CN111159903A - Design and manufacturing method of compact type multi-channel multi-fluid heat exchange device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明请求保护一种紧凑型多通道多流体热交换装置的设计和制造方法，首先给出了几种三周期极小曲面的函数表达式，采用该算法可以建立热交换装置中的流体通道；然后给出了通道的体积分数控制方法，通过各通道的热量需求，确定函数参数；最后，建立了多通道紧凑型热交换装置的模型，并指出采用选区激光熔化的增材制造工艺，一体化成形该装置。该装置可实现多种流体在紧凑空间中的热交换，内部的三周期极小曲面多孔结构因其优良的拓扑构型，具有消除热应力、提高热交换装置热疲劳寿命的特性，适用于航空航天飞行器、汽车发动机的油液冷却或燃料预热等领域。
The present invention claims to protect a design and manufacturing method of a compact multi-channel and multi-fluid heat exchange device. First, the functional expressions of several three-period minimal surfaces are given, and the fluid channel in the heat exchange device can be established by using this algorithm; Then, the volume fraction control method of the channel is given, and the function parameters are determined by the heat demand of each channel. Finally, the model of the multi-channel compact heat exchange device is established, and it is pointed out that the additive manufacturing process using selective laser melting is integrated. shape the device. The device can realize the heat exchange of various fluids in a compact space. The internal three-period minimal curved porous structure has the characteristics of eliminating thermal stress and improving the thermal fatigue life of the heat exchange device due to its excellent topological configuration. It is suitable for aviation Fields such as oil cooling or fuel preheating for aerospace vehicles and automobile engines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchange, relates to multi-channel multi-fluid heat exchange, and particularly relates to a design and manufacturing method of a compact multi-channel multi-fluid heat exchange device.
Background
The existing heat exchanger is generally characterized in that cold and hot fluids are separated by a partition wall, heat is exchanged through the partition wall, the heat exchanger generally has two structural forms of a tube type and a plate type, and is used as a condenser, an evaporator, a cooler, a heater and the like. In addition, because the internal structure of the heat exchanger is complex, the heat exchanger is limited by the traditional processing technology, the heat exchanger is difficult to realize the heat exchange of various fluids in a compact space, and is difficult to form an inner cavity complex structure with gradient change according to the distribution of a thermal field, and the heat exchange efficiency cannot be improved greatly. In recent years, with the rapid progress of additive manufacturing, metal manufacturing processes typified by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) have been greatly advantageous in forming structural-function integrated members. Based on a layer-by-layer stacking process method, the SLM greatly releases the design freedom, provides technical support for forming complex metal components with multiple structural and functional attributes, and has wide development prospect. With the aid of the advanced manufacturing process, many scholars at home and abroad prepare porous lattice structures, study the dynamics and heat transfer performance of the porous lattice structures, and apply the porous lattice structures to the field of heat exchange. The lattice porous structure has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high porosity and high specific surface area, provides high-efficiency heat exchange and simultaneously generates lower pressure drop, is particularly suitable for occasions with severe constraints on heat transfer efficiency and pressure drop, and is an ideal heat exchanger with multiple functions.
In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, realize the heat exchange of various fluid media in a compact space, improve the stability of the structure and realize the light weight and high-efficiency heat exchange multifunctional integration of the heat exchanger, the invention adopts a heat exchange model with a porous lattice structure by adopting three-period extremely-small curved surface design by virtue of the technical advantages of additive manufacturing in free forming, adjusts the space distribution of various media in the heat exchange model and finally adopts a selective laser melting integrated forming heat exchange device.
Through search, the following two patents are closest to the invention, and compared with the patent '201680055618.5 heat exchanger', the advantages of the invention are as follows:
1. the patent "201680055618.5 heat exchanger" also adopts additive manufacturing process to form the heat exchanger, but the structure designed by the patent does not fully consider the requirement of additive manufacturing self-supporting, and the heat exchanger model has a cantilever structure, so that defects such as warping and poor supporting are easy to occur during forming. The structure designed by the invention fully considers the self-supporting property, is very beneficial to adopting an additive manufacturing process, and reduces the risk of manufacturing defects.
2. In addition, the heat exchanger structure is designed by adopting three-period extremely-small curved surfaces, heat exchange of multiple fluids can be realized, and every two channels are separated by one wall surface, so that the heat exchanger has high-efficiency heat exchange performance and more compact structure.
3. The three-period extremely-small curved surface has the characteristic of smooth and continuous everywhere, and the pressure drop generated on the liquid is lower compared with the pressure drop generated on the heat exchanger of the patent '201680055618.5'.
Compared with the patent '201810795444.7 additive manufactured heat exchanger', the invention has the advantages that:
1. the 201810795444.7 additive manufactured heat exchanger patent also employs an additive manufacturing method to form the heat exchanger. In contrast, the present invention emphasizes: the novel heat exchanger structure makes the heat exchanger more compact, lightweight, and these structures have self-supporting nature, and very easily form through the additive manufacturing method.
2. The present invention also emphasizes that multiple fluids exchange heat in the heat exchanger, whereas the 201810795444.7 additive manufactured heat exchanger only exchanges heat between two fluids.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. Methods of designing and manufacturing a compact multi-channel multi-fluid heat exchange device are presented. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of designing a compact multi-channel multi-fluid heat exchange device comprising the steps of:
s1: firstly, aiming at four common three-cycle extremely-small-curved-surface TPMS porous units which are Gyroid, Diamond, Primitive and I-WP porous units respectively; testing heat exchange performance and pressure drop performance by adopting an experimental method, and establishing a mapping relation between porous structures and heat exchange performance of different porous units, different volume fractions and different unit sizes;
s2: according to the heat exchange quantity requirement of the fluid flow, space distribution is carried out on each channel in the heat exchange device, and the volume fraction of each channel in the total heat exchange space is determined;
s3: and (4) selecting the porous units according to the mapping relation in the step S1 and the volume fraction in the step S, completing the modeling of the porous structure by adopting a TPMS three-cycle minimum curve algorithm, namely completing the design of the compact multi-channel and multi-fluid heat exchange device, testing the influence of the porous structures with different porous units, different volume fractions and different unit sizes on the heat exchange performance by an experimental method, and establishing a database and the mapping relation thereof.
Further, the step S2 is to perform space distribution on each channel in the heat exchange device according to the heat exchange amount requirement of the fluid flow, and determine the volume fraction of each channel in the total heat exchange space, and specifically includes the steps of:
assuming that the flow rates of the 3 channels are v respectively1,v2,v3The volume fractions are respectively
The specific heat capacities of the 3 fluid media in the channel are respectively C1，C2，C3Wherein; the channels 1 and 3 are the liquid to be cooled, and after passing through the heat exchanger, the temperature rise is set to delta t1，Δt3Reduction of heat generation Q1，Q3(ii) a The channel 2 is a cooling liquid, and after passing through the heat exchanger, the temperature is reduced by delta t2Increase in heat generationQ2. Then, according to the law of conservation of heat, it can be known that:
Q2＝Q1+Q3
namely:
the volume fractions of the 3 channels were determined from equation (5) above. Wherein, the basic conditions are required to be satisfied: the temperature of the channel 2 is not higher than that of the channel 1 and the channel 3 before and after heat exchange.
Further, the TPMS algorithm of step S3 is specifically:
φD(x,y,z)＝sin(x)·sin(y)·sin(z)+cos(x)·sin(y)·cos(z)+cos(x)·cos(y)·sin(z) (2)
+RD[cos(4x)+cos(4y)+cos(4z)]+CD＝0
wherein: phi is aG(x,y,z)、φD(x,y,z)、φP(x,y,z)、φW(x, y, z) are Gyroid, Diamond, Primitive, I-WP porous cells respectively, x, y, z are three variables in a Cartesian coordinate system respectively, RP/W/G/DIs a node volume parameter used for adjusting the volume relationship between the porous unit node and the rod; cP/W/G/DParameter ρ, which is a volume fraction or relative density, represents the volume fraction for adjusting the volume fraction of the porous structure; the volume fraction is defined as the ratio of the solid volume of the porous structure to the apparent volume of the porous structure, is one of the most important parameters in the porous structure, and is mainly used for adjusting the mechanical property of the structure;
the volume fraction of the porous structure can be calculated using the following triple integral equation:
p represents porosity, xmin,xmaxRespectively representing the minimum and maximum values of x. Ω denotes an integration area;
when R isP＝0.51,RW＝-1.95,RG＝0.08,RDThe relationship between the volume fractions and the parameters of the above four porous structures was obtained by polynomial fitting when-0.07, and satisfied:
CG＝1.37ρ*3-1.46ρ*2+1.51 (6)
CD＝2.46ρ*3-2.45ρ*2-1.89ρ*+1.21 (7)
CP＝1.54ρ*3-3.52ρ*2-ρ*+1.5 (8)
CW＝4.73ρ*3-8.38ρ*2-2.41ρ*+2.95 (9)
(6) in the formula (9), ρ*Representing the volume fraction or relative density, p*Determined by the heat flow of the fluid in the channel, i.e. by equation (5)
A method of manufacture comprising the steps of:
s4: placing the porous structure established in the step S3 as a heat exchange core in a multi-channel model, closing all end faces of the channel 1 model aiming at the porous structure, reserving an inlet and an outlet of the X-axis channel 1, and enabling the fluid 1 to flow in the inlet and the outlet; all end surfaces of the channel 3 model are closed, an inlet and an outlet of the Z-axis channel 3 are reserved, and the fluid 3 flows in the inlet and the outlet; a fluid 2 flows in the channel 2;
s5: thickening the porous curved surface model to form an entity, performing Boolean operation on the porous model and the multi-channel model, and performing self-supporting detection according to the process requirements of additive manufacturing to ensure that no additional support is needed in the model;
s6: and (4) integrally forming the model in the step (4) by adopting an SLM material increase manufacturing process to obtain the compact heat exchange device with three channels.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the innovation points of the invention are as follows: in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, realize the heat exchange of various fluid media in a compact space, improve the stability of the structure and realize the light weight and high-efficiency heat exchange multifunctional integration of the heat exchanger, the invention adopts a heat exchange model with a porous lattice structure by adopting three-period extremely-small curved surface design by virtue of the technical advantages of additive manufacturing in free forming, adjusts the space distribution of various media in the heat exchange model and finally adopts a selective laser melting integrated forming heat exchange device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design and manufacture of a multi-fluid compact heat exchange device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2: a multi-fluid diversion mode realized by a G porous unit is adopted; (a) - (f) denote the subfigures of fig. 2, respectively.
FIG. 3: a multi-channel heat exchange integrated design model;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a design and a manufacturing method of a multi-fluid compact heat exchange device aiming at the requirements of a heat exchanger on high efficiency, compactness and light weight, and can realize high-efficiency heat exchange of various fluids in a compact space.
The manufacturing method mainly comprises a core design method based on a three-cycle Periodic micro Surface (TPMS) and an integrated manufacturing method based on a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) forming process. The heat exchange device manufactured by the method has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, high heat exchange efficiency and the like.
The implementation route is shown in figure 1:
s1: the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out characterization of heat exchange performance and pressure drop performance aiming at four common TPMS porous units, and establishing a mapping relation between porous structures and heat exchange performance (pressure drop performance) of different porous units, different volume fractions and different unit sizes.
S2: according to the heat exchange quantity demand of fluid flow, space distribution is carried out on all channels in the heat exchange device, and the volume fraction of all channels in the total heat exchange space is determined (namely, the volume fraction of all channels in the total heat exchange space is determined)
)。
S3: and (3) selecting a proper porous unit according to the mapping relation in the step (1) and the volume fraction in the step (2), and completing the modeling of the porous structure by adopting a TPMS algorithm.
Wherein: rP/W/G/DIs a node volume parameter used for adjusting the volume relationship between the porous unit node and the rod; cP/W/G/DIs a volume fraction (or relative density) parameter for adjusting the volume fraction of the porous structure; the volume fraction, defined as the ratio of the solid volume of the porous structure to its apparent volume, is one of the most important parameters in the porous structure, primarily the force used to regulate the structureChemical properties.
The volume fraction of the porous structure can be calculated using the following triple integral equation:
then R isP＝0.51,RW＝-1.95,RG＝0.08,RDThe relationship between the volume fractions and the parameters of the above four porous structures is obtained by polynomial fitting, and satisfies:
CG＝1.37ρ*3-1.46ρ*2+1.51 (6)
CD＝2.46ρ*3-2.45ρ*2-1.89ρ*+1.21 (7)
CP＝1.54ρ*3-3.52ρ*2-ρ*+1.5 (8)
CW＝4.73ρ*3-8.38ρ*2-2.41ρ*+2.95 (9)
(6) in the formula (9), ρ*Representing the volume fraction (or relative density). In the present invention, ρ*Determined by the heat flow of the fluid in the channel.
S4: the porous structure as established was placed as a heat exchange core in a multi-channel model as in fig. 2. Aiming at the porous structure, all end surfaces of the closed channel 1 model are reserved with an inlet and an outlet of the X-axis channel 1 (as shown in figure 2 d), and the fluid 1 flows in the inlet and the outlet; all end surfaces of the channel 3 model are closed, and an inlet and an outlet of the Z-axis channel 3 are reserved (as shown in figure 2 e), and the fluid 3 flows in the inlet and the outlet; fluid 2 flows in channel 2 (fig. 2 f).
S5: the porous curved surface model is thickened to become a solid body. And performing Boolean operation on the porous model and the multi-channel model to complete the integrated design (as shown in figure 3). According to the process requirement of additive manufacturing, self-supporting detection is carried out, and the fact that extra support is not needed inside the model is guaranteed.
S6: and (4) integrally forming the model in the step (4) by adopting an SLM material increase manufacturing process to obtain the compact heat exchange device with three channels.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method of designing a compact multi-channel multi-fluid heat exchange device, comprising the steps of:
s1: firstly, aiming at four common three-cycle extremely-small-curved-surface TPMS porous units which are Gyroid, Diamond, Primitive and I-WP porous units respectively; testing heat exchange performance and pressure drop performance by adopting an experimental method, and establishing a mapping relation between porous structures and heat exchange performance of different porous units, different volume fractions and different unit sizes;
s2: according to the heat exchange quantity requirement of the fluid flow, space distribution is carried out on each channel in the heat exchange device, and the volume fraction of each channel in the total heat exchange space is determined;
s3: and (4) selecting the porous units according to the mapping relation in the step S1 and the volume fraction in the step S, completing the modeling of the porous structure by adopting a TPMS three-cycle minimum curve algorithm, namely completing the design of the compact multi-channel and multi-fluid heat exchange device, testing the influence of the porous structures with different porous units, different volume fractions and different unit sizes on the heat exchange performance by an experimental method, and establishing a database and the mapping relation thereof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 is to perform space distribution on each channel in the heat exchange device according to the heat exchange capacity requirement of the fluid flow, and determine the volume fraction of each channel in the total heat exchange space, and specifically comprises the steps of:
assuming that the flow rates of the 3 channels are v respectively1,v2,v3The volume fractions are respectively
The specific heat capacities of the 3 fluid media in the channel are respectively C1，C2，C3Wherein; the channels 1 and 3 are the liquid to be cooled, and after passing through the heat exchanger, the temperature rise is set to delta t1，Δt3Reduction of heat generation Q1，Q3(ii) a The channel 2 is a cooling liquid, and after passing through the heat exchanger, the temperature is reduced by delta t2Increase in heat generation Q2Then, according to the law of conservation of heat, it can be known that:
Q2＝Q1+Q3
namely:
the volume fractions of the 3 channels were determined from equation (5) above. Wherein, the basic conditions are required to be satisfied: the temperature of the channel 2 is not higher than that of the channel 1 and the channel 3 before and after heat exchange.
3. The design method of a compact multi-channel multi-fluid heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the TPMS algorithm of step S3 is specifically:
wherein：φG(x,y,z)、φD(x,y,z)、φP(x,y,z)、φW(x, y, z) are Gyroid, Diamond, Primitive, I-WP porous cells respectively, x, y, z are three variables in a Cartesian coordinate system respectively, RP/W/G/DIs a node volume parameter used for adjusting the volume relationship between the porous unit node and the rod; cP/W/G/DRho as volume fraction or relative density*Parameter, p*Expressing a volume fraction for adjusting the volume fraction of the porous structure; the volume fraction is defined as the ratio of the solid volume of the porous structure to the apparent volume of the porous structure, is one of the most important parameters in the porous structure, and is mainly used for adjusting the mechanical property of the structure;
the volume fraction of the porous structure can be calculated using the following triple integral equation:
p represents porosity, xmin,xmaxRespectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of x, and omega represents an integration area;
when R isP＝0.51,RW＝-1.95,RG＝0.08,RDThe relationship between the volume fractions and the parameters of the above four porous structures was obtained by polynomial fitting when-0.07, and satisfied:
CG＝1.37ρ*3-1.46ρ*2+1.51 (6)
CD＝2.46ρ*3-2.45ρ*2-1.89ρ*+1.21 (7)
CP＝1.54ρ*3-3.52ρ*2-ρ*+1.5 (8)
CW＝4.73ρ*3-8.38ρ*2-2.41ρ*+2.95 (9)
(6) in the formula (9), ρ*Representing the volume fraction or relative density, p*From the fluid in the channelIs determined by equation (5)
4. A manufacturing method based on one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s4: placing the porous structure established in the step S3 as a heat exchange core in a multi-channel model, closing all end faces of the channel 1 model aiming at the porous structure, reserving an inlet and an outlet of the X-axis channel 1, and enabling the fluid 1 to flow in the inlet and the outlet; all end surfaces of the channel 3 model are closed, an inlet and an outlet of the Z-axis channel 3 are reserved, and the fluid 3 flows in the inlet and the outlet; a fluid 2 flows in the channel 2;
s5: thickening the porous curved surface model to form an entity, performing Boolean operation on the porous model and the multi-channel model, and performing self-supporting detection according to the process requirements of additive manufacturing to ensure that no additional support is needed in the model;
s6: and (4) integrally forming the model in the step (4) by adopting an SLM material increase manufacturing process to obtain the compact heat exchange device with three channels.
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