CN111129429A - A lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode and secondary battery - Google Patents
A lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode and secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode and a secondary battery, wherein the lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode comprises a lithium-rich manganese-based active material and a halide solid-state electrolyte, and the chemical formula of the halide solid-state electrolyte is LiaMXbWherein M is one or more of Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y and La series, X is one or more of F, Cl and Br, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and b is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 13. The invention prepares the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the halide solid electrolyte into the solid battery electrode, can reduce the reaction activity between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the contact interface of the electrolyte, and thus can reduce the reaction activity between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the contact interface of the electrolyteAnd the side reaction between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the electrolyte interface is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the structural stability of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material in the circulation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of secondary batteries, in particular to a lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode and a secondary battery.
Background
With the large-scale application of lithium ion batteries in the field of electric vehicles, the requirements on the energy density and the safety performance of the lithium ion batteries are higher and higher. The electrode material is a key material of the lithium ion battery, improves the specific capacity of the anode and cathode electrode materials, and is an important way for improving the specific energy of the lithium ion battery. The mass ratio of the positive active material in the full battery is usually the highest, and the improvement of the specific capacity of the positive active material to the improvement of the specific energy of the battery is more remarkable. The specific capacity of the conventional common positive active materials LFP, LCO, LMO, Li-NCA and Li-NCM is usually below 200mAh/g, the specific capacity of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive active material can reach as high as 400mAh/g, and the lithium-rich manganese-based positive active material has rich resources and low cost, so the lithium-rich manganese-based positive active material has wide application prospect.
However, most of the currently commercialized lithium ion batteries are based on liquid electrolytes, and the liquid electrolytes contain a large amount of flammable organic solvents, so that a plurality of potential safety hazards exist. And the normal operating voltage range (vs Li) of lithium-rich manganese-based materials+) The electrolyte is operated at high voltage between 2.0V and 4.8V to ensure that the surface activity of the electrolyte is higher, the side reaction with the electrolyte is more violent, the unstable surface structure enables the surface structure of the material to be rearranged, and transition metal ions and oxygen ions in high oxidation state are easier to generate transition metal dissolutionAnd (4) decomposing and separating out oxygen. The interface problem between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the electrolyte is not isolated, but is promoted and occurs in a synergistic manner, so that the performance of the material is rapidly degraded.
The development of solid electrolyte-based all-solid and semi-solid batteries reduces the content of organic liquid electrolyte in the batteries, and is an effective way for reducing the safety risk of the batteries. Currently, commonly used solid electrolytes are classified into oxide solid electrolytes, sulfide solid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, composite electrolytes, and other solid electrolytes according to their structures and compositions. The oxide solid electrolyte has a wider voltage window and higher chemical and electrochemical stability, but has lower ionic conductivity at normal temperature. In addition, oxide electrolytes are generally hard and therefore difficult to process, and are generally manufactured into solid-state batteries with complicated processes and high interfacial resistance. The sulfide electrolyte has higher ionic conductivity than the oxide electrolyte, and in addition, the sulfide electrolyte has good mechanical strength and mechanical flexibility and better processing performance; however, interface reaction is easy to occur between the sulfide electrolyte and active substances (LCO, Li-NMC and the like), the electrochemical window is narrow, and the electrolyte is extremely sensitive to air and has high requirements on preparation and application environments. The polymer electrolyte has good flexibility, is easy to produce and can form a film in a large area; but has poor thermal stability and low oxidation voltage window (<4.0V vs Li+)。
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode and a secondary battery.
The invention provides a lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode which comprises a lithium-rich manganese-based active material and a halide solid-state electrolyte, wherein the chemical formula of the halide solid-state electrolyte is LiaMXbWherein M is one or more of Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y and La series, X is one or more of F, Cl and Br, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and b is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 13.
According to the invention, the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the halide solid electrolyte are prepared into the solid battery electrode, so that the reaction activity between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and an electrolyte contact interface (compared with the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and a liquid electrolyte interface) can be reduced, the side reaction between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the electrolyte interface is reduced, and the improvement of the structural stability of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material in the circulation process is facilitated.
Further, the halide solid electrolyte is Li3InCl6、Li3YCl6、Li3YBr6、Li3HoCl6、Li3ScCl6One or more of (a).
The halide solid electrolyte can be coated on the surface of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material, or the halide solid electrolyte and the lithium-rich manganese-based active material can be directly and uniformly mixed in a mechanical stirring, ball milling, ultrasonic and other modes.
Further, the weight ratio of the halide solid state electrolyte to the lithium-rich manganese-based active material is (1:99) - (99:1), preferably (5:95) - (50:50), and more preferably (10:90) - (30: 70).
The chemical formula of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material is xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2Wherein 0 is<x<1, M is one or more of Mn, Ni and Co.
Further, before being coated or mixed with the halide solid electrolyte, the lithium-rich manganese-based active material is also subjected to surface modification coating, and the coating can be simple oxide TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、MnO2、MoO3、CeO2Iso, phosphate FePO4、CoPO4、NiPO4Etc. fluoride GaF2、AlF3、SmF3Etc. lithium salt of oxide LiAlO2、LiZrO3、LiTiO3、Li4Ti5O12、Li3VO4、LiNiPO4、LiNbO3And the like, electron good conductors such as simple substances of Al, carbon materials, and the like, and organic high molecular polymers such as Polyaniline (PAN), polyacrylonitrile-butadiene (PAB), and the like.
Further, the coating layer of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material includes one or more of the above substances, but is not limited thereto.
The coating layer can enhance contact between the halide solid electrolyte and the active material, and can also suppress side reactions and interdiffusion between the solid electrolyte and the active material.
Further preferably, the coating layer is an oxide lithium salt LiAlO having excellent ion conductivity2、LiZrO3、LiTiO3、Li4Ti5O12、Li3VO4、LiNiPO4、LiNbO3And the like.
Further, the weight of the coating layer is 0.01-20% of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material, and preferably 1-8%.
Further, before being coated with or mixed with the halide solid-state electrolyte, the lithium-rich manganese-based active material can be modified by element doping, and mainly comprises: na, K and the like are doped at Li position, Fe, Zr, Ti, Zn, Sn, Mo, Al, Cr and the like are doped at transition metal position, F and the like are doped at O position, B and the like are doped in transition metal layer.
Further, the doping of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material includes one or more of the above elements, but is not limited thereto.
The element doping can improve the electronic conductivity or ionic conductivity of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material, and improve the structural stability or multiplying power charge and discharge performance of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material in the circulating process.
Furthermore, the weight of the doping element is 0.001-10%, preferably 0.05-5% of the weight of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material.
Further, the content of the halide solid electrolyte in the electrode of the present invention may be from 1 to 99 wt%, preferably from 5 to 50 wt%, and more preferably from 10 to 30 wt%; the content of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material may be from 1 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably from 50 wt% to 95 wt%, and more preferably from 70 wt% to 90 wt%.
Further, the electrode of the present invention may not contain a conductive agent and a binder, and may also contain a conductive agent and/or a binder, and if contained, the content of the conductive agent may be from 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%, and the content of the binder may be from 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%.
The conductive agent is a conductive agent commonly used in the field of batteries, such as conductive carbon black, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, conductive graphite, graphene and the like; the binder is a binder commonly used in the battery field, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid/salt (PAA, PAALi, PPANa), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile multipolymer (LA132, LA133, etc.), sodium alginate (Alg), Chitosan (CS), etc., which can be dispersed in a low-polar solvent, such as an alkane, benzene, ether, etc., polystyrene polymer, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), etc.
The invention also provides a secondary battery containing the lithium-rich manganese-based solid battery electrode.
Preferably, the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery including an all-solid battery and a semi-solid battery.
According to the invention, the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the halide solid electrolyte are prepared into the solid battery electrode, so that the reaction activity between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and an electrolyte contact interface (compared with the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and a liquid electrolyte interface) can be reduced, the side reaction between the lithium-rich manganese-based active material and the electrolyte interface is reduced, and the improvement of the structural stability of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material in the circulation process is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first-cycle charge-discharge curve of the all-solid-state battery obtained in example 1 under the charge-discharge test condition with a current density of 100 microamperes;
fig. 2 is a capacity efficiency curve of the all-solid battery obtained in example 1 for the first 120 weeks under the charge and discharge test condition using a current density of 100 microamperes;
fig. 3 is a comparison of the first charge and discharge curves of the all-solid batteries obtained in examples 1 and 4 under the charge and discharge test conditions using a current density of 100 microamperes.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
Example 1
This example provides a lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode comprising 80 wt% lithium-rich manganese-based active material 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2And 20% by weight of a halide solid electrolyte Li3InCl6。
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the electrode, which comprises the following steps: halide electrolyte Li3InCl6With lithium-rich manganese-based active material 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2And mixing, wherein the mixing process is carried out in a glove box, and the specific process is that a mortar is adopted for grinding for 20 minutes, and the ground material is used as anode powder.
The present invention also provides a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the above electrode, and the preparation method thereof is as follows: the metal thin indium sheet is used as a negative electrode, and commercial Li is also used as an electrolyte10GeP2S12An electrolyte material. Taking 100 mg of Li10GeP2S12The electrolyte material was placed in a die cell bladder with a cross-sectional area of 0.785 square centimeters and pressed at a pressure of 200 mpa to obtain an electrolyte layer. Then, 10 mg of positive electrode powder was added to one side of the electrolyte layer, and after spreading uniformly, second pressing was performed at a pressure of 350 mpa, and the positive electrode laminate and the electrolyte were laminated together. And then an indium sheet was put on the other side as a negative electrode layer. After the whole process is finished, the inner container is placed into the die battery, the screw is tightly pressed and screwed for sealing, and the all-solid-state secondary battery can be obtained after sealing.
And carrying out a charge-discharge test on the obtained all-solid-state battery by adopting a current density of 100 microamperes, wherein the cut-off voltage is 1.4-4.2V, the charge-discharge curve in the first week is shown in figure 1, and the capacity efficiency curve in the last 120 weeks is shown in figure 2. It can be seen that the lithium-rich manganese-based active material is capable of exerting about 80% of the specific capacity in the liquid battery in the halide solid electrolyte without significant decay over 120 weeks.
Example 2
This example provides a lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode comprising 70 wt% lithium-rich manganese-based active material 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O226% by weight of a halide solid electrolyte Li3InCl62 wt% of conductive agent vapor deposition carbon nanotube (VGCF) and 2 wt% of binder Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR).
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the electrode, which comprises the following steps: 120mg of Li3InCl6Dissolved in 10g of water and 1.4g of 0.3Li were added2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Drying at 100 deg.C, transferring to 200 deg.C vacuum oven for further dehydration drying to obtain Li3InCl6Coated 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(ii) a The whole experimental process does not need inert atmosphere protection. Then 1.52g of lithium-rich manganese-based active material coated by halide electrolyte, 0.4g of halide solid electrolyte, 0.04g of VGCF conductive agent and 0.04g of NBR binder are mixed into n-heptane solvent, the mixture is coated on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 15 microns after being fully stirred uniformly, and the aluminum foil is rolled to 3.0g/cm after being fully dried3And obtaining the electrode.
This example also provides a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the above electrode, prepared substantially in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
This example provides a lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode comprising 80 wt% of a lithium-rich manganese-based active material (0.3 Li)2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Transition metal site doped with Fe in an amount of 3 wt%) and 20 wt% of a halide solid electrolyte Li3InCl6。
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the electrode, which comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing the halide solid electrolyte and the doped modified lithium-rich manganese-based active material by mechanical stirring to obtain the anode powder.
This example also provides a lithium ion secondary battery including the above electrode, and the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 4
This example provides a lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode comprising 80 wt% of a lithium-rich manganese-based active material (0.3 Li)2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Surface modification and coating of LiAlO22 wt% coating amount) and 20 wt% of a halide solid electrolyte Li3InCl6。
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the electrode, which comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing the halide solid electrolyte and the lithium-rich manganese-based active material with the surface modified with the coating layer by ultrasonic to obtain the anode powder.
This example also provides a lithium ion secondary battery including the above electrode, and the preparation method is the same as example 1.
The first charge-discharge curve of the obtained all-solid-state battery subjected to the charge-discharge test with the current density of 100 microamperes and the comparison graph of the first charge-discharge curve and the example 1 are shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from the graph that the surface of the obtained all-solid-state battery is coated with LiAlO2Then, the capacity of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material in the halide solid-state electrode is improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode is characterized by comprising a lithium-rich manganese-based active materialAnd a halide solid electrolyte having a chemical formula of LiaMXbWherein M is one or more of Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y and La series, X is one or more of F, Cl and Br, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and b is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 13.
2. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode of claim 1, wherein the halide solid state electrolyte is Li3InCl6、Li3YCl6、Li3YBr6、Li3HoCl6、Li3ScCl6One or more of (a).
3. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the halide solid state electrolyte is coated on the surface of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material;
or the halide solid electrolyte and the lithium-rich manganese-based active material are directly and uniformly mixed.
4. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode according to claim 3, characterized in that the weight ratio of the halide solid state electrolyte to the lithium-rich manganese-based active material is (1:99) - (99:1), preferably (5:95) - (50:50), and more preferably (10:90) - (30: 70).
5. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode of claim 4, wherein the lithium-rich manganese-based active material has a chemical formula of xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2Wherein 0 is<x<1, M is one or more of Mn, Ni and Co.
6. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode of claim 5, wherein the lithium-rich manganese-based active material is further surface modified with a coating layer comprising the oxide TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、MnO2、MoO3、CeO2Phosphate FePO4、CoPO4、NiPO4Of the fluoride GaF2、AlF3、SmF3Lithium salt of oxide LiAlO2、LiZrO3、LiTiO3、Li4Ti5O12、Li3VO4、LiNiPO4、LiNbO3One or more of elementary substance Al, carbon material, organic high polymer polyaniline and polyacrylonitrile-butadiene;
preferably, the coating layer is LiAlO2、LiZrO3、LiTiO3、Li4Ti5O12、Li3VO4、LiNiPO4、LiNbO3One or more of (a).
7. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode of claim 6, wherein the weight of the coating layer is 0.01 to 20%, preferably 1 to 8% of the weight of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material.
8. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode of claim 5, wherein the lithium-rich manganese-based active material is further modified by elemental doping, including doping with Na or K at the Li site, doping with Fe, Zr, Ti, Zn, Sn, Mo, Al or Cr at the transition metal site, doping with F at the O site, and doping with one or more of B at the transition metal layer.
9. The lithium-rich manganese-based solid state battery electrode of claim 8, wherein the doping element is present in an amount of 0.001 to 10%, preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight of the lithium-rich manganese-based active material.
10. A secondary battery comprising the lithium-rich manganese-based solid-state battery electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
preferably, the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
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