醇燃料电池系统，包括：保温壳体、二次电源、电热装置、燃料混合室、液泵、气泵、燃料电池电堆和水热管理装置，二次电源能够在燃料电池系统启动时为系统提供所需要的电能，待系统运行后反向为其充电，并在燃料电池发热时作为电能储存装置，燃料电池电堆是以甲醇水溶液为燃料，利用其与氧气反应产生电能。其中直接甲醇燃料电池通过由外部供给的氧气与甲醇之间的电化学反应发电，具有燃料洁净环保、电池结构简单、高比能量等特点，本系统通过将燃料电池的废热变废为宝，将耗电的传统风冷装置，改为系统保温循环散热，将燃料电池的热能储存，并进行利用，最终实现在低温环境下可长时间储存使用。
The invention discloses a direct methanol fuel cell system, comprising: a thermal insulation shell, a secondary power source, an electric heating device, a fuel mixing chamber, a liquid pump, an air pump, a fuel cell stack and a water heat management device. The battery system provides the required electrical energy for the system when it starts up, charges it in reverse after the system runs, and acts as an electrical energy storage device when the fuel cell heats up. The fuel cell stack uses methanol aqueous solution as fuel, and uses it to react with oxygen to generate electrical energy. Among them, the direct methanol fuel cell generates electricity through the electrochemical reaction between the oxygen supplied from the outside and methanol, and has the characteristics of clean and environmentally friendly fuel, simple battery structure, and high specific energy. The traditional air-cooling device that consumes electricity is changed to system heat preservation and circulation heat dissipation, and the thermal energy of the fuel cell is stored and utilized, and finally it can be stored and used for a long time in a low temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a direct methanol fuel cell system which can be used in a low-temperature environment.
Background
The current commonly used secondary rechargeable batteries are mainly lead-acid storage batteries, lithium ion batteries and the like, and due to the characteristics of the batteries, the performance and capacity of the batteries can be obviously reduced in a low-temperature environment, for example, under the environment below 0 ℃, the charging and discharging capacity and voltage of the lithium batteries can be rapidly reduced, the capacity can be reduced by about 20%, when the temperature reaches minus 10 ℃, the capacity is only about half of the capacity under the normal-temperature condition, the batteries can be used under the environment below minus 20 ℃, permanent damage can be caused to the lithium batteries, the service life of the lithium batteries is further reduced, the migration of lithium ions in the low-temperature environment is reduced, and the low-temperature environment can cause the precipitation of lithium metal with high specific surface area, so that the lithium ion batteries are invalid, and even safety problems are brought.
Because the existing secondary rechargeable battery is difficult to use in cold environment, great inconvenience is brought to production and life of people in cold regions, for example, communication equipment has short endurance, automobiles are difficult to start, the service life of batteries of electric vehicles is short, and tasks under extreme cold weather conditions such as certain military affairs and scientific research cannot be completed.
Therefore, how to provide a direct methanol fuel cell system that can be used in a low temperature environment is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a direct methanol fuel cell system, which can be used in a low temperature environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a direct methanol fuel cell system comprising: the device comprises a heat preservation shell, a secondary power supply, an electric heating device, a fuel mixing chamber, a liquid pump, an air pump, a fuel cell stack and a water heat management device, wherein the electric heating device is used for heating the fuel mixing chamber, the liquid pump is used for providing methanol fuel for the fuel cell stack, the air pump is used for supplying air for the fuel cell stack, the water heat management device is used for recovering water generated by the cathode of the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is used for charging the secondary power supply.
Preferably, the heat preservation shell comprises a metal supporting layer, a heat preservation and insulation middle layer and a heat storage inner layer.
Preferably, the hydrothermal management device comprises a condenser, and the condenser is arranged on the heat preservation middle layer.
Preferably, a heat conduction bridge is arranged in the heat preservation shell and used for connecting the condenser with the metal supporting layer when the temperature in the system is higher than a preset high-temperature threshold value, or separating the condenser from the metal supporting layer when the temperature in the system is lower than a preset low-temperature threshold value.
Preferably, the housing is a metal shell.
Preferably, a phase change material with heat absorption, heat storage and heat release functions is arranged in the heat storage inner layer.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
the invention provides a direct methanol fuel cell system, comprising: the fuel cell stack is a direct methanol fuel cell stack which takes methanol aqueous solution as fuel and generates electric energy by reacting with oxygen. The direct methanol fuel cell generates electricity through the electrochemical reaction between oxygen and methanol supplied from the outside, has the characteristics of clean and environment-friendly fuel, simple cell structure, high specific energy and the like, changes the waste heat of the fuel cell into valuable, changes the traditional air cooling device with power consumption into a system heat-preservation circulating heat dissipation device, stores and utilizes the heat energy of the fuel cell, and finally realizes long-time storage and use in a low-temperature environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct methanol fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a direct methanol fuel cell system entering an operating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flow of entering a standby mode of a direct methanol fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
the device comprises a metal supporting layer 1, a heat preservation and insulation middle layer 2, a heat storage inner layer 3, a heat conduction bridge 4, a water heat management device 5, a fuel cell stack 6, an air pump 7, a liquid pump 8, an electric heating device 9, a fuel mixing chamber 10 and a secondary power supply 11.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct methanol fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a direct methanol fuel cell system, which comprises a hardware system and a software control system, wherein the hardware system comprises: the fuel cell stack 6 is a direct methanol fuel cell stack 6 which takes methanol aqueous solution as fuel and generates electric energy by reacting with oxygen. The software control system relies on the core control circuit to issue instructions to other hardware of the system, and the core circuit is characterized in that the operating state parameters of the system are collected, the software control system associates the environmental conditions with the operating state and controls the operating mode of the whole system, so that the fuel cell system can be independently stored and operated in an unattended low-temperature environment. The direct methanol fuel cell generates electricity through the electrochemical reaction between oxygen and methanol supplied from the outside, has the characteristics of clean and environment-friendly fuel, simple cell structure, high specific energy and the like, changes the waste heat of the fuel cell into valuable, changes the traditional air cooling device with power consumption into a system heat-preservation circulating heat dissipation device, stores and utilizes the heat energy of the fuel cell, and finally realizes long-time storage and use in a low-temperature environment.
When an operator starts the system and can detect that external output exists, the system enters an operation mode, as shown in a software flow diagram of fig. 2, firstly, the electric quantity of a secondary power supply 11 is detected, when the electric quantity of the secondary power supply 11 is sufficient, the secondary power supply 11 is preferentially used for supplying power to the outside, when the electric quantity of the secondary power supply 11 is insufficient, a liquid pump 8 is started to supply methanol fuel to a fuel cell stack 6, an air pump 7 is started to supply air to the fuel cell stack 6 to drive the stack 6 to generate power, the stack 6 charges the secondary power supply 11 while supplying power to the outside until the secondary power supply 11 is full, then the air pump 7 and the liquid pump 8 are closed to close the stack, the secondary power supply 11 is reused for supplying power to the outside, the operation is circulated in such a way, the stack can generate more heat in the working process of the system, the temperature of the system can continuously rise, wherein a, to ensure an appropriate temperature inside the system.
When no external load is connected, the fuel cell system enters a standby mode, as shown in a software flow diagram of fig. 3, the whole system is in a sleep state, only the core control circuit operates in a low power consumption mode, and the temperature inside the system and the electric quantity of the secondary power supply 11 are continuously detected, and the temperature test points mainly comprise the fuel cell stack 6, the fuel mixing chamber 10 and the ambient temperature inside the system.
In a standby state, the temperature in the system is slowly reduced along with the long-time low-temperature environment, the electric heating device 9 is characterized in that the electric energy can be used for generating heat, a heating belt of the electric heating device 9 is positioned below the fuel mixing chamber 10, for heating the methanol fuel in the fuel mixing chamber 10, transferring heat to the fuel cell stack 6 by fuel circulation, enabling the stack 6 to maintain temperature, and can quickly reach a high power state when power generation is needed, the fuel utilization rate of the system is improved, when the temperature of one of the above several main test points is reduced to the lower limit set value, the core control circuit will detect the electric quantity of the secondary power supply 11, if the secondary power supply 11 has enough electricity, the electric heating device 9 is started to heat the solution in the mixing chamber, and starting a liquid pump 8 to bring heat into the fuel cell stack 6 until the temperature rises to a set upper temperature limit value or the electric quantity of a secondary power supply 11 is insufficient; if the electric quantity of the secondary power supply 11 is insufficient, the fuel cell stack 6 is directly started to generate electricity, the secondary power supply 11 is charged and the system is heated until the electric quantity of the secondary power supply 11 reaches an electric quantity upper limit set value, if the secondary power supply 11 is fully charged, but the system temperature does not reach a temperature upper limit set value, the electric heating device 9 is started to heat the solution in the mixing chamber 10, and the liquid pump 8 is started to bring the heat into the fuel cell stack 6 until the temperature rises to the upper limit set value or the electric quantity of the secondary power supply 11 is insufficient.
Specifically, the heat preservation shell comprises a metal supporting layer 1, a heat preservation and insulation middle layer 2 and a heat storage inner layer 3, wherein a phase-change material with heat absorption, heat storage and heat release functions is arranged in the heat storage inner layer 3. The heat storage inner layer 3 can absorb heat and store the heat when the system runs or is self-heated, when the system is in a standby mode, along with the heat loss of the system, the heat of the heat storage inner layer 3 can be slowly released, and meanwhile, the heat insulation middle layer 2 can prevent the heat loss to the maximum extent.
The heat conduction bridge 4 is arranged in the heat preservation shell, the condenser is arranged in the heat preservation and insulation middle layer 2 and is connected with the metal supporting layer 1 of the shell through the heat conduction bridge 4, the heat conduction bridge 4 is composed of a heat conduction copper pipe, when the temperature in the system is higher than a preset high-temperature threshold value, the heat storage inner layer 3 can absorb heat and slowly saturate, the temperature in the system is increased, the heat is not beneficial to the recovery of water generated by a cathode by the water heat management device 5, at the moment, the heat conduction bridge 4 connects the condenser with the metal supporting layer 1 to realize rapid condensation so as to realize the recovery of cathode water, and the volume of the air cooling device is reduced due to the large heat dissipation area of the shell and the low external environment temperature, so that the; when the internal temperature of the system is lower than a preset low-temperature threshold value, the heat conduction bridge 4 is separated from the metal supporting layer 1, so that the internal heat loss of the system is reduced.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The above description provides a direct methanol fuel cell system according to the present invention. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A direct methanol fuel cell system, comprising: the device comprises a heat preservation shell, a secondary power supply, an electric heating device, a fuel mixing chamber, a liquid pump, an air pump, a fuel cell stack and a water heat management device, wherein the electric heating device is used for heating the fuel mixing chamber, the liquid pump is used for providing methanol fuel for the fuel cell stack, the air pump is used for supplying air for the fuel cell stack, the water heat management device is used for recovering water generated by the cathode of the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is used for charging the secondary power supply.
2. The direct methanol fuel cell system of claim 1 wherein the insulated housing comprises a metal support layer, an insulating middle layer, and a heat storage inner layer.
3. The direct methanol fuel cell system of claim 2 wherein the water heat management device comprises a condenser mounted in the thermal middle layer.
4. The direct methanol fuel cell system of claim 3 wherein the thermal insulation housing has a thermal bridge configured to couple the condenser to the metal support layer when the temperature inside the system is above a predetermined high temperature threshold or decouple the condenser from the metal support layer when the temperature inside the system is below a predetermined low temperature threshold.
5. The direct methanol fuel cell system of claim 4 wherein the outer casing is a metal casing.
6. The direct methanol fuel cell system of claim 2 wherein the heat storage inner layer is provided with a phase change material having heat absorption, heat storage and heat release functions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010176124.0A CN111211337B (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Direct methanol fuel cell system |
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| CN202010176124.0A CN111211337B (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Direct methanol fuel cell system |
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| CN111211337A true CN111211337A (en) | 2020-05-29 |
| CN111211337B CN111211337B (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113506891A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-15 | 大连海事大学 | A Modular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System |
| CN114551933A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-05-27 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | A fuel cell assembly with liquid hydrogen evaporation recovery |
| CN114597453A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A thermal standby operation control method of a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system, a storage medium, and an electronic device |
| CN114649543A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A thermal management device for direct methanol fuel cell power system |
| CN114914479A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-16 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen evaporation recovery system for fuel cell |
Families Citing this family (1)
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| DE102021209603A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-02 | Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh | Device for dehumidifying a fluid in a fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
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| CN114597453A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A thermal standby operation control method of a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system, a storage medium, and an electronic device |
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| CN114551933A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-05-27 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | A fuel cell assembly with liquid hydrogen evaporation recovery |
| CN114914479A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-16 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen evaporation recovery system for fuel cell |
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Inventor after: Xing Wei Inventor after: Liu Shiwei Inventor after: Wang Chen Inventor after: Hou Shuai Inventor after: Zhang Hong Inventor after: Li Chenyang Inventor after: Lu Changbo Inventor after: Zhou Youjie Inventor after: Xu Wanli Inventor after: Liu Changpeng Inventor after: Ge Junjie Inventor after: Jin Zhao Inventor after: Liang Liang Inventor before: Xing Wei Inventor before: Zhang Hong Inventor before: Li Chenyang Inventor before: Liu Changpeng Inventor before: Ge Junjie Inventor before: Jin Zhao Inventor before: Liang Liang Inventor before: Liu Shiwei Inventor before: Wang Chen Inventor before: Hou Shuai |
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Effective date of registration: 20250704 Address after: 102300 No. 1 Yuan, Dongjie Street, Sanjiadian, Mentougou District, Beijing Patentee after: Institute of Military New Energy Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences Country or region after: China Address before: 130022 Changchun people's street, Jilin, No. 5625 Patentee before: CHANGCHUN INSTITUTE OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Country or region before: China |