CN111084301B - Mulberry leaf extract fish feed adhesive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mulberry leaf extract fish feed adhesive and its preparation method and application. Using the mulberry leaf extract as the aquatic feed adhesive has the advantages of reducing feed powder content, pulverization rate and dissolution rate, and prolonging the feeding time. The role of shape retention time in water will not affect the absorption of nutrients by fish and shrimp, good bonding effect and strong water stability; develop new uses of mulberry leaves, improve the traditional mulberry leaf utilization structure, and give full play to the comprehensive utilization of mulberry leaves It is of great significance to turn waste into treasure and improve the economic and social benefits of mulberry leaves. It has the advantages of low price, less dosage, wide source, non-toxicity and easy processing.

Description

A kind of mulberry leaf extract fish feed binder and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aquatic products, in particular to a mulberry leaf extract fish feed adhesive and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

Adhesives are unique additives that play a role in bonding and forming in fish pellet feed. The role of the binder is to bind various ingredients together, maintain the shape of feed particles, prevent the dissolution and collapse of feed ingredients in water, facilitate fish and shrimp feeding, improve feed efficiency, and prevent water quality from deteriorating. At present, fish feed binders are mainly chemical synthetic substances and natural substances, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, wheat flour, etc. Some of them have high prices, residual risks, poor palatability, and complicated processing techniques. shortcoming.

Mulberry planting has a long history in my country, and mulberry leaves are mainly used to raise silkworms, and can also be eaten and used as medicine. Modern pharmaceutical research results show that mulberry leaves have a variety of pharmacological activities; they are non-toxic to fish and have the function of promoting their growth, digestion and absorption, but there is no report on the application of mulberry leaf extracts as fish feed adhesives. Mulberry leaf resources are abundant in my country, but their utilization is very limited; a large amount of mulberry leaves are discarded every year. Therefore, it is very important to carry out research on the application of mulberry leaves in aquatic feed, develop new uses of mulberry leaves, improve the traditional mulberry leaf utilization structure, give full play to the comprehensive utilization potential of mulberry leaves, turn waste into treasure, and improve the economic and social benefits of mulberry leaves. meaning.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing fish feed adhesives have disadvantages such as high price, residual risk, poor palatability, and complicated processing technology. At the same time, although mulberry leaves are rich in resources, their utilization is very limited, and a large number of mulberry leaves are covered by mulberry leaves every year. Abandoned, the purpose is to provide a mulberry leaf extract fish feed adhesive and its preparation method and application. Using mulberry leaf extract as an aquatic feed adhesive has the advantages of low price, less dosage, wide source, non-toxicity, and easy processing , Does not affect the absorption of nutrients by fish and shrimp, good bonding effect and strong water stability.

The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:

A fish feed binder including mulberry leaf extract.

The invention adopts the mulberry leaf extract as the fish feed binder, which has the functions of reducing the feed powder content rate, pulverization rate and dissolution loss rate, prolonging the shape retention time of the feed in water, and will not affect the absorption of nutrients by fish and shrimp , Good bonding effect and strong water stability, with low price, less dosage, wide source, non-toxic, easy processing and so on.

The preparation method of the mulberry leaf extract comprises the following steps: 1) taking dried mulberry leaves and pulverizing through a 18-mesh sieve to obtain dry mulberry leaf powder, or taking fresh mulberry leaves to grind and pulverize; 2) taking mulberry leaf powder and an organic solvent at a ratio of 1:6 Mix in a ratio of -8, rotate and stir for more than 4 hours, filter the mixture to obtain the extraction residue; 3) mix the extraction residue, dried mulberry leaf powder or crushed fresh mulberry leaves with water in a ratio of 1:6-8, rotate and stir After more than 4 hours, the mixed solution is centrifuged or filtered to obtain a clear supernatant or filtrate, and the supernatant or filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure to constant weight to remove water to obtain a water extract of mulberry leaves.

Described organic solvent selects sherwood oil, ethyl acetate or ethanol for use.

A kind of application of mulberry leaf extract, the application of mulberry leaf extract as fish feed adhesive.

The mulberry leaf extract is added to the fish feed formula according to the effective addition ratio of 0.45-3.5%.

When conditioning at room temperature, the addition ratio of mulberry leaf extract is 2.78-3.5%, and when conditioning at high temperature, the addition ratio of mulberry leaf extract is 2.07-3.5%.

The mulberry leaf extract is pulverized and dissolved in water or directly and evenly added into the fish feed in the form of powder according to the proportion of the formula.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. A mulberry leaf extract fish feed adhesive of the present invention and its preparation method and application have the functions of reducing feed powder content, pulverization rate and dissolution loss rate, and prolonging the shape retention time of feed in water without affecting Fish and shrimp have good absorption of nutrients, good bonding effect and strong water stability;

2, a kind of mulberry leaf extract fish feed adhesive of the present invention and its preparation method and application, have determined that mulberry leaf water extract promotes feed adhesion according to the powder content rate, pulverization rate, dissolution loss rate and shape retention time of feed The optimal concentration of addition;

3. A kind of mulberry leaf extract fish feed adhesive of the present invention and its preparation method and application, develop new uses of mulberry leaves, improve the traditional mulberry leaf utilization structure, bring into play the comprehensive utilization potential of mulberry leaves, turn waste into treasure, and improve mulberry leaves. The economic and social benefits of the leaves are of great significance, and have the advantages of low price, less dosage, wide sources, non-toxicity, and easy processing.

Description of drawings

The drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of the application, and do not limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the feed pellet hardness (room temperature conditioning) that adds each extract of 1% mulberry leaf;

Fig. 2 is the feed granule powder content rate (room temperature conditioning) that adds each extract of 1% mulberry leaf;

Fig. 3 is the pulverization rate of feed granules (tempered at room temperature) that adds each extract of 1% mulberry leaf;

Fig. 4 is the feed pellet hardness (room temperature conditioning) that adds different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract;

Fig. 5 is the powder content rate (conditioning and tempering) of the feed granules added with different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate;

Fig. 6 is the pulverization rate of feed granules (conditioned and tempered at room temperature) with different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate;

Fig. 7 is the feed granule dissolution rate (conditioning and tempering at room temperature) of adding different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate;

Figure 8 is the shape retention time (conditioning and tempering) of feed particles with different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate added;

Fig. 9 is the feed particle hardness (80 ℃ conditioning) of adding different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract;

Fig. 10 is the powder content rate of feed pellets (80°C conditioning) added with different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate;

Fig. 11 is the pulverization rate of feed pellets (80°C conditioning) added with different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate;

Figure 12 is the feed particle dissolution rate (80°C tempering) added with different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate;

Fig. 13 is the shape retention time (80°C tempering) of feed pellets added with different concentrations of mulberry leaf water extract and sodium alginate;

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples and accompanying drawings. As a limitation of the present invention.

Example 1

The invention relates to the application of a mulberry leaf extract as a fish feed binder.

1. Extraction of mulberry leaf extract

Grind 1000g of dried mulberry leaves through a 18-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry leaf powder or grind and pulverize 1000g of fresh mulberry leaves; take 400g of mulberry leaf powder, mix it with petroleum ether at a ratio of 1:7, and rotate and stir at 800 rpm for 6 hours; Filter the mixed solution to obtain the filtrate and residue (repeat the extraction 3 times); distill the filtrate under reduced pressure to constant weight to remove petroleum ether, and obtain the mulberry leaf petroleum ether extract. The ratio was mixed, and 800 rpm was rotated and stirred for 6 hours; the mixed solution was filtered to obtain the filtrate and residue (repeated extraction 3 times); the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to constant weight to remove ethyl acetate, and the mulberry leaf ethyl acetate extract was obtained ; The residue extracted from mulberry leaf ethyl acetate was mixed with ethanol in a ratio of 1:7, 800 rpm was rotated and stirred for 6 hours; the mixed solution was filtered to obtain the filtrate and residue (repeated extraction 3 times); Re-remove ethanol to obtain mulberry leaf ethanol extract; mix mulberry leaf ethanol extraction residue, dry mulberry leaf powder or fresh mulberry leaf crushed product with water at a ratio of 1:7, rotate and stir at 800 rpm for 6 hours, and mix the mixture Centrifuge or filter to obtain a clear supernatant or filtrate (repeat the extraction 3 times). The supernatant or filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure to constant weight to remove water to obtain the water extract of mulberry leaves.

The crude protein and total sugar contents of the mulberry leaf water extract were determined by the Kjeldahl method and the phenol-sulfuric acid method to be 13.83-15.44% and 35.66-38.18%, respectively.

2. Formulating fish feed and making pellets

feed formula

Vitamin supplement per kilogram contains: Retinol (500,000IU/g) 0.80g, vitamin D ₃ (500,000IU/g) 0.48g, DL-α-tocopherol (50%) 20.00g, vitamin K ₃ (23%) 0.43g, vitamin B ₁ (90%) 0.11g, riboflavin (80%) 0.63g, pyridoxine (81%) 0.92g, cyanocobalamin (1%) 0.10g, D-calcium pantothenate (90% ) 2.73g, niacin (99%) 2.82g, D-biotin (2%) 5.00g, inositol (99%) 52.33g and folic acid (96%) 0.52g.

Each kilogram of mineral additives contains: FeSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O (containing Fe 20%) 69.70g, CuSO ₄ ·5H ₂ O (containing Cu25%) 1.20g, ZnSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O (containing Zn 23%) 21.64g , MnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O (containing Mn 32%) 4.09g, Na ₂ SeO ₃ ·5H ₂ O (containing Se 1%) 2.50g and KI (containing I 4%) 2.90g.

Feed preparation method:

Step 1: Pulverize fish meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, secondary meal and corn stalk meal through a 40-mesh sieve.

Step 2: Pass methionine, threonine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin additives and mineral additives through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix the above components and secondary powder in the formula ratio per unit mass.

Step 3: Mix mulberry leaf petroleum ether extract, mulberry leaf ethyl acetate extract, mulberry leaf ethanol extract and mulberry leaf water extract with the mixture in step 2 at a ratio of 1% respectively.

Step 4: Mix the mixture in step 3 with the raw materials in step 1 according to the formula ratio and mix evenly.

Step 5: Evenly mix the corn oil in the formula ratio with the mixture in step 4.

Step 6: Add drinking water at room temperature accounting for 50% of the total mass of the feed to the mixture in step 5, stir and mix evenly, use a small pellet feed machine to make pellet feed with a diameter of 2mm, and dry it in a blast oven at 50°C to constant weight.

3. Detection of fish feed pellets

After the pelleted fish feed is dried, measure the powder content and pulverization rate according to the national standard method (GB/T16765-1997), and use the GWJ-1 grain and feed pellet hardness tester to measure the hardness. The test results (see Figures 1, 2 and 3) show that the feed pellets added with the water extract of mulberry leaves have the highest hardness, while the powder content and pulverization rate are the lowest.

Example 2

According to the same formula and method as in Example 1, the mulberry leaf water extract was added to the fish feed in proportions of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2%, respectively, and sodium alginate was used as a contrast. The corresponding 8 kinds of pellet feeds were prepared under conditioning at room temperature. Determine the hardness, powder content and pulverization rate according to the same method as above; use the immersion weight loss method commonly used in the feed industry to determine the dissolution loss rate; use the 1987 standard SC148-87 soaking time method of the Ministry of Agriculture to determine the shape retention time, and perform related analysis . The results (see Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) show that the water extract of mulberry leaves improves the hardness of the feed pellets, reduces the powder content, pulverization rate and dissolution loss rate, and prolongs the shape retention time.

According to the data analysis, when the water extract of mulberry leaves was added at 3.5%, there was no significant difference between the feed flour content and sodium alginate (P<0.05). According to the current national standard that the pulverization rate of general feed does not exceed 10%, the qualified addition amount of mulberry leaf water extract should be greater than 0.45%. When the mulberry leaf water extract is added at 0.8-2.4%, its feed dissolution rate is equivalent to that of sodium alginate; when the addition amount is 1.9-3.5%, it has reached the general industry standard that the current fish feed dissolution rate does not exceed 10%. . When the addition amount is 3.2%, its shape retention time is equivalent to that of sodium alginate and is qualified. Based on the above analysis, the effective addition of mulberry leaf water extract as a fish feed binder is 0.45-3.5% under room temperature conditioning. The qualified addition concentration except powder content is 1.9-3.5%; the optimum addition amount is 3.5%. .

Example 3

At present, feed production is mostly high-temperature steam conditioning, and room temperature conditioning is not common in reality. Considering the influence of different tempering temperatures on the experimental results, we added the water extract of mulberry leaves to the feed at the same concentration as above according to the same formula and method above. Water conditioning and conditioning made of the corresponding 8 kinds of pellet feed. Determine the hardness, powder content rate, pulverization rate, dissolution loss rate and shape retention time by the same method as above, and carry out relevant analysis. The results (see Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) show that the water extract of mulberry leaves further improves the hardness of the feed pellets, reduces the powder content, pulverization rate and dissolution loss rate, and prolongs the shape retention time.

Data analysis shows that when the amount of mulberry leaf water extract is 3.28-3.5%, the powder content of the feed has reached the qualified standard stipulated by the national standard. When the addition amount is 2.4-3.5%, the feed pulverization rate is equivalent to sodium alginate and reaches the qualification. When the addition amount is 3.08-3.5%, the feed dissolution rate reaches the qualified standard; when the addition amount is 3.5%, it is equivalent to sodium alginate. When the addition amount is 3.2-3.5%, it can achieve the same shape retention time as sodium alginate and is qualified. Based on the above analysis, the qualified addition amount of mulberry leaf water extract as a fish feed binder is 3.28-3.5% at 80°C and the optimum addition amount is 3.5%.

Example 4

In order to reduce and eliminate the influence of other feed materials on the adhesion, corn straw powder with no adhesion and dispersing function was selected as the formula ingredient in this experiment, but corn straw powder is not commonly used in fish feed in reality. Considering the influence of different feed materials on the experimental results, we replaced the corn stalk powder in the formula with bentonite, and added the water extract of mulberry leaves to the feed at the same concentration as above, and also added seaweed Sodium bicarbonate was used as a control, and two conditions of room temperature and 80°C conditioning were set to make 8 corresponding pellet feeds. Determine the powder content rate, pulverization rate and dissolution loss rate by the same method as above, and carry out relevant analysis. The results (see Figures 5, 10 and 12) show that substituting bentonite for corn stalk powder, that is, the mulberry leaf water extract (replacement) group, further reduced the powder content and dissolution rate of the feed, and made the feed meet the qualified standard.

The data analysis showed that in the feed made of bentonite instead of corn stalk powder prepared at room temperature, when the mulberry leaf water extract was added at 2.78%, the powder content of the feed reached the qualified standard of 5.5% stipulated by the national standard. In the feed that uses bentonite instead of corn stalk powder produced at 80°C, when the amount of mulberry leaf water extract is 2.07%, the powder content of the feed reaches the qualified standard of 5.5% stipulated in the national standard; when the mulberry leaf water extract When the amount of food added is 2.01%, the feed dissolution and loss rate has reached the qualified standard stipulated by the national standard. Based on the above analysis, the qualified addition amount of mulberry leaf water extract as a fish feed binder is ≥2.78% under room temperature conditioning; the optimal addition amount is 2.78-3.5%. Under conditioning at 80°C, the qualified addition amount of mulberry leaf water extract as fish feed binder is ≥2.07%; the optimum addition amount is 2.07-3.5%. .

The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Protection scope, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The application of the mulberry leaf extract is characterized in that when the mulberry leaf water extract is used as a fish feed adhesive, the mulberry leaf water extract is added into a fish feed formula according to the effective adding proportion of 2.78-3.5% in the room temperature tempering, and the effective adding proportion of the mulberry leaf water extract is 2.07-3.5% in the 80 ℃ tempering;

the preparation method of the mulberry leaf water extract comprises the following steps: 1) Pulverizing dry folium Mori, sieving with 18 mesh sieve to obtain dry folium Mori powder, or grinding fresh folium Mori; 2) Mixing folium Mori powder with organic solvent at a ratio of 1:6-8, stirring for more than 4 hr, and filtering to obtain extraction residue; 3) Mixing the extraction residue, dry mulberry leaf powder or crushed fresh mulberry leaf with water according to the ratio of 1:6-8, stirring for more than 4 hours, centrifuging or filtering the mixed solution to obtain clear supernatant or filtrate, and distilling the supernatant or filtrate under reduced pressure to constant weight to remove water to obtain the mulberry leaf water extract.

2. The use of a mulberry leaf extract according to claim 1, wherein the mulberry leaf aqueous extract is pulverized and dissolved in water or is added directly and uniformly to fish feed in the form of powder in the ratio of formulation.