CN111126295A - Biological characteristic image acquisition device and method and intelligent equipment - Google Patents
Biological characteristic image acquisition device and method and intelligent equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请实施例提供一种生物特征图像的采集装置及采集方法、智能设备，属于生物特征图像采集技术领域。该装置包括：选通开关，用于输出选通信号；光电传感阵列，连接选通开关，用于接收选通信号，选通指定像素点的光电传感单元，将光电传感单元采集的生物特征光信号转换为电荷信号；以及信号处理电路，连接光电传感阵列，用于接收电荷信号，将电荷信号转换为放大的电压信号，并对电压信号进行非线性变换，压缩电压信号的信号范围，将压缩的电压信号转换成指定像素点的像素值输出。本申请实施例提供的技术方案，压缩了信号的动态范围，使采集的信号更加均匀，提高了采集精度。
Embodiments of the present application provide a biometric image collection device, a collection method, and an intelligent device, which belong to the technical field of biometric image collection. The device includes: a gating switch for outputting a gating signal; a photoelectric sensing array, connected to the gating switch, for receiving the gating signal, gating a photoelectric sensing unit of a designated pixel point, and collecting the data collected by the photoelectric sensing unit The biometric light signal is converted into a charge signal; and a signal processing circuit is connected to the photoelectric sensing array, used for receiving the charge signal, converting the charge signal into an amplified voltage signal, performing nonlinear transformation on the voltage signal, and compressing the signal of the voltage signal Range, convert the compressed voltage signal into the pixel value output of the specified pixel point. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application compress the dynamic range of the signals, make the collected signals more uniform, and improve the collection accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of characteristic information acquisition, in particular to an acquisition device and an acquisition method for a biological characteristic image, intelligent equipment and display equipment.
Background
With the improvement of the demand of people for information security, the biometric identification technology is more and more concerned by various fields. Among the biometric technologies, fingerprint recognition technology has become the most interesting and widely applied technology due to its practical applicability, and especially for handheld mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers, fingerprint recognition has slowly become an indispensable part.
At present, the collection of biological characteristic images such as fingerprints or palm prints is mainly achieved by placing a finger or a palm on an optical lens, projecting reflected light on a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) by using a prism under the irradiation of a built-in light source, converting optical signals into electrical signals through the CCD, and converting the electrical signals into pixel values of images.
When the built-in light source is a point light source, as shown in fig. 1, the central black point is the light source, and the dotted line is the collection range. As shown in fig. 2, the light intensity within the collection range varies greatly, the center of the light source is brighter, and the brightness of the surrounding area decreases. As shown in fig. 2, the abscissa in the second graph is the horizontal position coordinate of the pixel, and the ordinate is the gray-scale value of the pixel. As can be seen from the second graph of fig. 2, the quantization bits at different positions in the acquisition range are not uniform, i.e. the gray-scale value varies non-uniformly, and the dynamic range of the signal is too small in the range of [ -60, -40] and [40,60], resulting in poor accuracy of the biometric image.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an acquisition apparatus for a biometric image, so as to improve the acquisition precision of the biometric image.
The embodiment of the application provides a biological characteristic image's collection system, includes:
a gate switch for outputting a gate signal;
the photoelectric sensing array is connected with the gating switch and used for receiving the gating signal, gating the photoelectric sensing unit of the appointed pixel point and converting the biological characteristic light signal collected by the photoelectric sensing unit into a charge signal; and
the signal processing circuit is connected with the photoelectric sensing array;
the signal processing circuit is used for receiving the charge signal, converting the charge signal into an amplified voltage signal, performing nonlinear transformation on the voltage signal, compressing the signal range of the voltage signal, and converting the compressed voltage signal into the pixel value of the specified pixel point for output.
In one embodiment, the signal processing circuit includes:
the charge amplification module is connected with the photoelectric sensing array and used for converting the charge signal of the appointed pixel point into an amplified voltage signal;
the nonlinear amplification module is connected with the charge amplification module and used for carrying out nonlinear transformation on the voltage signal and compressing the signal range of the voltage signal; and
and the analog-to-digital conversion module is connected with the nonlinear amplification module and is used for converting the voltage signal processed by the nonlinear amplification module into the pixel value of the designated pixel point.
In one embodiment, the charge amplification module includes:
the charge amplifier is connected with the photoelectric sensing array and used for converting the charge signal into an amplified voltage signal;
and the linear amplifier is connected with the charge amplifier and the nonlinear amplification module and is used for secondarily amplifying the voltage signal amplified by the charge amplifier.
In one embodiment, the signal processing circuit further comprises:
and the linear amplifier is connected with the nonlinear amplification module and the analog-to-digital conversion module and is used for linearly amplifying the voltage signal which passes through the signal compression range of the nonlinear amplification module.
In one embodiment, the nonlinear amplification module is a logarithmic amplifier.
In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a controller, the controller being connected to the gating switch; the controller is used for outputting a control signal to the gating switch and controlling the gating switch to output a corresponding gating signal.
In one embodiment, the gate switch is a row gate switch, and the signal processing circuits are multiple and are connected with the multiple photoelectric sensing units in the same row in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
and the photoelectric sensing units in the same column in the photoelectric sensing array are connected with the same signal processing circuit.
In an embodiment, the gate switch includes a row gate switch and a column gate switch, the number of the signal processing circuits is one, and the signal processing circuits are respectively connected to the photoelectric sensing units of each pixel point.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for acquiring a biometric image, where the method includes:
for each pixel point, collecting biological characteristic light signals of the pixel point, and converting the light signals into charge signals;
converting the charge signals of the pixel points into amplified voltage signals;
carrying out nonlinear transformation on the voltage signal, and compressing the signal range of the voltage signal;
converting the voltage signal compressed by the signal range into a pixel value of a corresponding pixel point;
and obtaining the biological characteristic image based on the pixel value of each pixel point.
In addition, this application embodiment provides an intelligent device, includes:
a cover plate;
the light source is arranged in the intelligent equipment and used for emitting light rays to irradiate a target object contacting the cover plate;
the collecting device of the biological characteristic image collects the biological characteristic light signal which is emitted by the light source and reflected by the target object.
Further, an embodiment of the present application further provides a display device, including:
a display panel for emitting light to irradiate a target object contacting the display panel;
the collecting device of the biological characteristic image collects the biological characteristic light signal which is sent by the display panel and reflected by the target object.
In one embodiment, the display panel is any one of an OLED panel, an LED panel, and an LCD panel.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, in the process of converting the charge signal of the photoelectric sensing unit into the pixel value and acquiring the biological characteristic image, the signal range of the voltage signal is compressed by carrying out nonlinear conversion on the voltage signal, so that the dynamic range of the acquisition device is expanded; under the point light source screen, the acquisition device provided by the embodiment of the application can enable the acquired signals to be more uniform, and the acquisition precision is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a point light source collection range in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a low acquisition precision in the background art;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an acquisition apparatus for a biometric image according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an acquisition apparatus for a biometric image according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal processing circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal processing circuit according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal processing circuit according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal processing circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for acquiring a biometric image according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram comparing the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application with the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application without the technical solution.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an acquisition apparatus 100 for a biometric image according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the collecting apparatus 100 may include: a gate switch 11, a photo-sensing array 12 and a signal processing circuit 13. The gate switch 11 is connected with the photoelectric sensing array 12, and the photoelectric sensing array 12 is connected with the signal processing circuit 13.
The gate switch 11 may output a gate signal to the photo sensor array. In one embodiment, the gating switches 11 may include column gating switches and row gating switches, so that the output gating signals may include row gating signals and column gating signals, thereby gating the designated pixel points. In an embodiment, the row strobe signal may output a high level to the designated row, the column strobe signal may output a high level to the designated column, and an intersection of the designated row and the designated column is the gated designated pixel. At this time, the number of the signal processing circuits may be one, and the signal processing circuits are respectively connected to each of the photoelectric sensing units of the photoelectric sensing array, so that when the photoelectric sensing unit of a certain pixel point is gated, the signal processing circuits can perform signal processing.
In an embodiment, the gate switch 11 may be connected to the controller, and the gate switch 11 may output the row gate signal and the column gate signal according to a control signal output by the controller. In one embodiment, the control signal may be a pulse signal at preset time intervals, so as to trigger the gating switch 11 to output the gating signal at regular time.
The photo sensor array 12 may be a CCD (Charge-coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor. The photo sensor array 12 can be considered as a plurality of photo sensor units arranged in an array. One pixel point can be considered to correspond to one photoelectric sensing unit, and each photoelectric sensing unit can be composed of a field effect transistor and a photodiode. The photoelectric sensing array 12 can receive the gating signal output by the gating switch 11 and gate the photoelectric sensing unit of the designated pixel point. For example, the gate signal is to output a high level to the nth row and a high level to the mth column, that is, to gate the photoelectric sensing unit of the pixel (n, m). N may represent the nth row from top to bottom (or from bottom to top), and m represents the mth column from left to right (or from right to left). The range of n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the total row number of the photoelectric sensing array. The range of M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the total number of columns of the photoelectric sensing array. The photoelectric sensing unit of the (n, m) pixel point can convert the collected biological characteristic light signal into a charge signal. The biometric characteristic may be a fingerprint or a palm print. The biometric optical signal may be light reflected from the finger or palm surface after the light source is illuminated.
The signal processing circuit 13 may be connected to each of the photo-sensing units in the photo-sensing array 12, and when the photo-sensing unit of a designated pixel is gated, the signal processing circuit 13 is connected to the photo-sensing unit to receive the charge signal of the photo-sensing unit. The signal processing circuit 13 may convert the charge signal into an amplified voltage signal, and perform nonlinear conversion on the voltage signal to compress the signal range of the voltage signal. And finally, converting the compressed voltage signal into the pixel value of the appointed pixel point for outputting. The pixel value, i.e. the grey value, is a value between 0 and 255, 0 representing black and 255 representing white. The gray value means a gray level from the darkest black to the brightest white.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, in the process of converting the charge signal of the photoelectric sensing unit into the pixel value and acquiring the biological characteristic image, the signal range of the voltage signal is compressed by carrying out nonlinear conversion on the voltage signal, so that the dynamic range of the acquisition device is expanded; under some light source screens, adopt the collection system that this application embodiment provided, can make the signal of gathering more even, improve the collection precision.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a biometric image capturing apparatus 100 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, the collecting apparatus 100 may include: a row strobe switch 31, a photo sensor array 12, a controller 14, and a plurality of signal processing circuits 13. The gate switch 11 is connected to the controller 14 and the photo sensor array 12, and the row gate switch 31 can output a row gate signal according to a control signal output by the controller 14. In one embodiment, the control signal may be a pulse signal at preset time intervals, and the row strobe signal may output a high level to a designated row, thereby controlling the photo sensing units 121 of the designated row to be turned on. The rows and columns in the embodiments of the present application are merely exemplary labels in space, and in other embodiments, the relative positions of the rows and columns can be defined according to actual requirements, which is not limited in this application.
The photo sensor array 12 is connected to the row strobe switch 31 and the plurality of signal processing circuits 13. The photoelectric sensing array 12 is configured to gate the photoelectric sensing units 121 in the designated row according to the row gate signal, and convert the biological characteristic light signals collected by the photoelectric sensing units 121 in the designated row into charge signals.
As shown in fig. 4, each pixel corresponds to one photo-sensing unit 121, and each photo-sensing unit 121 may include at least one N-type field effect transistor and one photodiode. In one embodiment, the NFET T11 has a gate connected to the row strobe switch 31, a drain connected to the photodiode P11, and a source connected to the input of the signal processing circuit 13. When the gate inputs a high level, the source and the drain are turned on, and the photodiode P11 collects a biometric optical signal, converts the optical signal into an electric charge signal, and inputs the electric charge signal to the signal processing circuit 13.
And the plurality of signal processing circuits 13 are connected to the plurality of photoelectric sensing units 121 in the same row in the photoelectric sensing array 12 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. That is, one photoelectric sensing unit 121 in one row corresponds to one signal processing circuit 13, and n rows correspond to n signal processing circuits 13. The signal processing circuit 13 may convert the charge signal of the designated pixel into an amplified voltage signal, perform nonlinear transformation on the voltage signal, compress the signal range of the voltage signal, and finally convert the compressed voltage signal into the pixel value of the pixel for output. The row gating switch 31 performs row scanning on the photoelectric sensor array 12, and can convert charge signals of all pixel points into pixel values to be output, so as to obtain a biological characteristic image. The biometric image may be a fingerprint image or a palm print image.
In an embodiment, the photo-sensing units 121 in the same column in the photo-sensing array 12 can be connected to the same signal processing circuit 13, thereby simplifying the signal processing circuit 13. When a certain row is strobed, the signal processing circuit 13 of each column may be turned on with the photoelectric sensing unit 121 of the row, thereby converting the charge signal of the row into a pixel value, and the strobing of each row is sequentially performed, so that a biometric image may be obtained.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the signal processing circuit 13 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the signal processing circuit 13 may include: a charge amplification module 141, a non-linear amplification module 142 and an analog-to-digital conversion module 143.
The charge amplifying module 141 is connected to the photo sensor array 12, and is configured to convert a charge signal output by the photo sensor unit 121 of a specific pixel point into an amplified voltage signal. The nonlinear amplification module 142 is connected to the charge amplification module 141, and configured to perform nonlinear transformation on the voltage signal and compress a signal range of the voltage signal. The nonlinear amplification module 142 may be a logarithmic amplifier, i.e., a logarithmic relationship between the input signal and the output signal, thereby compressing the signal range.
The analog-to-digital conversion module 143 is connected to the nonlinear amplification module 142, and is configured to convert the voltage signal processed by the nonlinear amplification module 142 into a pixel value of the designated pixel. The analog-to-digital conversion module 143 may be a conventional a/D (analog-to-digital) converter, and is configured to convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal, which is the pixel value of the corresponding pixel.
In one embodiment, the charge amplification module 141 of fig. 5 may be an operational amplifier based charge amplifier 211 (integrator). As shown in fig. 6, the charge amplifier 211 is connected to the photo-sensing array 12, receives a charge signal transmitted from the photo-sensing unit 121 of a specified pixel point, converts the charge signal into a voltage signal, and amplifies it. The charge amplifier 211 transmits the amplified voltage signal to the nonlinear amplification module 142. As shown in fig. 6, the signal processing circuit 13 may further include a linear amplifier 212. The linear amplifier 212 is connected to the non-linear amplifying module 142 and the analog-to-digital conversion module 143, and after the signal range of the voltage signal is compressed by the non-linear amplifying module 142, the voltage signal can be transmitted to the linear amplifier 212, so that the voltage signal is linearly amplified. The linear amplifier 212 may be an operational amplifier based negative feedback amplifier, an instrumentation amplifier, or a differential amplifier.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the charge amplification module 141 in fig. 5 may include a charge amplifier 211 and a linear amplifier 212. The charge amplifier 211 is connected to the photo-sensing array 12. The charge amplifier 211 converts the charge signal collected by the photoelectric sensing unit 121 at a given pixel point into an amplified voltage signal; and the linear amplifier 212 is connected to the charge amplifier 211 and the non-linear amplification module 142, and is configured to secondarily amplify the voltage signal amplified by the charge amplifier 211. The linear amplifier 212 may be an operational amplifier based negative feedback amplifier, an instrumentation amplifier, or a differential amplifier.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal processing circuit 13 according to an embodiment of the present application, where the signal processing circuit 13 includes a charge amplifier 211, a nonlinear amplification module 142, a linear amplifier 212, and an analog-to-digital conversion module 143. The non-linear amplification module 142 may be at the position of L1 or L2, and performs a non-linear change to compress the signal range.
When the strobe signal Ty is at a high level, all the photodiodes P1y, P2y in the y-th row are gated, and the charge of each column of photodiode Pxy (x is 1, 2), is processed by the charge amplifier 211, the nonlinear amplification module 142, the linear amplifier 212 and the analog-to-digital conversion module 143 to obtain a pixel value. The output voltage and the input voltage of the nonlinear amplification module 142 may satisfy:
in the formula of UTAnd ISAre constant only with respect to the process of the transistor T. Input voltage UinAnd an output voltage UoutIn a logarithmic relationship.
In one embodiment, the controller 14 may be coupled to the various amplifiers and A/D converters. The controller 14 may control the amplifier and a/D converter reset according to the timing to discharge the charge of the capacitor. The amplification factor of the amplifier and the accuracy of the a/D converter can be adjusted by a variable resistor and a variable capacitor, and these parameters can be controlled by the controller 14 and the D/a converter.
Fig. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for acquiring a biometric image according to an embodiment of the present application. The acquisition method may be implemented by the acquisition apparatus 100 mentioned above. The method may include the following steps 910-950.
In step 910, for each pixel point, a biometric optical signal of the pixel point is collected and converted into a charge signal.
The biological characteristic optical signal may be a fingerprint or palm print signal, and the optical signal collected by each pixel point may be converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric sensing unit 121 of each pixel point.
In step 920, the charge signal of the pixel point is converted into an amplified voltage signal.
In step 930, the voltage signal is non-linearly transformed, compressing a signal range of the voltage signal.
The charge signal of the pixel point can be converted into an amplified voltage signal by the charge amplification module 141, and the voltage signal is subjected to nonlinear transformation by the nonlinear amplification module 142, so that the signal range of the voltage signal is compressed.
In step 940, the voltage signal compressed by the signal range is converted into a pixel value corresponding to the pixel point.
The analog-to-digital conversion module 143 may convert the voltage signal compressed by the signal range into a pixel value corresponding to a pixel point.
In step 950, the biometric image is obtained based on the pixel value of each pixel point.
The embodiment of the application also provides intelligent equipment, and the intelligent equipment can be a smart phone, a tablet personal computer, a fingerprint lock or a fingerprint attendance machine and the like.
The intelligent device comprises a cover plate, a light source and the acquisition device 100 of the biological characteristic image provided by the embodiment of the application. The light source is arranged in the intelligent equipment and used for emitting light rays to irradiate a target object contacting the cover plate; the target object may be a finger or a palm, etc. The collecting device 100 collects the biological characteristic light signal emitted by the light source and reflected by the target object, and converts the light signal into a pixel value to obtain a biological characteristic image.
In one embodiment, a display panel may be used as the cover plate and the light source. The smart device may be a Display device, and the Display panel may be any one of an OLED (organic light-Emitting Diode) panel, an LED (light Emitting Diode) panel, and an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel. The display panel can emit light to irradiate a target object contacting the display panel; the biological characteristic image acquisition device provided by the embodiment of the application can acquire biological characteristic light signals which are emitted by the display panel and reflected by a target object, and converts the light signals into pixel values to be output after a series of processing.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram comparing the technical solution provided by the embodiment with the technical solution provided by the embodiment without the embodiment. As shown in fig. 10, a indicates that the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is not adopted, and B indicates that the technical solution provided by the embodiment is adopted. As can be seen from fig. 10, before a/D conversion, the signal is nonlinearly transformed by the nonlinear amplification module 142, so that the signal range is compressed, and the dynamic range of the acquisition apparatus 100 is expanded; under the point light source, by using the acquisition device 100 provided by the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 10B, the acquired signals are more uniform, and the acquisition accuracy is improved.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, the disclosed apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Claims (12)
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