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CN111211299A - A kind of positive electrode material of modified lithium ion battery coated with strong electronegativity organic matter layer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of positive electrode material of modified lithium ion battery coated with strong electronegativity organic matter layer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111211299A
CN111211299A CN202010015604.9A CN202010015604A CN111211299A CN 111211299 A CN111211299 A CN 111211299A CN 202010015604 A CN202010015604 A CN 202010015604A CN 111211299 A CN111211299 A CN 111211299A
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lithium ion
ion battery
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electrode material
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CN111211299B (en
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韦伟峰
陈敏健
马骋
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Shenzhen Guotuo Intelligent Machinery Co Ltd
Central South University
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包覆强电负性有机物层改性锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法；属于高性能电池开发技术领域。所述锂离子电池正极材料上包覆有有机螯合材料；且有机螯合材料上的配位体与正极材料表面接触；所述有机螯合材料由乙酰乙酸甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、丙烯酸‑2‑氰乙酯、4‑乙烯基吡啶、N‑乙烯基甲酰胺、甲基丙烯酸氰乙酯、N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺中至少一种聚合而成。其制备方法为：将按设计组分配取的有机螯合材料的单体和锂离子电池正极材料粉末置于液体中混合均匀后，经聚合反应和/或缩合反应，经干燥处理后，得到包覆强电负性有机物层改性锂离子电池正极材料。本发明电池材料组分设计合理、制备工艺简单可控，所得产品性能优良，便于大规模的工业化应用。The invention relates to a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery modified by a layer of strongly electronegative organic matter and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of high-performance battery development. The positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery is coated with an organic chelating material; and the ligands on the organic chelating material are in contact with the surface of the positive electrode material; It is obtained by polymerizing at least one of ‑2‑cyanoethyl ester, 4‑vinylpyridine, N‑vinylformamide, cyanoethyl methacrylate, and N‑isopropylacrylamide. The preparation method is as follows: after the monomer of the organic chelating material and the positive electrode material powder of the lithium ion battery, which are distributed according to the design composition, are placed in a liquid and mixed uniformly, after polymerization reaction and/or condensation reaction, and after drying treatment, the package is obtained. Cathode material for lithium ion battery modified with strong electronegative organic layer. The battery material of the invention has reasonable component design, simple and controllable preparation process, and the obtained product has excellent performance and is convenient for large-scale industrial application.

Description

Modified lithium ion battery positive electrode material coated with strong electronegative organic matter layer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic layer and a preparation method thereof; belongs to the technical field of high-performance battery development.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high working voltage, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like, and becomes an energy storage medium with the greatest prospect and the greatest potential. Currently, the development of novel high-voltage positive electrode materials, such as lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode materials, is an effective means for improving the energy density and power density of lithium ion batteries. However, under high voltage, serious side reactions occur between the electrolyte and the surface of the positive electrode material, the dissolution rate of transition metal ions in the positive electrode material is increased, and the irreversible loss of the transition metal ions causes the instability of the positive electrode active material structure, thereby affecting the electrochemical performance of the high voltage positive electrode material. And the dissolved transition metal ions are deposited on the surface of the negative electrode through the electrolyte, so that the oxidative decomposition of lithium salt and solvent molecules and the consumption of lithium are catalyzed, and the solid electrolyte interface on the negative electrode side is damaged, so that the impedance of the battery is increased, and irreversible capacity attenuation is caused.
At present, in order to solve the problem of the dissolution of transition metal ions, a surface coating method is generally adopted to improve the electrochemical performance of the cathode material, such as carbon materials and inorganic materials. However, under high temperature and high voltage, the carbon material or inorganic material coating layer falls off due to the excessive volume expansion and contraction change of the active material lattice, the dissolution of the positive active material in the electrolyte is still serious, the coating layer with single function can not simultaneously realize the dissolution and deposition of transition metal ions and the protection of the structure transformation of the positive active material, and the battery cycle performance is not greatly improved.
Therefore, in view of the above, it is necessary to provide a multifunctional surface coating material for a high voltage positive electrode material by modifying the surface of the positive electrode material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-voltage positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the high-voltage positive electrode material and an organic chelate layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode material. The invention is realized by the following scheme.
The invention relates to a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; the lithium ion battery anode material is coated with an organic chelating material; and the ligand on the organic chelating material is contacted with the surface of the anode material; the organic chelating material is polymerized by at least one of acetoacetic acid glycol methacrylate, acrylic acid-2-cyanoethyl ester, 4-vinylpyridine, acrylonitrile, N-vinylformamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-isopropyl acrylamide.
The invention relates to a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; the coating mass fraction of the organic chelating material is 1-50 wt%. Among them, the coating mass fraction of the organic chelate material is preferably 1 to 10 wt%, more preferably 1 to 5 wt%, and still more preferably 1 to 3 wt%. The method for calculating the coating mass fraction comprises the following steps: mass of organic chelating material monomer/mass of lithium ion battery positive electrode material 100%.
The invention relates to a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; when the anode material of the lithium ion battery is LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2When the current is over; the monomer of the organic chelating material used is preferably acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; the monomer of the organic chelating material and the lithium ion battery anode material powder which are distributed and taken according to the design group are placed in liquid to be uniformly mixed, and then the modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with the strong electronegative organic layer is obtained after polymerization reaction and/or condensation reaction and drying treatment.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; the monomer of the organic chelating material and the lithium ion battery anode material powder which are distributed and taken according to the design group are placed in anhydrous liquid to be uniformly mixed, then an initiator is added, polymerization reaction and/or condensation reaction are carried out under the stirring condition, then, the liquid is removed, and the modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with the strong electronegative organic layer is obtained after drying treatment.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; the anhydrous liquid is at least one of anhydrous acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone and toluene.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; when the monomer of the organic chelating material is acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate and/or 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, the initiator is at least one selected from azodiisobutyronitrile, cyclohexanone peroxide, azodiisoheptonitrile, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and dimethyl azodiisobutyrate.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; the temperature is controlled to be 45-85 ℃ during the polymerization reaction and/or the condensation reaction.
In the invention, when the lithium ion battery anode material is LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2When the monomer of the organic chelating material is preferably acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate, the capacity retention rate of the obtained product is 87-88% after the product is subjected to charge-discharge cycle for 200 times under 1C.
The invention utilizes the polymer group on the surface of the material, realizes double functions of dissolving out and shuttling transition metal ions by adjusting the electronegative environment of the surface of the material and the action of complex metal ions, and is essentially different from the prior patent.
The method has the advantages that a layer of organic chelating material is coated on the surface of a high-voltage positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery, and the coating layer of the organic chelating material has the following three effects that 1) organic monomer materials are adopted to carry out in-situ polymerization on the surface of the positive electrode material, and the coating layer is favorable for improving the ionic conductivity of the material and the stability of an organic coating layer compared with the condition that the coating layer is directly coated by high polymer organic materials, 2) groups (such as carbonyl, cyano-group, pyridine, β -diketone, β -ketoester, amide group and the like) on organic matters and transition metal ions on the surface of the positive electrode material form metal organic ligands by utilizing the ion-dipole interaction, so that a strong electronegative environment is formed on the surface of the positive electrode material, the surface transition metal ions are converted to a high valence state in the lithium removal process under the charge balance effect, the oxygen loss reaction on the surface of the material is reduced, the stability of the positive electrode material is improved, 3) the side reaction of contact between the positive electrode material and electrolyte under high temperature and high voltage is effectively inhibited, the dissolution of the transition metal ions is effectively inhibited, 4) the functional groups with the chelating function on the fixation of the dissolved transition metal ions, and the inhibition of the double dissolution of the lithium ion deposition of the.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is LiNi in example 10.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images before coating;
FIG. 2 shows LiNi in example 10.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2A post-coating Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image;
FIG. 3 is LiNi in comparative example 10.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2A post-coating Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image;
FIG. 4 is an electrical property characterization chart of the products obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is an electrical property characterization chart of the product obtained in example 2;
FIG. 6 is an electrical property characterization chart of the product obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Accurately weighing 0.1g of acetoacetic acid-methacrylic acid glycol ester and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Dissolving 5g of the organic coating in 25ml of anhydrous acetonitrile, stirring the mixture for 1h at 60 ℃ under the protection of argon, adding 0.001g of azodiisobutyronitrile initiator into the mixed solution, continuously stirring the mixture for 4h at 60 ℃, collecting the organic coating powder by using a rotary evaporator, and drying the organic coating powder for 12h in vacuum to obtain a sample with the coating amount of 2 wt%.
0.16g of the obtained sample and the starting material were weighed and mixed with 0.02g of conductive carbon, respectivelyBlack and 0.02g PVDF were mixed in a planetary mixer for 6min, and 500. mu.L NMP was added to prepare a slurry of a certain viscosity. Coating the prepared slurry on aluminum foil, drying at 80 ℃ in a vacuum oven, and making into electrode slice with diameter of 12mm by a puncher, using LiTFSI/LiBOB/LiPF6The mol ratio is 6: a2016 coin cell is assembled by an electrolyte solution with a solvent of EC/EMC (EC/EMC, and the mass ratio of EC to EMC is 4: 6), the charge-discharge voltage range is 3-4.3V, and the charge-discharge cycle under 1C is measured.
Through detection, a scanning electron microscope image before the coating of the layered ternary cathode material of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and a scanning electron microscope image after the coating is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from a test result that the method can realize the uniform coating of the organic material on the cathode material. Fig. 4 shows a cycle curve diagram of a lithium ion battery made of the coated layered ternary material of the embodiment, in which the capacity retention rate of 200 cycles of the original material is 65.4%, and the capacity retention rate of 200 cycles of the coated material is 87.6%.
Comparative example 1
The other condition parameters were identical to the coating cases in example 1, except that:
accurately weighing 0.1g of acetoacetic acid-methacrylic acid glycol ester and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O25g of the total weight of the mixture; firstly, dissolving acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate in 25ml of anhydrous acetonitrile, then adding 0.001g of azodiisobutyronitrile initiator, and stirring for 1 hour; adding the prepared LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(ii) a After stirring at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, the organically coated powder was collected using a rotary evaporator and dried in vacuo for 12 hours.
Through detection, a scanning electron microscope image of the layered ternary cathode material of the comparative example after organic coating is shown in fig. 3, and compared with example 1, the organic coating obtained by the comparative example is poor in uniformity. The cycle curve of the lithium ion battery made of the coated layered ternary material is shown in fig. 4, and the capacity retention rate of the obtained product at 200 circles is 75%.
Example 2
Accurately weighing 0.15g of acrylic acid-2-cyanoethyl ester and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O25g and 0.001g of azobisisobutyronitrile are dissolved in 25ml of anhydrous acetonitrile, stirred for 1h at 60 ℃ under the protection of argon, 0.001g of azobisisobutyronitrile initiator is added into the mixed solution, stirred for 4h at 60 ℃, then the organic coated powder is collected by a rotary evaporator, and dried for 12h in vacuum, thus obtaining a sample with the coating amount of 3 wt%.
0.16g of the obtained sample and the original material are weighed, 0.02g of conductive carbon black and 0.02g of PVDF are respectively added, mixed for 6min in a planetary mixer, and then 500 mu L NMP is added to prepare slurry with certain viscosity. Coating the prepared slurry on an aluminum foil, drying the aluminum foil in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃, then preparing an electrode slice with the diameter of 12mm by using a puncher, and preparing 1mol/L LiPF6(the solvent is EC/EMC, the mass ratio is 3: 7) the electrolyte is used as the electrolyte to assemble 2016 type button cells, the charging and discharging voltage ranges from 3V to 4.3V, and the charging and discharging cycle under 1C is measured.
Through detection, a cycle curve diagram of the lithium ion battery made of the organically-coated layered ternary material of the embodiment is shown in fig. 5, the capacity retention rate of the original material at 150 turns is 70.1%, the average coulombic efficiency is 96.13%, the capacity retention rate of the coated material at 150 turns is 82.1%, and the average coulombic efficiency is 99.56%.
Embodiment 3
Accurately weighing 0.15g of acrylonitrile and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Dissolving 5g of the organic coating in 25ml of tetrahydrofuran, stirring for 1h at 60 ℃ under the protection of argon, adding 0.001g of azobisisobutyronitrile initiator into the mixed solution, continuing stirring for 4h at 60 ℃, collecting the organic coating powder by using a rotary evaporator, and drying for 12h in vacuum to obtain a sample with the coating amount of 3 wt%.
0.16g of the obtained sample and the original material are weighed, 0.02g of conductive carbon black and 0.02g of PVDF are respectively added, mixed for 6min in a planetary mixer, and then 500 mu L NMP is added to prepare slurry with certain viscosity. Coating the prepared slurry on an aluminum foil, drying the aluminum foil in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃, then preparing an electrode slice with the diameter of 12mm by using a puncher, and preparing 1mol/L LiPF6(the solvent is EC/EMC, the mass ratio is 3: 7) as electrolyteThe battery is packed into 2016 type button cell, the charging and discharging voltage ranges from 3V to 4.3V, and the charging and discharging cycle under 1C is measured.
Through detection, a cycle curve diagram of the lithium ion battery made of the organically-coated layered ternary material of the embodiment is shown in fig. 6, the capacity retention rate of the original material at 150 turns is 70.1%, the average coulombic efficiency is 96.13%, the capacity retention rate of the coated material at 150 turns is 82.3%, and the average coulombic efficiency is 98.36%.

Claims (9)

1. A modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with a strong electronegative organic substance layer; the method is characterized in that: the lithium ion battery anode material is coated with an organic chelating material; and the ligand on the organic chelating material is contacted with the surface of the anode material; the organic chelating material is polymerized by at least one of acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate, acrylic acid-2-cyanoethyl ester, 4-vinylpyridine, N-vinylformamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-isopropyl acrylamide.
2. The positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery modified by the coating strong electronegative organic substance layer according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the coating mass fraction of the organic chelating material is 1-50 wt%. Among them, the coating mass fraction of the organic chelate material is preferably 1 to 10 wt%, more preferably 1 to 5 wt%, and still more preferably 1 to 3 wt%.
3. The positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery modified by the coating strong electronegative organic substance layer according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: when the anode material of the lithium ion battery is LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2When the current is over; the monomer of the organic chelating material used is preferably acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate.
4. A method for preparing the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery modified by coating the strong electronegative organic substance layer according to any one of claims 1 to 3; the method is characterized in that: the monomer of the organic chelating material and the lithium ion battery anode material powder which are distributed and taken according to the design group are placed in liquid to be uniformly mixed, and then the modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with the strong electronegative organic layer is obtained after polymerization reaction and/or condensation reaction and drying treatment.
5. The preparation method of the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery modified by the strong electronegative organic layer according to claim 4; the method is characterized in that: the monomer of the organic chelating material and the lithium ion battery anode material powder which are distributed and taken according to the design group are placed in anhydrous liquid to be uniformly mixed, then an initiator is added, polymerization reaction and/or condensation reaction are carried out under the stirring condition, then, the liquid is removed, and the modified lithium ion battery anode material coated with the strong electronegative organic layer is obtained after drying treatment.
6. The preparation method of the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery modified by the strong electronegative organic layer coating according to claim 5; the method is characterized in that: the anhydrous liquid is at least one of anhydrous acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone and toluene.
7. The preparation method of the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery modified by the strong electronegative organic layer according to claim 4; the method is characterized in that: when the monomer of the organic chelating material is acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate and/or 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, the initiator is at least one selected from azodiisobutyronitrile, cyclohexanone peroxide, azodiisoheptonitrile, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and dimethyl azodiisobutyrate.
8. The preparation method of the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery modified by the strong electronegative organic layer according to claim 4; the method is characterized in that: the polymerization and/or condensation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 45 to 85 ℃ and preferably 55 to 65 ℃.
9. Preparation of positive electrode material for lithium ion battery modified by coating strong electronegative organic substance layer according to claim 7A method; the method is characterized in that: when the anode material of the lithium ion battery is LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2When the monomer of the organic chelating material is preferably acetoacetic acid ethylene glycol methacrylate, the capacity retention rate of the obtained product is 87-88% after the product is subjected to charge-discharge cycle for 200 times under 1C.
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Cited By (7)

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CN113451568A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-09-28 五邑大学 Preparation method of ester organic matter in-situ coated high-nickel cathode material
CN114784283A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-07-22 深圳市德方纳米科技股份有限公司 Coated positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114927689A (en) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-19 深圳市德方纳米科技股份有限公司 Positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN116750802A (en) * 2023-08-21 2023-09-15 中节能万润股份有限公司 Preparation method and application of layered oxide sodium ion battery cathode material
CN117913234A (en) * 2023-12-27 2024-04-19 中南大学 Composite organic layer coated positive electrode active material and its preparation and application
CN118248927A (en) * 2023-12-28 2024-06-25 深圳市固易能科技有限责任公司 High-temperature-resistant long-service-life lithium ion or sodium ion battery and preparation method thereof
EP4439736A1 (en) * 2023-03-31 2024-10-02 Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd. Secondary battery and electronic apparatus

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