CN111136989A - Sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111136989A CN111136989A CN201911301565.2A CN201911301565A CN111136989A CN 111136989 A CN111136989 A CN 111136989A CN 201911301565 A CN201911301565 A CN 201911301565A CN 111136989 A CN111136989 A CN 111136989A
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Abstract
本发明属于树脂基功能复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种夹芯结构防弹透波复合材料及其制备方法。所述复合材料是将依次叠合在一起的外蒙皮、粘接膜、夹心芳纶纸蜂窝、粘接膜以及内蒙皮通过热压罐一体成型工艺制备而成。所述外蒙皮是将至少一层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维无纬布排列铺层，所述内蒙皮是将至少一层由树脂浸渍纤维布形成的预浸料排列铺层。本发明提供的夹芯结构防弹透波复合材料可以有效调控外蒙皮超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层的抗弹击能力，使其既能够通过纤维的有效拉伸来吸收大部分弹击能量，又能够调控纤维拉伸所带来的背凸量，可以有效解决现有超高分子量聚乙烯纤维防弹材料背凸量过大的问题的，同时还可以较好地满足天线罩Ku波段的透波性能。
The invention belongs to the technical field of resin-based functional composite materials, and in particular relates to a core-structure bulletproof and wave-transmitting composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is prepared from the outer skin, the adhesive film, the sandwiched aramid paper honeycomb, the adhesive film and the inner skin, which are sequentially stacked together through an autoclave integral molding process. The outer skin is formed by arranging and laying at least one layer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven fabric, and the inner skin is by arranging and laying at least one layer of prepreg formed by resin-impregnated fiber cloth. The bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material of the sandwich structure provided by the invention can effectively control the bullet resistance of the outer skin ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer, so that it can absorb most of the bullet energy through the effective stretching of the fibers, and also It can control the amount of back convexity caused by fiber stretching, which can effectively solve the problem of excessive back convexity of the existing UHMWPE fiber bulletproof materials, and can also better meet the wave transmission performance of the radome in the Ku-band. .
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resin-based functional composite materials, and particularly relates to a sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the fibers applied to the resin-based bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material are mainly ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers and quartz fibers. The ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber has the best bulletproof effect, the lowest density and very small dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and is widely applied to manufacturing resin-based bulletproof wave-transmitting composite materials. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof composite material firstly generates the shearing fracture of the fiber in the process of resisting the bullet impact, and then the fiber is stretched and delaminated and damaged. The fiber stretching can absorb most of the energy of the impact, but at the same time, the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof composite material generates larger back bulge, and even non-penetrating blunt injury can be caused.
The high-performance radome made of the resin-based composite material becomes an indispensable important component of equipment such as airplanes and missiles, and has important influence on the performance of modern equipment. However, the serious threats to the radome, such as shots, weapon fragments and the like in the battlefield environment, cannot be ignored, and the existing radome does not have the protection performance, so that the development of the resin-based composite material with excellent bulletproof and wave-transmitting functions is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of the existing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material, which comprises an outer skin, an adhesive film, a sandwich aramid paper honeycomb, an adhesive film and an inner skin which are sequentially overlapped together,
the outer skin is formed by arranging and paving at least one layer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laid cloth, and the inner skin is formed by arranging and paving at least one layer of prepreg formed by resin impregnated fiber cloth.
In the invention, the outer skin is used as a bullet-facing surface and mainly provides bullet impact resistance; the inner skin is used as a supporting structure; and the sandwich aramid paper honeycomb and the inner skin mainly control the deformation of the composite material after impact of impact, and simultaneously achieve the purposes of weight reduction and light weight.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the thickness of the outer skin is 4-10 mm.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the thickness of the sandwich aramid paper honeycomb is 2-10 mm.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the thickness of the inner skin is 0.5-3 mm. When the fiber cloth adopted by the inner skin is quartz fiber, the thickness of the inner skin is preferably 0.5-1 mm.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the adhesive film is one or more of an epoxy resin adhesive film, a cyanate resin adhesive film and a polyurethane resin adhesive film.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the fiber yarns of the adjacent ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth of the outer skin are arranged and layered according to 0 degree/90 degrees.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the outer pore diameter of the sandwich aramid paper honeycomb is 2-7 mm.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the fiber cloth is one or more of aramid fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and quartz fiber cloth.
In the present invention, the adhesive film preferably uses a cyanate resin.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material, which is prepared from the raw materials, the preparation method is an autoclave integrated forming process, namely, the composite material which is laid as required is placed into an autoclave to be integrally cured and formed at one time, and the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material with the sandwich structure, provided by the invention, can effectively regulate and control the impact resistance of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber weftless fabric layer of the outer skin by regulating and controlling the thickness and the aperture of the aramid paper honeycomb and the thickness of the inner skin, so that the bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material can absorb most of the impact energy through the effective stretching of the fibers and can regulate and control the back convex amount caused by the stretching of the fibers. The problem of too large back projection of the existing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof plate can be solved.
(2) The sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that the sandwich aramid fiber paper honeycomb has light weight, and the inner skin has thin thickness, so that the increase of the surface density of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material is smaller than that of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof material. Although the thickness of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material is increased compared with that of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof material, the sum of the thickness and the back projection amount of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material after being impacted is far lower than that of the latter.
(3) According to the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material provided by the invention, when the thickness of the outer skin is lower than 9mm, the thickness of the sandwich layer aramid paper honeycomb is 2mm, and the inner skin is a quartz fiber layer, the prepared composite material can meet the requirement of the radar antenna cover on the wave-transmitting performance in the Ku frequency band.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material of the invention. The outer skin is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer, and the thickness of the outer skin is 4-10 mm according to different bulletproof grades; the aramid paper honeycomb of the sandwich layer is 2-10 mm in thickness and 2-7 mm in outer aperture according to different bulletproof grades; the thickness of the inner skin is 0.5-3 mm; and the layers are adhered by using adhesive films, and the thickness of the adhesive films is ignored. The outer skin is used as a bullet receiving layer and also used as a main bullet resistant layer, the inner skin is used as a supporting layer, the sandwich layer can regulate and control the tensile deformation of the outer skin, further can regulate and control the back convex amount of the bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material of the sandwich structure together with the inner skin, and meanwhile, the purposes of weight reduction and light weight are achieved.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention and a prior art ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof material at the front, back and impact part after impact. The test is carried out according to GJB4300-2002 safety technical Standard for military body armor, a bullet with the diameter of 7.62mm of a 54-type pistol is adopted at a position 5m away from the bulletproof material for bulletproof test, and a, b and c in the figure are 7mm ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof materials prepared by the prior art; in the figure, d, e and f are the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material prepared by taking a 4mm ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer as an outer skin, an aramid paper honeycomb with the thickness of 2mm and the outer pore diameter of 2.75mm as a sandwich layer and a 1mm quartz fiber layer as an inner skin in the embodiment of the invention. Although the two bulletproof materials can resist bullets, the observation of the sectional view of the impact positions of the two bulletproof materials shows that the bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material with the sandwich structure provided by the invention can effectively control the back convex amount of the bulletproof material after impact, and the bulletproof material with the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber in the prior art has obvious deformation, large back convex amount and poor bulletproof effect.
Fig. 3 is a data diagram of the amount of backfolding of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention and the prior art ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof material after impact. After being struck by 5 bullets, the 7mm ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof material has an average deformation amount of 2.4cm, while the deformation amount of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material after being struck by 5 bullets is only 0.34cm, so that the bulletproof material can basically keep the original shape and has an excellent bulletproof effect.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view and a shape of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material after impact according to the embodiment of the invention. The bulletproof mechanism of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material of the invention can be obtained from fig. 4, and the outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer generates obvious shear fracture (as shown in a in fig. 4) in the first stage of the impact process; second stage tensile failure and delamination of the fibers is the predominant failure mode and melting occurs at the break (shown as b in fig. 4); the third stage absorbs the remaining energy of the shot mainly by bending deformation of the ballistic material (as shown in fig. 4 c). The main forms of energy absorption of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material of the invention in the process of impact are the shear fracture, stretching, delamination of fibers and bending deformation of the material. Comparing with fig. 3, the aramid paper honeycomb is extruded by the outer skin in the flicking process, and the aramid paper honeycomb and the quartz fiber layer of the inner skin are supported to control the convex deformation amount of the outer skin.
Fig. 5 shows the wave-transmitting performance test results of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layers with different thicknesses of the outer skin in the Ku frequency band. In the figure: UHMWPE is an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with different thickness prepared by the same process as the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material. As can be seen from the figure, the dielectric constants of the outer skins with the thicknesses of 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm and 9mm are stabilized between 1.8 and 2.2, the dielectric loss tangent is stabilized between 0.015 and 0.02, and the wave-transmitting performance of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layers of the outer skins with different thicknesses is basically stable, because the dielectric constants and the dielectric loss tangents mainly depend on the basic parameters of the material, and the change of the thickness does not influence the wave-transmitting performance of the material basically; the transmission loss of the material has an obvious trend, the optimal transmission loss center gradually moves towards the low-frequency direction along with the increase of the thickness, the wave transmission rate of the composite material with the thickness of 7mm, 8mm and 9mm on the whole Ku frequency band reaches 70%, and the requirement of the radar antenna cover on the wave transmission performance of the Ku frequency band is met.
Fig. 6 is a wave-transmitting performance test result of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention in a Ku frequency band. In the figure: UHMWPE is an outer skin ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 7 mm; the UHMWPE/QF is a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material formed by an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 6mm and an inner skin quartz fiber layer with the thickness of 1mm according to the same process; the UHMWPE/Ah/QF is a sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material which is composed of an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 4mm, an aramid paper honeycomb with the thickness of 2mm as a sandwich and an inner skin quartz fiber layer with the thickness of 1 mm.
The simulation curve is obtained by taking the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss parameter obtained in the experiment of fig. 5 as input and performing simulation analysis on the transmission loss by using HFSS electromagnetic simulation software. As can be seen from the figure, the transmission loss of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material plate is more than-1.2 dB, and the relation between the transmission loss and the wave-transparent rate is as follows:
transmission loss being 10log | T-2(dB)
In the formula: | T |2The wave transmittance is shown.
The transmission efficiency of the material is calculated to be more than 75%, and 60% of transmission loss in a Ku wave band is more than-0.45 dB, namely, the wave-transparent rate is more than 90%, and the wave-transparent performance is excellent.
As a control, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber bulletproof material of the same thickness, a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material (UHMWPE/QF) formed of an outer skin ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer of 6mm and an inner skin quartz fiber layer of 1mm according to the same process were also tested. As can be seen from the figure, the dielectric constants of the three bulletproof wave-transparent composite materials are all between 2.0 and 2.5, the dielectric loss tangent values are all less than 0.025, the transmission losses are all less than 1.5dB, and the requirements of the radome on the wave-transparent performance in the Ku frequency band are all met.
Fig. 7 shows the transmission loss of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a mechanical property test result of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention. In the figure: UHMWPE is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the diameter of 7 mm; the UHMWPE/QF is a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material formed by an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 6mm and an inner skin quartz fiber layer with the thickness of 1mm according to the same process; the UHMWPE/Ah/QF is the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material which consists of an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 4mm, a sandwich aramid paper honeycomb with the thickness of 2mm and an inner skin quartz fiber layer with the thickness of 1 mm. As can be seen from the figure, the bending strength of UHMWPE/Ah/QF reaches 135.23MPa, the bending modulus reaches 5.93GPa, and the impact strength reaches 269.47kJ/m2. The mechanical properties of the whole composite material are greatly improved by adding the quartz fiber, and the mechanical properties of the aramid fiber paper honeycomb serving as the sandwich of the composite material are also improved, so that the aramid fiber paper honeycomb composite material is provided for the composite materialThe rigidity can reduce the deformation after impact and the weight is light.
Fig. 9 is a wave-transmitting performance test result of the bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material composed of the outer skin and the inner skin in the Ku frequency band, according to the embodiment of the invention. In the figure: UHMWPE is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the diameter of 7 mm; 6.5mmUHMWPE/0.5mmQF is a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material formed by an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 6.5mm and an inner skin quartz fiber layer with the thickness of 0.5mm according to the same process; 6mm UHMWPE/1mm QF is a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material formed by an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 6mm and an inner skin quartz fiber layer with the thickness of 1mm according to the same process; 5.5mm UHMWPE/1.5mm QF is a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material formed by an outer skin ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer with the thickness of 5.5mm and an inner skin quartz fiber layer with the thickness of 1.5mm according to the same process. As can be seen from the figure: the transmission loss of the UHMWPE/QF outer skin with different thickness ratios shows good regularity, and as the thickness of the quartz fiber layer of the inner skin is increased from 0 to 1.5mm, the frequencies of the composite material with the wave transmittance of 90% in the Ku frequency band respectively account for 71.21%, 63.37%, 61.38% and 47.52% of the whole frequency band.
Fig. 10 is a mechanical property test result of the bulletproof wave-transparent composite material composed of the outer skin and the inner skin provided by the embodiment of the invention. In the figure: the bending performance of the 6mm UHMWPE/1mm QF composite material is optimal, the bending strength reaches 117.6MPa, and is improved by 137.89% compared with 7mm UHMWPE (49.46 MPa); the flexural modulus reaches 4.55GPa, and is improved by 46.30% compared with 7mmUHMWPE (3.11 GPa). The impact strength of the composite material of 6mm UHMWPE/1mm QF is also optimal, and reaches 239.96kJ/m2Compared with 7mm UHMWPE (99.13 kJ/m)2) The improvement is 143.95%.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The performance test criteria used in this example are as follows:
1.1 test of bending Properties of composite materials with reference to GB/T1456-2005, the length of the test specimens was determined according to the thickness of the different composite materials, the specimen width was 60mm, and each set of 5 specimens was calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: sigmat-bending strength or bending stress (MPa);
p-breaking load (N);
l-span (mm); l60 mm
b-sample width (mm);
h-thickness of the sample (mm).
1.2 test reference GB/T1451-2005 for the impact performance of the composite material, the width of a test sample is 6-10mm, the length is 1201mm, the test span is 60mm, and each group of 5 test samples is calculated according to the following formula:
α -impact Strength (kJ/m)2)；
A-corrected sample fracture absorption energy (J);
b-sample width (mm);
h-specimen thickness (mm).
1.3, testing by adopting an American Agilent vector network analyzer (E8363C, 10MHz-40 GHz), applying a Ku standard waveguide (model WR62), measuring the sample size of 15.799 multiplied by 7.899mm, inserting a sample block to be tested into a waveguide cavity by adopting a waveguide method for dielectric property testing, obtaining parameters of S11, S21 and the like of a port, and obtaining the dielectric constant and the loss tangent of the material through theoretical calculation; and (3) carrying out wave transmission rate test on the sample by using a horn method in a microwave darkroom according to a wave transmission rate test method of the GJB 7954-.
1.4 bulletproof performance test according to GJB4300-2002 safety technical Standard for military body armor, a 54-type pistol is adopted to carry out bulletproof test on a material at a position 5m away from the bulletproof material, and the size of a test sample is 500 multiplied by 7 mm.
And (3) carrying out Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test on the shot hole after the shot, and observing the cross section of the shot part of the bulletproof material by using an SU8010 scanning electron microscope (Hitachi) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by the following specific examples.
Wherein the used ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth (the surface density is 70 g/m)2) From Beijing Hokkaizhong specialty fibers, Inc. The aramid paper honeycomb used was purchased from Jiaxing Yagang composite Co., Ltd and was surrounded by a plurality of honeycomb-shaped hexagonal lattices having the same shape. In an embodiment, the outer pore diameter of the sandwich aramid paper honeycomb refers to the diameter of a circle surrounded by outer edges of a honeycomb grid. The quartz fiber used was purchased from new materials of Tianhang Jiu, Henan Jiu, model SJ 108.
According to the invention, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laid cloth of the outer skin can realize the adhesion between adjacent ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laid cloth at a certain temperature or/and a certain pressure, and similarly, each layer of prepreg of the outer skin can realize the adhesion between adjacent prepregs at a certain temperature or/and a certain pressure. Also, in the present invention, the thickness of the adhesive film is negligible.
Example 1
A preparation method of a sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material is an autoclave integrated forming process, namely, the composite material which is laid as required is placed into an autoclave to be integrally cured and formed at one time, and the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
The composite material comprises an outer skin, a cyanate resin adhesive film, a sandwich aramid paper honeycomb, a cyanate resin adhesive film and an inner skin which are sequentially stacked together. Wherein, the outer covering is formed by arranging and laying a certain number of layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth according to 0 degree/90 degree; the inner skin is formed by dipping quartz fiber cloth with a certain number of layers of cyanate resin to form prepreg arrangement layers of the cyanate resin quartz fiber cloth; the layers are bonded by cyanate resin adhesive films.
In the composite material, the thickness of the outer skin is 4mm, the thickness of the aramid paper honeycomb is 2mm, the outer aperture is 2.75mm, and the thickness of the inner skin is 1 mm.
In this embodiment, the composite material is further used as a bulletproof plate for a ballistic test, and the specific test results are shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4: the deformation amount of the composite material after 5 shots of bullet impact is only 0.34mm, and the composite material has good back convex prevention effect.
In this example, the composite material (UHMWPE/Ah/QF) is further used to perform a wave-transmitting performance test in Ku frequency band, and the specific test results are shown in fig. 6: the transmission loss of the composite material is less than 1.5dB, and the requirement of the radar antenna cover on the wave-transmitting performance in a Ku wave band is met.
In this example, the composite material (UHMWPE/Ah/QF) was further used to perform mechanical property tests, and the specific test results are shown in fig. 8: the bending strength of the composite material reaches 135.23MPa, the bending modulus reaches 5.93GPa, and the impact strength reaches 269.47kJ/m2(ii) a The introduction of the quartz fiber greatly improves the overall mechanical property of the composite material, and the sandwich aramid paper honeycomb also improves the mechanical property, thereby providing rigidity for the composite material and achieving the purposes of reducing deformation after impact and light weight.
Example 2
A preparation method of a wave-transparent outer skin comprises the steps of firstly arranging and layering a certain number of layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth according to 0 degree/90 degrees, and then preparing the wave-transparent outer skin by utilizing an autoclave integrated forming process, namely placing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth which is laid according to requirements into an autoclave to be integrally and once cured and formed, wherein the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
The outer skin samples with the thicknesses of 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm and 9mm are obtained through the preparation method, the wave-transmitting performance of each sample is researched, and the specific test result is shown in FIG. 5: the wave-transparent performance of the outer skins with different thicknesses is basically stable, because the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent mainly depend on the basic parameters of the material, and the change of the thickness does not influence the wave-transparent performance of the material basically; the transmission loss of the material has an obvious trend, the optimal transmission loss center gradually moves towards the low-frequency direction along with the increase of the thickness, and the wave transmittance of the composite material with the thickness of 7mm, 8mm and 9mm on the whole Ku frequency band reaches 70%.
Example 3
A preparation method of a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material consisting of an outer skin and an inner skin is an autoclave integrated forming process, namely, the composite material which is laid as required is placed into an autoclave to be integrally cured and formed at one time, and the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
The composite material comprises an outer skin, a cyanate resin adhesive film and an inner skin which are sequentially overlapped together. Wherein, the outer covering is formed by arranging and laying a certain number of layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth according to 0 degree/90 degree; the inner skin is a prepreg arrangement layer formed by impregnating quartz fiber cloth with a certain number of layers of cyanate ester resin; the inner skin and the outer skin are bonded by cyanate resin adhesive films.
In the composite material, the thickness of the outer skin is 6.5mm, and the thickness of the inner skin is 0.5 mm.
In this example, the composite material (6.5UHMWPE/0.5QF) was further used to perform a wave-transmitting performance test in Ku frequency band, and the specific test result is shown in fig. 9.
The composite material (6.5UHMWPE/0.5QF) is further adopted in the example to carry out the mechanical property test, and the specific test result is shown in figure 10.
Example 4
A preparation method of a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material consisting of an outer skin and an inner skin is an autoclave integrated forming process, namely, the composite material which is laid as required is placed into an autoclave to be integrally cured and formed at one time, and the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
The composite material comprises an outer skin, a cyanate resin adhesive film and an inner skin which are sequentially overlapped together. Wherein, the outer covering is formed by arranging and laying a certain number of layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth according to 0 degree/90 degree; the inner skin is a prepreg arrangement layer formed by impregnating quartz fiber cloth with a certain number of layers of cyanate ester resin; the inner skin and the outer skin are bonded by cyanate resin adhesive films.
In the composite material, the thickness of the outer skin is 6mm, and the thickness of the inner skin is 1 mm.
In this example, the composite material (6UHMWPE/1QF) was further used to perform a wave-transmitting performance test in Ku frequency band, and the specific test result is shown in fig. 9.
The composite material (6UHMWPE/1QF) is further adopted in the example to carry out the mechanical property test, and the specific test result is shown in figure 10.
Example 5
A preparation method of a bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material consisting of an outer skin and an inner skin is an autoclave integrated forming process, namely, the composite material which is laid as required is placed into an autoclave to be integrally cured and formed at one time, and the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
The composite material comprises an outer skin, a cyanate resin adhesive film and an inner skin which are sequentially overlapped together. Wherein, the outer covering is formed by arranging and laying a certain number of layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth according to 0 degree/90 degree; the inner skin is a prepreg arrangement layer formed by impregnating quartz fiber cloth with a certain number of layers of cyanate ester resin; the inner skin and the outer skin are bonded by cyanate resin adhesive films.
In the composite material, the thickness of the outer skin is 5.5mm, and the thickness of the inner skin is 1.5 mm.
In this example, the composite material (5.5UHMWPE/1.5QF) was further used to perform a wave-transmitting performance test in Ku frequency band, and the specific test result is shown in fig. 9.
The composite material (5.5UHMWPE/1.5QF) is further adopted in the example to carry out the mechanical property test, and the specific test result is shown in figure 10.
Comparative example 1
The first preparation method of the bulletproof wave-transmitting material comprises the steps of firstly arranging and layering a certain number of layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth according to 0 degree/90 degrees, and then preparing the bulletproof wave-transmitting material by utilizing an autoclave integrated forming process, namely, putting the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth which is well laid according to requirements into an autoclave for integrated one-time curing forming, wherein the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures. The thickness of the ballistic resistant material (UHMWPE) was 7 mm.
The comparative example further adopts the bulletproof material (UHMWPE) to carry out wave-transparent performance test in a Ku frequency band, and the specific test result is shown in FIG. 6: the transmission loss of the composite material is less than 1.5dB, and the requirement of the radar antenna cover on the wave-transmitting performance in a Ku wave band is met.
This comparative example further carried out ballistic tests using this ballistic resistant material (UHMWPE), with specific test results see fig. 2(a), (b), (c) and fig. 3: the average deformation of the composite material plate 5 after being shot is 2.4mm, and the back convex deformation is larger.
Example 6
The experimental test result of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material is compared with the simulation result, the preparation method of the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material is an autoclave integrated forming process, namely the composite material which is well laid according to the requirement is put into an autoclave to be integrally cured and formed at one time, and the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
The composite material comprises an outer skin, a cyanate resin adhesive film, a sandwich aramid paper honeycomb, a cyanate resin adhesive film and an inner skin which are sequentially stacked together. Wherein, the outer covering is formed by arranging and laying a certain number of layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber non-woven cloth according to 0 degree/90 degree; the inner skin is formed by impregnating quartz fiber cloth with cyanate resin in a certain number of layers to form prepreg arrangement and layering of the cyanate resin quartz fiber cloth.
In the composite material, the thickness of the outer skin is 4mm, the thickness of the aramid paper honeycomb is 2mm, the outer aperture is 2.75mm, and the thickness of the inner skin is 1 mm.
In this embodiment, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss value obtained by the composite material test are further input into HFSS simulation software to perform Ku-band wave-transparent performance simulation. And the wave-transparent test of Ku wave band is carried out on the designed sandwich structure composite material, and the test result shows that: the transmission loss of UHMWPE/Ah/QF experiment is above-1.2 dB, the transmission efficiency calculated by a transmission loss calculation formula is above 75%, and the transmission loss of 60% in a Ku wave band is above-0.45 dB, namely the wave-transparent rate is above 90%, so that the UHMWPE/Ah/QF composite material has excellent wave-transparent performance and meets the requirements of design and application. Compared with simulation results, the matching between the experiment on the Ku frequency band and the simulation results is better, and specific experiment results are shown in figure 7.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A bulletproof wave-transparent composite material with a sandwich structure is characterized by comprising an outer skin, an adhesive film, a sandwich aramid paper honeycomb, an adhesive film and an inner skin which are sequentially overlapped together,
the outer skin is formed by arranging and paving at least one layer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laid cloth, and the inner skin is formed by arranging and paving at least one layer of prepreg formed by resin impregnated fiber cloth.
2. The sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the outer skin is 4-10 mm.
3. The sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sandwich aramid paper honeycomb is 2-10 mm.
4. The sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the inner skin is 0.5-3 mm.
5. The sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material of claim 1, wherein the adhesive film is one or more of an epoxy resin adhesive film, a cyanate resin adhesive film and a polyurethane resin adhesive film.
6. The sandwich structured bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material according to claim 1, wherein the fibers of the adjacent non-woven fabrics of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers of the outer skin are arranged and layered at 0 °/90 °.
7. The sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material of claim 1, wherein the outer pore diameter of the sandwich aramid paper honeycomb is 2-7 mm.
8. The sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transmitting composite material according to claim 1, wherein the fiber cloth is one or more of aramid fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and quartz fiber cloth.
9. A method for preparing a sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material, which is characterized in that the sandwich structure bulletproof wave-transparent composite material is prepared from the raw materials as in any one of claims 1 to 8, the preparation method is an autoclave integrated forming process, namely, the composite material which is laid according to the requirements is put into an autoclave to be integrally cured and formed at one time, and the curing process comprises the following steps: curing temperature is 130-135 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and pressure is 2.5 atmospheric pressures.
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