CN111202737A - 雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物在制备治疗自身性免疫疾病药物的应用 - Google Patents
雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物在制备治疗自身性免疫疾病药物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111202737A CN111202737A CN202010202188.3A CN202010202188A CN111202737A CN 111202737 A CN111202737 A CN 111202737A CN 202010202188 A CN202010202188 A CN 202010202188A CN 111202737 A CN111202737 A CN 111202737A
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学和药物治疗学领域,涉及一种雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物在制备治疗自身性免疫疾病药物的应用,
背景技术
自身性免疫疾病(Autoimmune diseases,AD)是指机体对自身抗原发生免疫反应而导致自身组织损害所引起的疾病,是一种新兴的非传染性疾病之一,严重危害着人类健康,成为人类的第三大致病、致死原因,仅次于心脏病和癌症。常见的AD有类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid arithritis)、系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupuserythematosus)、多发性硬化症(Multiple sclerosis)等。目前,免疫抑制剂(immunosuppressive agent)是临床上治疗AD的主要药物。大多数有代表性的免疫抑制药物均是由微生物次生代谢产物开发而成的,例如环孢菌素A、雷帕霉素、他克莫司等。尽管上述免疫抑制剂对器官移植和自身免疫疾病具有令人满意的治疗效果,但其严重的的副作用如肾或肝毒性、感染、恶性肿瘤和其他不良反应限制了其临床应用。故寻找和开发低毒、高效的免疫抑制药物,是当今医药学界的一项重大课题。
雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.)是卫矛科雷公藤属植物,具有清热解毒、祛风通络、舒筋活血等功效,用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、肾炎、红斑狼疮、血小板减少性紫癜等。在中国,单一草药制剂“雷公藤片”已在临床上治疗自身免疫性疾病,如系统性红斑狼疮,皮肌炎和类风湿性关节炎等达半个世纪之久。雷公藤红素(celastrol)是一种木栓烷三萜类化合物,是雷公藤中主要活性成分之一,具有多种生物活性,包括抗炎,抗癌,治疗肥胖,抗真菌及抗病毒等活性。近年来,celastrol被证明可通过抑制T细胞增殖以及Th17细胞的激活,从而发挥免疫抑制作用,是一种全新结构类型的免疫抑制剂。但其毒性和狭窄的安全治疗范围限制了其临床应用。因此,减小雷公藤木栓烷类化合物的毒副作用,提高活性,即“减毒增效”,具有重要意义。
发明内容
发明人通过刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导脾细胞分化模型评估雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物的免疫抑制活性及细胞毒性,雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物对T细胞的IC50值显著强于雷公藤红素(IC50=0.104μM)和甲氨蝶呤(IC50=0.126μM),且毒性比雷公藤红素(CC50值为0.131μM)及甲氨蝶呤(CC50值为1.48μM)弱,雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物的刺激指数高于雷公藤红素和甲氨蝶呤。研究表明雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物可通过促进T细胞的凋亡及调节Lck和ZAP-70介导的信号通路减少免疫细胞因子分泌,影响T细胞的激活与功能,从而发挥免疫抑制作用。发明人进一步采用胶原诱导性关节炎小鼠模型进行体内抗类风湿性关节炎研究,雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物效果显著优于甲氨蝶呤。综上,雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物高效低毒,可以作为新型高效低毒的免疫抑制剂,具有治疗自身性免疫疾病尤其是类风湿性关节炎前景。
本发明的目的在于提供式Ⅲ所示的雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗自身性免疫疾病药物中的应用,
R选自C1~C6直链或支链饱和或不饱和烷基。
具体的,R选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基;优选的,R选自甲基、乙基。
所述的自身性免疫疾病为类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于治疗自身性免疫疾病的药物,包含有效治疗剂量的式Ⅲ所示的雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料。
所述的药物为通过添加药学上可接受的辅料,将雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐制备成口服制剂或注射制剂。
优选的,所述的口服制剂为片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、滴丸、丸剂、口服液体制剂中的任何一种;所述的注射制剂为注射液或粉针剂。
所述的片剂为普通口服片剂、分散片、口腔崩解片或缓释片。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明首次发现雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物能够用于自身性免疫疾病尤其是类风湿性关节炎的治疗,药效学试验证实雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物能有效减轻胶原诱导的类风湿性关节炎,疗效显著,毒副作用小。
附图说明
图1为化合物Ⅰ对T细胞因子分泌的影响。
图2为化合物Ⅰ对ZAP-70级LCK蛋白表达的影响。
图3为雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物、雷公藤红素及甲氨蝶呤对小鼠踝关节病理形态的影响;其中,A为对照组,B为模型组,C为化合物Ⅰ组、D为化合物Ⅱ组,E为甲氨蝶呤组。
具体实施方式
以下是关于雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物的合成、体外免疫抑制及毒性测试研究,以及雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物体内抗胶原诱导的小鼠类风湿性关节炎药效试验研究。
试验材料
雷公藤红素购于南京春秋生物工程有限公司。PyBop,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和乙胺盐酸盐购于艾览(上海)化工科技有限公司。甲胺盐酸盐购于上海迈瑞尔化学技术有限公司。
雷公藤红素购于南京春秋生物工程有限公司。PyBop,N,N-二异丙基乙胺和乙胺盐酸盐购于艾览(上海)化工科技有限公司。甲胺盐酸盐、乙胺盐酸盐于上海迈瑞尔化学技术有限公司。
实施例1
雷公藤红素22mg(0.048mmol)溶于1mL无水DMF中,依次加入PyBop(50mg,0.096mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(20μL,0.12mmol)、甲胺盐酸盐(0.05mmol),室温反应24小时。加去离子水15ml,用乙酸乙酯萃取三遍,合并有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得到粗品。柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇)分离得到红色固体(化合物Ⅰ),收率为61%。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δH 7.00(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-6),6.99(1H,s),6.51(1H,s,H-1),6.32(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-7),5.80(1H,s,NH),2.66(3H,s,NHCH3),2.19(3H,s,H-23),1.42(3H,s,H-25),1.24(3H,s,H-26),1.14(3H,s,H-30),1.11(3H,s,H-28),0.60(3H,s,H-27);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δC 178.5(C-2),178.3(C-29),170.4(C-8),164.8(C-10),146.0(C-3),134.1(C-6),127.4(C-5),119.5(C-1),118.0(C-7),117.1(C-4),45.1(C-14),44.4(C-18),43.0(C-9),40.3(C-20),39.4(C-13),38.2(C-25),36.4(C-16),35.0(C-22),33.6(C-11),33.5(C-28),31.6(C-19),31.3(C-17),30.8(C-21),30.1(C-30),29.4(C-12),28.7(C-15),26.5(NHCH3),21.7(C-26),18.1(C-27),10.3(C-23);(+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z464.3199[M+H]+(calcd for C30H42NO3,464.3159).
实施例2
雷公藤红素22mg(0.048mmol)溶于1mL无水DMF中,依次加入PyBop(50mg,0.096mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(20μL,0.12mmol)、乙胺盐酸盐(0.05mmol),室温反应24小时。加去离子水15ml,用乙酸乙酯萃取三遍,合并有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得到粗品。柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇)分离得到红色固体(化合物Ⅱ),收率为54%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δH 7.02(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-6),7.01(1H,s),6.53(1H,s),6.34(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-7),5.69(1H,s,NH),3.16(2H,m,H-1'),2.21(3H,s,H-23),1.43(3H,s,H-25),1.26(3H,s,H-26),1.15(3H,s,H-30),1.12(3H,s,H-28),0.65(3H,s,H-27);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δC 178.1(C-2),177.5(C-29),170.5(C-8),164.8(C-10),145.9(C-3),134.2(C-6),127.2(C-5),119.3(C-1),117.9(C-7),117.0(C-4),44.9(C-14),44.2(C-18),42.9(C-9),40.0(C-20),39.2(C-13),38.1(C-25),36.2(C-16),34.9(C-22),34.3(C-1'),33.7(C-11),33.4(C-28),31.5(C-19),30.9(C-17),30.7(C-21),30.0(C-30),29.3(C-12),28.5(C-15),21.6(C-26),18.2(C-27),14.5(C-2'),10.1(C-23);(+)-HRESIMS m/z478.3342[M+H]+(calcd for C31H44NO3,478.3316).
实施例3
雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物体外细胞活性研究
试验材料
CCK-8细胞存活检测试剂盒购于Dojindo Laboratories。胎牛血清和RPMI 1640培养基购自Invitrogen。甲氨蝶呤购于上海东方药品科技实验有限公司。红细胞裂解液购于江苏凯基生物技术股份有限公司。刀豆蛋白A(ConA)购于Sigma。雄性BALB/c小鼠(6-8周龄,18-25g)购自南京大学模式动物中心。
试验方法
将Balbc小鼠脱颈椎处死,与75%酒精中浸泡3分钟,分离脾脏。将脾脏研磨并过200目无菌滤网。除去细胞碎片和团块后,制备单细胞悬液。在红细胞裂解液中裂解红细胞。然后,将细胞沉淀用RPMI 1640培养基洗涤3次,并重悬于含有10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养基中。随后,将脾细胞以1×105细胞/孔的密度接种到96孔板中,并在不同浓度(0.1-100μM)的测试化合物或甲氨蝶呤存在下,加入ConA(5μg/mL)或空白培养液刺激48h。按照CCK-8检测试剂盒要求,在540nm下检测吸光度,并计算细胞存活率,得出IC50值及CC50值。
结果与讨论
实验结果见表1,化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ具有强免疫抑制活性,对T细胞的IC50值分别为0.025μM和0.031μM,抑制作用明显强于雷公藤红素(IC50=0.104μM)和甲氨蝶呤(IC50=0.126μM)。而化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ的毒性(CC50值分别为2.43μM和1.78μM)比雷公藤红素(CC50值为0.131μM)及甲氨蝶呤(CC50值为1.48μM)弱。综上,化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ的免疫抑制活性显著强于雷公藤红素及甲氨蝶呤,而毒性相较二者明显降低,从而使刺激指数显著升高,具有显著性差异。表明雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物具有高效低毒,且治疗效果优于雷公藤红素及上市药物。
表1、受试化合物免疫抑制作用及毒性
实施例4
化合物Ⅰ对T细胞因子分泌的影响研究
试验材料
胎牛血清和RPMI 1640培养基购自Invitrogen。红细胞裂解液购于江苏凯基生物技术股份有限公司。刀豆蛋白A购于Sigma。雄性BALB/c小鼠(6-8周龄,18-25g)购自南京大学模式动物中心。Elisa检测试剂盒(IL-4,IL-2和IFN-γ)购买于武汉华美生物公司。
试验方法
分离BALB/c小鼠脾细胞(具体方法同实施例3),将脾细胞以1×105细胞/孔的密度接种到96孔板中。随后,将不同浓度(0.01μM,0.1μM,1μM)的化合物Ⅰ及ConA(5μg/mL)加入相应孔中刺激48h。随后,按照试剂盒要求,收集上清液,进行检测,求得IL-4,IL-2和IFN-γ在上清液中的浓度。
结果与讨论
T细胞激活后,可大量分泌T细胞“帮助细胞因子”如IL-4,IL-2和IFN-γ等,参与T细胞介导的免疫反应。实验结果如图1,ConA可以显著促进T细胞活化并分泌IL-4,IL-2和IFN-γ。而给予较低计量的化合物Ⅰ即可明显降低上述细胞因子的分泌,提示化合物Ⅰ具有抑制T细胞活化的免疫抑制作用。
实施例5
化合物Ⅰ对ZAP-70级LCK蛋白表达的影响研究
试验材料
胎牛血清和RPMI 1640培养基购自Invitrogen。红细胞裂解液购于江苏凯基生物技术股份有限公司。刀豆蛋白A购于Sigma。雄性BALB/c小鼠(6-8周龄,18-25g)购自南京大学模式动物中心。RIPA裂解液、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒购于碧云天生物公司。ZAP-70,p-ZAP-70,LCK及p-LCK购于Abcam。β-actin,山羊抗兔二抗、山羊抗鼠二抗购于Santa Cruz。
试验方法
在ConA诱导脾细胞分化模型的基础上,采用western-blot法检测有关信号通路的表达。具体过程如下:分离BALB/c小鼠脾细胞(具体方法同实施例3),将脾细胞以1×105细胞/孔的密度接种到96孔板中。随后,将不同浓度(0,0.01μM,0.1μM,1μM)的化合物Ⅰ及ConA(5μg/mL)加入相应孔中刺激48h,以未添加化合物Ⅰ及ConA为正常对照组(control)。药物刺激结束后,弃去培养基,PBS洗2遍,加入RIPA细胞裂解液,提取细胞蛋白,用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒测定蛋白浓度,然后对稀释至合适浓度的蛋白样本进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳。然后转移至PVDF膜上在5%脱脂奶粉封闭液中室温封闭1h,加入ZAP-70/p-ZAP-70和LCK/p-LCK通路有关蛋白抗体,4℃过夜。然后,加入二抗(1:2000)室温孵育2h,采用电化学发光检测法(ECL法)显色。对条带进行灰度值分析,目标基因的蛋白表达水平根据内参基因β-actin的蛋白表达量进行校正,计算其余各组目标基因的蛋白表达量。
结果与讨论
Zeta链相关蛋白激酶(ZAP-70)仅在T细胞和自然杀伤细胞中表达,为T细胞受体(Tcell receptor,TCR)活化所必需。在TCR/CD3介导的T细胞活化信号转导通路中,ZAP-70聚集至TCR/CD3复合体处并激活,从而启动对下游接头蛋白或骨架蛋白的招募和磷酸化,引起T细胞活化。结果如图2,化合物Ⅰ可显著降低p-ZAP-70及p-LCK,进一步证实了化合物Ⅰ具有基于T细胞抑制作用的免疫抑制活性。
实施例6
雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物体内抗类风湿性关节炎研究
试验材料
SPF级雄性DBA/1J小鼠,50只,6-7周龄,购于南京大学模式动物中心。
牛属II型胶原、完全弗氏佐剂、不完全弗氏佐剂和甲氨蝶呤购于上海东方药品科技实验有限公司。
试验方法
6-7周龄50只的DBA/1J小鼠适应性喂养1周,运用SPSS软件进行随机分为对照组、模型组、化合物Ⅰ组(20mg/kg)、化合物II组(20mg/kg)和甲氨蝶呤组(20mg/kg),每组10只,除10只对照组外,其余40只小鼠进行胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)造模。将10mg牛II型胶原溶于5mL 0.01mmol/L的醋酸溶液,4℃摇床过夜,取5mL含2mg/mL的完全弗氏佐剂等体积混合,20mL注射器连接装置4℃来回抽吸2000次充分乳化,制得抗原乳剂,并置于4℃冰箱保存,备用。首次免疫于小鼠尾根部皮下注射II型胶原乳剂0.1mL,造模第21天取0.1mLII型胶原和不完全弗氏佐剂混合的乳剂进行加强免疫1次;正常组同法注射等体积生理盐水。二次免疫后第1天开始给药,受试化合物组及甲氨蝶呤组均给予0.2mL混悬液(生理盐水配制)灌胃(20mg/kg),每天1次,对照组和模型组给予0.2mL生理盐水灌胃,各组连续给药30天。随后观察小鼠足肿胀厚度及检测踝关节病理变化。
结果与讨论
(1)CIA小鼠足肿胀程度影响
造模20天后,与对照组相比,模型组、化合物Ⅰ组、化合物II组和甲氨蝶呤组小鼠均出现不同程度足掌肿胀。治疗后30天后,与模型组相比,受试化合物组和甲氨蝶呤组小鼠足掌的肿胀厚度显著降低,且受试化合物组效果明显优于甲氨蝶呤组(表2),差异有统计学意义。
表2、受试化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ对小鼠足肿胀的影响
(2)CIA小鼠踝关节病理学形态影响
治疗后30天后,小鼠踝关节常规取材、脱水、包埋、切片、HE染色。见图2,对照组小鼠的踝关节病理切片显示关节间隙正常清晰,软骨表面光滑,无明显的滑膜增生及炎症细胞的浸润;模型组小鼠踝关节显示大量炎症细胞的浸润和滑膜的增生、关节软骨和骨的破坏;与模型组相比,2组受试化合物组和甲氨蝶呤组踝关节炎症细胞的浸润和滑膜增生、关节软骨和骨的破坏明显减轻,且受试化合物组效果明显优于甲氨蝶呤组。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利1所述的应用,其特在于R选自甲基、乙基。
3.根据权利1所述的应用,其特在于所述的自身性免疫疾病为类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症。
4.据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所述的药物含有雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的辅料。
5.一种用于治疗自身性免疫疾病的药物,其特征在于含有式Ⅲ所示的雷公藤红素酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的辅料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物,其特征在于所述的药物为口服制剂或注射制剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物,其特征在于所述的口服制剂为片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、滴丸、丸剂、口服液体制剂;所述的注射制剂为注射液或粉针剂。
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