Altitude-variable matching method for double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and diesel engine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a method for matching a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system with a diesel engine variable altitude.
Background
China is a big plateau country and has the highest plateau region in the world. The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the most representative plateau in the world, the average altitude exceeds 4000m, the total area reaches 240 km2, and the Qinghai-Tibet plateau occupies 1/4 of the territorial area of China. When the vehicle runs on highlands and highways (such as Qinghai-Tibet lines, Chuanzang lines, Dian-Tibet lines and the like), the vehicle has the characteristics of high altitude, large fall, steep slope, more long slopes and complex working conditions, the intake charge is reduced, the combustion of a diesel engine is deteriorated, and the technical performances such as power, fuel consumption rate, heat load and the like are obviously deteriorated. According to statistics, the diesel engine dynamic of the elevation of 1000m per liter is reduced by 4.0-13.0%, the economical efficiency is reduced by 2.7-12.9%, and the temperature of the vortex front exhaust and the cylinder cover is increased by 7-10%. The two-stage adjustable supercharging system has the characteristics of high pressure ratio and wide flow, and can improve the supercharging pressure of the diesel engine under high altitude. Particularly, the double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system is formed by connecting high-pressure VGTs and low-pressure VGTs in series, can effectively utilize exhaust energy and distribute the exhaust energy according to the change of altitude and working conditions, controls supercharging pressure and intake air flow in real time, improves the intake air density of diesel engines at different altitudes, ensures the optimal air-fuel ratio in cylinders, and achieves the aim that the power of the diesel engine at the altitude of 5500m is not reduced compared with that at the altitude of 0 m. How to realize the variable altitude matching of the dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and the diesel engine according to the altitude of the diesel engine and the change of the working condition is the key point which needs to be solved at present, therefore, the application of the patent provides a variable altitude matching method of the dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and the diesel engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for matching a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system with a diesel engine variable altitude, and realizes the full-working-condition recovery of the diesel engine dynamic property and the economy in the variable altitude.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for matching a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system with a diesel engine variable altitude is applied to the double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system of a plateau diesel engine, and is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system is converted into an equivalent single-stage adjustable supercharger, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly, respectively converting a high-pressure stage turbocharger, a low-pressure stage turbocharger and corresponding bypass valves into an equivalent high-pressure stage supercharger and an equivalent low-pressure stage supercharger; and then, converting the mass conservation and energy conservation formulas of the air intake and exhaust system into equivalent two-stage superchargers to respectively obtain corresponding equivalent turbine flow areas and equivalent supercharger efficiencies.
The equivalent supercharger efficiency is calculated by the following method:
let ρ be5Is equal to rho'5Then:
Δh(3-5)=Δh(3-4)+Δh(4-5)(1)
equivalent secondary turbine flow area A'TComprises the following steps:
wherein, muHT、μLTThe flow coefficients of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively; gamma and delta are bypass rates of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine respectively; piLTThe expansion ratio of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theHTAnd ALTThe geometric flow areas of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively as follows:
wherein A isHVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure stage turbine; a. theHRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the high-pressure stage; rho4、ρ5The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the high-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Wherein A isLVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theLRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the low-pressure stage; rho6、ρ7The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Combining the formulae (1), (2) and (3), canThe flow area of the equivalent turbine of the two-stage adjustable supercharger is obtained by the sectional area (A) of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure and low-pressure stage turbinesHV、ALV) And four parameters of high-pressure stage turbine bypass rate and low-pressure stage turbine bypass rate (gamma and delta) are determined, and four control variables corresponding to the opening degrees of the high-pressure stage VGT vanes and the low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve and the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve are determined.
The equivalent two-stage adjustable turbine efficiency is as follows:
equivalent low-pressure stage turbine efficiency:
like the exhaust system, the intake system is approximated as:
Δh(0-2)=Δh(0-1)+Δh(1-2)(7)
and (3) integrating the formulas (1), (5), (6) and (7) to obtain equivalent secondary turbine efficiency as follows:
the above-mentioned two VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system's of two variable altitude control strategy includes:
1) in the range of 0 m-3000 m altitude, the low-pressure turbine bypass valve is opened from full to full along with the rise of altitude. At the altitude of 3000 m-5500 m, the low-pressure turbine bypass valve is fully closed;
2) in the altitude range of 3000 m-5500 m, the opening degree of a high-pressure stage VGT blade and a high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve is controlled in real time by taking the fact that the boost pressure is not reduced as a target;
3) in the range of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the high-pressure stage VGT blade rises along with the rotating speed from the minimum opening degree to the maximum; at 1500 r/min-2100 r/min, the opening degree of the high-pressure stage VGT vanes is maximum, and the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve is increased along with the rotation speed and is switched from full-closed to full-open;
4) at the maximum torque point at an altitude of 3000m, the opening of the low-pressure stage VGT vanes increases from minimum to maximum as the load increases.
The method for calculating the adjusting range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system under the variable altitude condition comprises the following specific steps:
(1) obtaining the relation between the boost pressure and the flow area of the turbine according to the energy balance formula of the turbocharger:
at the same altitude, the intake pressure is constant, the cycle intake air amount of the diesel engine is constant, and the air-fuel ratio required for constant torque output is also constant at a fixed engine load, so it can be considered that the diesel engine exhaust temperature T is constant3If the value is constant, then equation (9) becomes:
under different altitude conditions, the power is recovered to a plain environment target according to the corresponding total pressure ratio picThe high-pressure stage VGT vanes and the HP-valve are adjusted according to the rotating speed of the engine, wherein the high-pressure stage VGT vanes are gradually opened to the maximum opening degree from the minimum to the maximum opening degree within the medium-low rotating speed range, and the HP-valve is gradually opened to the maximum opening degree within the medium-high rotating speed range from 1500r/min to 2100 r/min;
under the environment of an altitude of 3000m, the rotation speed ratio from the opening of the high-pressure stage VGT blade to the full opening is an adjusting range under the rotation speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, and in the rotation speed range, the high-pressure stage VGT blade adjusts the total boost pressure by adjusting the sectional area of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure stage turbine, and the rotation speed ratio is obtained by (10):
through the formula (11), at the rotating speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the adjusting capacity of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is related to the flow area ratio of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine and the highest supercharging pressure, and the influence of piLTWherein the higher and lower pressure stage turbine flow area ratioLarge, the stronger the regulating power. When the target maximum boost pressure increases, the corresponding piLTWhen the system adjusting energy is increased and weakened, the formula (11) can be used for determining the circulation range of the high-pressure stage VGT turbine in the matching stage of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system;
(2) under the circumstance of an altitude of 3000m, at the rotating speed of 1500 r/min-2100 r/min, the rotating speed ratio of HP-valve from closing to complete opening is the adjustment of the high rotating speed range in the two-stage supercharging system, and is obtained by the formula (10):
at nmax2The flow through the high-pressure stage turbine is very small, and can be approximately considered as (1-gamma)max)20, simplify (12) to:
(3) the LP-valve is adjusted according to the altitude, in the range of 0 m-3000 m, at the maximum torque point of the diesel engine, the LP-valve is closed from the maximum opening degree to the complete closing along with the increase of the altitude, the dynamic property of the engine is not reduced, and the formula (10) is changed as follows:
if the boost pressure is kept constant between 0m and 3000m, the following steps are performed:
at an altitude of 3000m, the full closing delta of the low-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 0, meanwhile, the full closing delta of the high-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 1-gamma, and the formula (15) is changed into:
(4) at the rated power point of 3000m at altitude, as the load increases and the exhaust temperature increases, the low pressure stage VGT vanes (LPVGT) are opened from minimum to maximum opening, and equation (10) becomes:
pre-vortex exhaust temperature ratio T from full closing to full opening of LPVGT vanesmax/TminThe regulation range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is that the supercharging pressure is regulated by regulating the opening degree of the LPVGT blades in the range
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the method comprises the step that the scheme design of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable pressurization system is matched with the variable altitude of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable pressurizer and the diesel engine. A dual VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system facing a plateau diesel engine is established, and comprises a high-pressure stage VGT, a low-pressure stage VGT, a high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) and a low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve). According to an exhaust system mass and energy conservation formula, a basic concept of 'equivalent double-VGT two-stage supercharging' is provided, and the turbine flow area and efficiency of an equivalent supercharger are determined. Finally, aiming at the condition that the boost pressure of different altitudes and medium and high rotating speeds is not reduced, in the variation range of the altitude, the rotating speed and the load, the variation range of the high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage turbine flow area ratio of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable boost system and the variation range of the control variable (HPVGT, LPVGT, HP-valve and LP-valve) of the boost system are determined.
2. According to the method, the flow areas of high-pressure and low-pressure stage turbines of a dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system are determined according to the changes of the altitude, the rotating speed and the load of a diesel engine, the opening change ranges of four control variables including HPVGT, LPVGT, HP-valve and LP-valve are further determined, and the full-working-condition recovery of the dynamic property and the economical property of the diesel engine within the altitude range of 0 m-5500 m is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dual VGT two-stage tunable boost system arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the conversion of the dual VGT two-stage adjustable boost system of the present invention into an equivalent single-stage adjustable boost;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing enthalpy-entropy relationship of a dual VGT two-stage adjustable turbine according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and a diesel engine variable altitude matching method are applied to a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system of a plateau diesel engine, and comprise a high-pressure stage VGT, a low-pressure stage VGT, a high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) and a low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve), the diesel engine, the high-pressure stage VGT and the low-pressure stage VGT are sequentially connected in series, and the high-pressure stage VGT and the low-pressure stage VGT are respectively connected with the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) and the low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve) in parallel.
The specific control strategies are shown in tables 1-3:
TABLE 1 control strategy for two-stage adjustable supercharging system under full-load working condition
TABLE 2 control strategy for two-stage adjustable supercharging system under medium load working condition
TABLE 3 control strategy for two-stage adjustable supercharging system under low-load working condition
1) In the range of 0m to 3000m of altitude, a low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve) is increased along with the altitude and is switched from full on to full off. LP-valve is totally closed at the altitude of 3000 m-5500 m.
2) And controlling the opening sizes of the HPVGT and the HP-valve in real time within the range of the elevation of 3000 m-5500 m by taking the fact that the boost pressure is not reduced as a target.
3) In the range of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the high pressure stage VGT (HPVGT) blade rises along with the rotating speed from the minimum opening degree to the maximum; and when the opening degree of the HPVGT is maximum at 1500 r/min-2100 r/min, the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) is increased along with the rotation speed and is switched from full-closed to full-open.
4) At the maximum torque point at an altitude of 3000m, the opening of the low-pressure stage VGT vanes increases from minimum to maximum as the load increases.
As shown in fig. 2, the method converts a dual VGT two-stage adjustable boost system into an equivalent single-stage adjustable boost process:
firstly, respectively converting a high-pressure stage turbocharger, a low-pressure stage turbocharger and a corresponding bypass valve into an equivalent high-pressure stage supercharger and an equivalent low-pressure stage supercharger,
and then, converting the mass conservation and energy conservation formulas of the air intake and exhaust system into equivalent two-stage superchargers to respectively obtain corresponding equivalent turbine flow areas and equivalent supercharger efficiencies.
As shown in FIG. 3, the enthalpy-entropy relationship diagram of the dual VGT two-stage adjustable turbine is shown.
For approximation, let ρ be5Is equal to rho'5Then:
Δh(3-5)=Δh(3-4)+Δh(4-5)(1)
equivalent secondary turbine flow area A'TComprises the following steps:
wherein, muHT、μLTThe flow coefficients of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively; gamma and delta are bypass rates of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine respectively; piLTThe expansion ratio of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theHTAnd ALTThe geometric flow areas of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively as follows:
wherein A isHVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure stage turbine; a. theHRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the high-pressure stage; rho4,ρ5The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the high-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Wherein A isLVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theLRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the low-pressure stage; rho6,ρ7The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3), the flow area of the equivalent turbine of the two-stage adjustable supercharger can be obtained from the sectional area (A) of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure and low-pressure stage turbinesHV、ALV) And four parameters of high-pressure stage turbine bypass rate and low-pressure stage turbine bypass rate (gamma and delta) are determined, and four control variables corresponding to the opening degrees of the high-pressure stage VGT vanes and the low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve and the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve are determined.
The equivalent two-stage adjustable turbine efficiency is as follows:
equivalent low-pressure stage turbine efficiency:
like the exhaust system, the intake system is approximated as:
Δh(0-2)=Δh(0-1)+Δh(1-2)(7)
and (3) integrating the formulas (1), (5), (6) and (7) to obtain equivalent secondary turbine efficiency as follows:
the altitude-variable matching method of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and the diesel engine comprises the following specific steps:
(1) obtaining the relation between the boost pressure and the flow area of the turbine according to the energy balance formula of the turbocharger:
at the same altitude, the intake pressure is constant, the cycle intake air amount of the diesel engine is constant, and the air-fuel ratio required for constant torque output is also constant at a fixed engine load, so it can be considered that the diesel engine exhaust temperature T is constant3If the value is constant, then equation (9) becomes:
under different altitude conditions, the power is recovered to a plain environment target according to the corresponding total pressure ratio picDifferent. The HPVGT and the HP-valve are adjusted according to the rotating speed of the engine, the HPVGT is opened from the minimum to the maximum opening degree in the medium and low rotating speed range (800 r/min-1500 r/min), and the HP-valve is gradually opened to the maximum opening degree in the medium and high rotating speed range (1500 r/min-2100 r/min).
Under the environment of an altitude of 3000m, the rotation speed ratio from opening of a high-pressure stage VGT (HPVGT) to full opening is an adjusting range under the rotation speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, and in the rotation speed range, the HPVGT adjusts the total boost pressure by adjusting the sectional area of a nozzle ring of a high-pressure stage turbine, and the rotation speed ratio is obtained by (10):
through the formula (11), at the rotating speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the adjusting capacity of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is related to the flow area ratio of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine and the highest supercharging pressure (influence pi)LT). Wherein, high-low pressure stage vortexThe larger the area ratio of the turn-by-turn is, the stronger the regulating ability is. When the target maximum boost pressure increases, the corresponding piLTThe system adjusts energy to decrease as it increases. Equation (11) may be used to determine the flow range of the high pressure stage VGT turbine during the mating phase of the two-stage variable boost system.
(2) Under the circumstance of an elevation of 3000m, the rotating speed ratio of HP-valve from closed to full open at the rotating speed of 1500 r/min-2100 r/min is the adjustment of the high rotating speed range in the two-stage supercharging system. From equation (10):
at nmax2The flow through the high-pressure stage turbine is very small, and can be approximately considered as (1-gamma)max)20, simplify (12) to:
(3) the LP-valve is adjusted according to the altitude, and in the range of 0m to 3000m, at the maximum torque point of the diesel engine, the LP-valve is completely closed from the maximum opening degree along with the increase of the altitude, and the dynamic property of the engine is not reduced. Equation (10) becomes:
if the boost pressure is kept constant between 0m and 3000m, the following steps are performed:
at an altitude of 3000m, the full closing delta of the low-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 0, meanwhile, the full closing delta of the high-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 1-gamma, and the formula (15) is changed into:
(4) at an altitude of 3000m rated power point, as the load increases, the exhaust temperature increases and the low pressure stage VGT vanes (LPVGT) are opened from a minimum to a maximum opening. Equation (10) becomes:
pre-volute exhaust gas temperature ratio (T) from full closure of LPVGT vanes to full openingmax/Tmin) The range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is adjusted. In the range, the boost pressure is adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the LPVGT blades.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.