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CN111075578A - Altitude-variable matching method for double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and diesel engine - Google Patents

Altitude-variable matching method for double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and diesel engine Download PDF

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CN111075578A
CN111075578A CN201911366930.8A CN201911366930A CN111075578A CN 111075578 A CN111075578 A CN 111075578A CN 201911366930 A CN201911366930 A CN 201911366930A CN 111075578 A CN111075578 A CN 111075578A
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刘瑞林
张众杰
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Army Military Transportation University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F02B37/183Arrangements of bypass valves or actuators therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/24Control of the pumps by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种双VGT二级可调增压系统与柴油机变海拔匹配方法,本方法应用于高原柴油机的双VGT二级可调增压系统,将双VGT二级可调增压系统转化为等效单级可调增压器,具体步骤为:首先,分别将高压级和低压级涡轮增压器及对应的旁通阀转化为等效高压级增压器和等效低压级增压器;然后,以进排气系统质量守恒和能量守恒公式,转化为等效二级增压器,分别得到了对应的等效涡轮流通面积和等效增压器效率。本方法根据海拔、柴油机转速和负荷的变化,确定双VGT二级可调增压系统高、低压级涡轮流通面积,进而确定HPVGT、LPVGT、HP‑valve和LP‑valve四个控制变量的开度变化范围,实现在0m~5500m海拔范围内,柴油机动力性和经济性的全工况恢复。

Figure 201911366930

The invention relates to a method for matching a dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and a diesel engine with variable altitude. The method is applied to a dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system of a plateau diesel engine, and converts the dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system into a Equivalent single-stage adjustable supercharger, the specific steps are: first, convert the high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage turbocharger and the corresponding bypass valve into an equivalent high-pressure stage supercharger and an equivalent low-pressure stage supercharger respectively ; Then, according to the formula of mass conservation and energy conservation of the intake and exhaust system, it is converted into an equivalent two-stage supercharger, and the corresponding equivalent turbine flow area and equivalent supercharger efficiency are obtained respectively. According to the changes of altitude, diesel engine speed and load, this method determines the high and low pressure stage turbine flow areas of the dual VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system, and then determines the opening of the four control variables HPVGT, LPVGT, HP-valve and LP-valve The range of change can be achieved in the altitude range of 0m to 5500m, and the power and economy of the diesel engine can be restored to all working conditions.

Figure 201911366930

Description

Altitude-variable matching method for double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and diesel engine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a method for matching a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system with a diesel engine variable altitude.
Background
China is a big plateau country and has the highest plateau region in the world. The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the most representative plateau in the world, the average altitude exceeds 4000m, the total area reaches 240 km2, and the Qinghai-Tibet plateau occupies 1/4 of the territorial area of China. When the vehicle runs on highlands and highways (such as Qinghai-Tibet lines, Chuanzang lines, Dian-Tibet lines and the like), the vehicle has the characteristics of high altitude, large fall, steep slope, more long slopes and complex working conditions, the intake charge is reduced, the combustion of a diesel engine is deteriorated, and the technical performances such as power, fuel consumption rate, heat load and the like are obviously deteriorated. According to statistics, the diesel engine dynamic of the elevation of 1000m per liter is reduced by 4.0-13.0%, the economical efficiency is reduced by 2.7-12.9%, and the temperature of the vortex front exhaust and the cylinder cover is increased by 7-10%. The two-stage adjustable supercharging system has the characteristics of high pressure ratio and wide flow, and can improve the supercharging pressure of the diesel engine under high altitude. Particularly, the double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system is formed by connecting high-pressure VGTs and low-pressure VGTs in series, can effectively utilize exhaust energy and distribute the exhaust energy according to the change of altitude and working conditions, controls supercharging pressure and intake air flow in real time, improves the intake air density of diesel engines at different altitudes, ensures the optimal air-fuel ratio in cylinders, and achieves the aim that the power of the diesel engine at the altitude of 5500m is not reduced compared with that at the altitude of 0 m. How to realize the variable altitude matching of the dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and the diesel engine according to the altitude of the diesel engine and the change of the working condition is the key point which needs to be solved at present, therefore, the application of the patent provides a variable altitude matching method of the dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and the diesel engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for matching a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system with a diesel engine variable altitude, and realizes the full-working-condition recovery of the diesel engine dynamic property and the economy in the variable altitude.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for matching a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system with a diesel engine variable altitude is applied to the double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system of a plateau diesel engine, and is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system is converted into an equivalent single-stage adjustable supercharger, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly, respectively converting a high-pressure stage turbocharger, a low-pressure stage turbocharger and corresponding bypass valves into an equivalent high-pressure stage supercharger and an equivalent low-pressure stage supercharger; and then, converting the mass conservation and energy conservation formulas of the air intake and exhaust system into equivalent two-stage superchargers to respectively obtain corresponding equivalent turbine flow areas and equivalent supercharger efficiencies.
The equivalent supercharger efficiency is calculated by the following method:
let ρ be5Is equal to rho'5Then:
Δh(3-5)=Δh(3-4)+Δh(4-5)(1)
equivalent secondary turbine flow area A'TComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002338665990000021
wherein, muHT、μLTThe flow coefficients of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively; gamma and delta are bypass rates of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine respectively; piLTThe expansion ratio of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theHTAnd ALTThe geometric flow areas of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002338665990000022
wherein A isHVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure stage turbine; a. theHRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the high-pressure stage; rho4、ρ5The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the high-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Figure BDA0002338665990000023
Wherein A isLVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theLRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the low-pressure stage; rho6、ρ7The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Combining the formulae (1), (2) and (3), canThe flow area of the equivalent turbine of the two-stage adjustable supercharger is obtained by the sectional area (A) of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure and low-pressure stage turbinesHV、ALV) And four parameters of high-pressure stage turbine bypass rate and low-pressure stage turbine bypass rate (gamma and delta) are determined, and four control variables corresponding to the opening degrees of the high-pressure stage VGT vanes and the low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve and the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve are determined.
The equivalent two-stage adjustable turbine efficiency is as follows:
Figure BDA0002338665990000024
equivalent low-pressure stage turbine efficiency:
Figure BDA0002338665990000025
like the exhaust system, the intake system is approximated as:
Δh(0-2)=Δh(0-1)+Δh(1-2)(7)
and (3) integrating the formulas (1), (5), (6) and (7) to obtain equivalent secondary turbine efficiency as follows:
Figure BDA0002338665990000031
the above-mentioned two VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system's of two variable altitude control strategy includes:
1) in the range of 0 m-3000 m altitude, the low-pressure turbine bypass valve is opened from full to full along with the rise of altitude. At the altitude of 3000 m-5500 m, the low-pressure turbine bypass valve is fully closed;
2) in the altitude range of 3000 m-5500 m, the opening degree of a high-pressure stage VGT blade and a high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve is controlled in real time by taking the fact that the boost pressure is not reduced as a target;
3) in the range of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the high-pressure stage VGT blade rises along with the rotating speed from the minimum opening degree to the maximum; at 1500 r/min-2100 r/min, the opening degree of the high-pressure stage VGT vanes is maximum, and the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve is increased along with the rotation speed and is switched from full-closed to full-open;
4) at the maximum torque point at an altitude of 3000m, the opening of the low-pressure stage VGT vanes increases from minimum to maximum as the load increases.
The method for calculating the adjusting range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system under the variable altitude condition comprises the following specific steps:
(1) obtaining the relation between the boost pressure and the flow area of the turbine according to the energy balance formula of the turbocharger:
Figure BDA0002338665990000032
at the same altitude, the intake pressure is constant, the cycle intake air amount of the diesel engine is constant, and the air-fuel ratio required for constant torque output is also constant at a fixed engine load, so it can be considered that the diesel engine exhaust temperature T is constant3If the value is constant, then equation (9) becomes:
Figure BDA0002338665990000033
under different altitude conditions, the power is recovered to a plain environment target according to the corresponding total pressure ratio picThe high-pressure stage VGT vanes and the HP-valve are adjusted according to the rotating speed of the engine, wherein the high-pressure stage VGT vanes are gradually opened to the maximum opening degree from the minimum to the maximum opening degree within the medium-low rotating speed range, and the HP-valve is gradually opened to the maximum opening degree within the medium-high rotating speed range from 1500r/min to 2100 r/min;
under the environment of an altitude of 3000m, the rotation speed ratio from the opening of the high-pressure stage VGT blade to the full opening is an adjusting range under the rotation speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, and in the rotation speed range, the high-pressure stage VGT blade adjusts the total boost pressure by adjusting the sectional area of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure stage turbine, and the rotation speed ratio is obtained by (10):
Figure BDA0002338665990000041
through the formula (11), at the rotating speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the adjusting capacity of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is related to the flow area ratio of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine and the highest supercharging pressure, and the influence of piLTWherein the higher and lower pressure stage turbine flow area ratioLarge, the stronger the regulating power. When the target maximum boost pressure increases, the corresponding piLTWhen the system adjusting energy is increased and weakened, the formula (11) can be used for determining the circulation range of the high-pressure stage VGT turbine in the matching stage of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system;
(2) under the circumstance of an altitude of 3000m, at the rotating speed of 1500 r/min-2100 r/min, the rotating speed ratio of HP-valve from closing to complete opening is the adjustment of the high rotating speed range in the two-stage supercharging system, and is obtained by the formula (10):
Figure BDA0002338665990000042
at nmax2The flow through the high-pressure stage turbine is very small, and can be approximately considered as (1-gamma)max)20, simplify (12) to:
Figure BDA0002338665990000043
(3) the LP-valve is adjusted according to the altitude, in the range of 0 m-3000 m, at the maximum torque point of the diesel engine, the LP-valve is closed from the maximum opening degree to the complete closing along with the increase of the altitude, the dynamic property of the engine is not reduced, and the formula (10) is changed as follows:
Figure BDA0002338665990000044
if the boost pressure is kept constant between 0m and 3000m, the following steps are performed:
Figure BDA0002338665990000051
at an altitude of 3000m, the full closing delta of the low-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 0, meanwhile, the full closing delta of the high-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 1-gamma, and the formula (15) is changed into:
Figure BDA0002338665990000052
(4) at the rated power point of 3000m at altitude, as the load increases and the exhaust temperature increases, the low pressure stage VGT vanes (LPVGT) are opened from minimum to maximum opening, and equation (10) becomes:
Figure BDA0002338665990000053
pre-vortex exhaust temperature ratio T from full closing to full opening of LPVGT vanesmax/TminThe regulation range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is that the supercharging pressure is regulated by regulating the opening degree of the LPVGT blades in the range
Figure BDA0002338665990000054
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the method comprises the step that the scheme design of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable pressurization system is matched with the variable altitude of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable pressurizer and the diesel engine. A dual VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system facing a plateau diesel engine is established, and comprises a high-pressure stage VGT, a low-pressure stage VGT, a high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) and a low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve). According to an exhaust system mass and energy conservation formula, a basic concept of 'equivalent double-VGT two-stage supercharging' is provided, and the turbine flow area and efficiency of an equivalent supercharger are determined. Finally, aiming at the condition that the boost pressure of different altitudes and medium and high rotating speeds is not reduced, in the variation range of the altitude, the rotating speed and the load, the variation range of the high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage turbine flow area ratio of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable boost system and the variation range of the control variable (HPVGT, LPVGT, HP-valve and LP-valve) of the boost system are determined.
2. According to the method, the flow areas of high-pressure and low-pressure stage turbines of a dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system are determined according to the changes of the altitude, the rotating speed and the load of a diesel engine, the opening change ranges of four control variables including HPVGT, LPVGT, HP-valve and LP-valve are further determined, and the full-working-condition recovery of the dynamic property and the economical property of the diesel engine within the altitude range of 0 m-5500 m is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dual VGT two-stage tunable boost system arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the conversion of the dual VGT two-stage adjustable boost system of the present invention into an equivalent single-stage adjustable boost;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing enthalpy-entropy relationship of a dual VGT two-stage adjustable turbine according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and a diesel engine variable altitude matching method are applied to a double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system of a plateau diesel engine, and comprise a high-pressure stage VGT, a low-pressure stage VGT, a high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) and a low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve), the diesel engine, the high-pressure stage VGT and the low-pressure stage VGT are sequentially connected in series, and the high-pressure stage VGT and the low-pressure stage VGT are respectively connected with the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) and the low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve) in parallel.
The specific control strategies are shown in tables 1-3:
TABLE 1 control strategy for two-stage adjustable supercharging system under full-load working condition
Figure BDA0002338665990000061
TABLE 2 control strategy for two-stage adjustable supercharging system under medium load working condition
Figure BDA0002338665990000062
Figure BDA0002338665990000071
TABLE 3 control strategy for two-stage adjustable supercharging system under low-load working condition
Figure BDA0002338665990000072
1) In the range of 0m to 3000m of altitude, a low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (LP-valve) is increased along with the altitude and is switched from full on to full off. LP-valve is totally closed at the altitude of 3000 m-5500 m.
2) And controlling the opening sizes of the HPVGT and the HP-valve in real time within the range of the elevation of 3000 m-5500 m by taking the fact that the boost pressure is not reduced as a target.
3) In the range of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the high pressure stage VGT (HPVGT) blade rises along with the rotating speed from the minimum opening degree to the maximum; and when the opening degree of the HPVGT is maximum at 1500 r/min-2100 r/min, the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve (HP-valve) is increased along with the rotation speed and is switched from full-closed to full-open.
4) At the maximum torque point at an altitude of 3000m, the opening of the low-pressure stage VGT vanes increases from minimum to maximum as the load increases.
As shown in fig. 2, the method converts a dual VGT two-stage adjustable boost system into an equivalent single-stage adjustable boost process:
firstly, respectively converting a high-pressure stage turbocharger, a low-pressure stage turbocharger and a corresponding bypass valve into an equivalent high-pressure stage supercharger and an equivalent low-pressure stage supercharger,
and then, converting the mass conservation and energy conservation formulas of the air intake and exhaust system into equivalent two-stage superchargers to respectively obtain corresponding equivalent turbine flow areas and equivalent supercharger efficiencies.
As shown in FIG. 3, the enthalpy-entropy relationship diagram of the dual VGT two-stage adjustable turbine is shown.
For approximation, let ρ be5Is equal to rho'5Then:
Δh(3-5)=Δh(3-4)+Δh(4-5)(1)
equivalent secondary turbine flow area A'TComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002338665990000081
wherein, muHT、μLTThe flow coefficients of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively; gamma and delta are bypass rates of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine respectively; piLTThe expansion ratio of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theHTAnd ALTThe geometric flow areas of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002338665990000082
wherein A isHVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure stage turbine; a. theHRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the high-pressure stage; rho4,ρ5The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the high-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Figure BDA0002338665990000083
Wherein A isLVThe sectional area of the nozzle ring of the low-pressure stage turbine; a. theLRThe sectional area of the outlet of the turbine blade of the low-pressure stage; rho6,ρ7The gas density of the nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet of the low-pressure stage turbine are respectively.
Combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3), the flow area of the equivalent turbine of the two-stage adjustable supercharger can be obtained from the sectional area (A) of the nozzle ring of the high-pressure and low-pressure stage turbinesHV、ALV) And four parameters of high-pressure stage turbine bypass rate and low-pressure stage turbine bypass rate (gamma and delta) are determined, and four control variables corresponding to the opening degrees of the high-pressure stage VGT vanes and the low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve and the high-pressure stage turbine bypass valve are determined.
The equivalent two-stage adjustable turbine efficiency is as follows:
Figure BDA0002338665990000084
equivalent low-pressure stage turbine efficiency:
Figure BDA0002338665990000085
like the exhaust system, the intake system is approximated as:
Δh(0-2)=Δh(0-1)+Δh(1-2)(7)
and (3) integrating the formulas (1), (5), (6) and (7) to obtain equivalent secondary turbine efficiency as follows:
Figure BDA0002338665990000091
the altitude-variable matching method of the double-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system and the diesel engine comprises the following specific steps:
(1) obtaining the relation between the boost pressure and the flow area of the turbine according to the energy balance formula of the turbocharger:
Figure BDA0002338665990000092
at the same altitude, the intake pressure is constant, the cycle intake air amount of the diesel engine is constant, and the air-fuel ratio required for constant torque output is also constant at a fixed engine load, so it can be considered that the diesel engine exhaust temperature T is constant3If the value is constant, then equation (9) becomes:
Figure BDA0002338665990000093
under different altitude conditions, the power is recovered to a plain environment target according to the corresponding total pressure ratio picDifferent. The HPVGT and the HP-valve are adjusted according to the rotating speed of the engine, the HPVGT is opened from the minimum to the maximum opening degree in the medium and low rotating speed range (800 r/min-1500 r/min), and the HP-valve is gradually opened to the maximum opening degree in the medium and high rotating speed range (1500 r/min-2100 r/min).
Under the environment of an altitude of 3000m, the rotation speed ratio from opening of a high-pressure stage VGT (HPVGT) to full opening is an adjusting range under the rotation speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, and in the rotation speed range, the HPVGT adjusts the total boost pressure by adjusting the sectional area of a nozzle ring of a high-pressure stage turbine, and the rotation speed ratio is obtained by (10):
Figure BDA0002338665990000094
through the formula (11), at the rotating speed of 800 r/min-1500 r/min, the adjusting capacity of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is related to the flow area ratio of the high-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage turbine and the highest supercharging pressure (influence pi)LT). Wherein, high-low pressure stage vortexThe larger the area ratio of the turn-by-turn is, the stronger the regulating ability is. When the target maximum boost pressure increases, the corresponding piLTThe system adjusts energy to decrease as it increases. Equation (11) may be used to determine the flow range of the high pressure stage VGT turbine during the mating phase of the two-stage variable boost system.
(2) Under the circumstance of an elevation of 3000m, the rotating speed ratio of HP-valve from closed to full open at the rotating speed of 1500 r/min-2100 r/min is the adjustment of the high rotating speed range in the two-stage supercharging system. From equation (10):
Figure BDA0002338665990000101
at nmax2The flow through the high-pressure stage turbine is very small, and can be approximately considered as (1-gamma)max)20, simplify (12) to:
Figure BDA0002338665990000102
(3) the LP-valve is adjusted according to the altitude, and in the range of 0m to 3000m, at the maximum torque point of the diesel engine, the LP-valve is completely closed from the maximum opening degree along with the increase of the altitude, and the dynamic property of the engine is not reduced. Equation (10) becomes:
Figure BDA0002338665990000103
if the boost pressure is kept constant between 0m and 3000m, the following steps are performed:
Figure BDA0002338665990000104
at an altitude of 3000m, the full closing delta of the low-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 0, meanwhile, the full closing delta of the high-pressure-stage bypass valve is equal to 1-gamma, and the formula (15) is changed into:
Figure BDA0002338665990000111
(4) at an altitude of 3000m rated power point, as the load increases, the exhaust temperature increases and the low pressure stage VGT vanes (LPVGT) are opened from a minimum to a maximum opening. Equation (10) becomes:
Figure BDA0002338665990000112
pre-volute exhaust gas temperature ratio (T) from full closure of LPVGT vanes to full openingmax/Tmin) The range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is adjusted. In the range, the boost pressure is adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the LPVGT blades.
Figure BDA0002338665990000113
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Claims (4)

1.一种双VGT二级可调增压系统与柴油机变海拔匹配方法,本方法应用于高原柴油机的双VGT二级可调增压系统,其特征在于:将双VGT二级可调增压系统转化为等效单级可调增压器,具体步骤为:首先,分别将高压级和低压级涡轮增压器及对应的旁通阀转化为等效高压级增压器和等效低压级增压器;然后,以进排气系统质量守恒和能量守恒公式,转化为等效二级增压器,分别得到了对应的等效涡轮流通面积和等效增压器效率。1. a dual VGT secondary adjustable supercharging system and a diesel engine variable altitude matching method, this method is applied to the dual VGT secondary adjustable supercharging system of the plateau diesel engine, it is characterized in that: the dual VGT secondary adjustable supercharging The system is transformed into an equivalent single-stage adjustable supercharger. The specific steps are: first, convert the high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage turbocharger and the corresponding bypass valve into an equivalent high-pressure stage supercharger and an equivalent low-pressure stage respectively. Then, according to the formula of mass conservation and energy conservation of the intake and exhaust system, it is converted into an equivalent two-stage supercharger, and the corresponding equivalent turbine flow area and equivalent supercharger efficiency are obtained respectively. 2.根据权利要求1所述的双VGT二级可调增压系统与柴油机变海拔匹配方法,其特征在于:等效增压器效率的计算方法为:2. The dual VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system according to claim 1 and the diesel engine variable altitude matching method, it is characterized in that: the calculation method of the equivalent supercharger efficiency is: 设ρ5等于ρ′5,那么:Let ρ 5 be equal to ρ′ 5 , then: Δh(3-5)=Δh(3-4)+Δh(4-5) (1)Δh (3-5) = Δh (3-4) + Δh (4-5) (1) 等效二级涡轮流通面积AT为:The equivalent secondary turbine flow area A T is:
Figure FDA0002338665980000011
Figure FDA0002338665980000011
其中,μHT、μLT分别为高压级和低压级涡轮的流通系数;γ、δ分别为高压级涡轮和低压级涡轮的旁通率;πLT为低压级涡轮的膨胀比;AHT和ALT分别为高、低压级涡轮几何流通面积,分别为:Among them, μ HT and μ LT are the flow coefficients of the high-pressure and low-pressure turbines, respectively; γ and δ are the bypass ratios of the high-pressure and low-pressure turbines, respectively; π LT is the expansion ratio of the low-pressure turbine; A HT and A LT is the geometrical flow area of the high and low pressure stage turbines, respectively:
Figure FDA0002338665980000012
Figure FDA0002338665980000012
其中,AHV为高压级涡轮喷嘴环截面积;AHR为高压级涡轮叶片出口截面积;ρ4、ρ5分别为高压级涡轮喷嘴环出口和涡轮叶片出口的燃气密度。Among them, A HV is the cross-sectional area of the high-pressure stage turbine nozzle ring; A HR is the cross-sectional area of the high-pressure stage turbine blade outlet; ρ 4 and ρ 5 are the gas densities at the high-pressure stage turbine nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet, respectively.
Figure FDA0002338665980000013
Figure FDA0002338665980000013
其中,ALV为低压级涡轮喷嘴环截面积;ALR为低压级涡轮叶片出口截面积;ρ6、ρ7分别为低压级涡轮喷嘴环出口和涡轮叶片出口的燃气密度。Among them, ALV is the cross-sectional area of the low-pressure stage turbine nozzle ring; ALR is the cross-sectional area of the low-pressure stage turbine blade outlet; ρ 6 and ρ 7 are the gas densities at the low-pressure stage turbine nozzle ring outlet and the turbine blade outlet, respectively. 结合(1)、(2)和(3)式,能够得到二级可调增压器等效涡轮流通面积的大小由高、低压级涡轮喷嘴环截面积(AHV、ALV)和高、低压级涡轮旁通率(γ、δ)四个参数决定,对应着高、低压级VGT叶片开度和高、低压级涡轮旁通阀开度四个控制变量。Combining equations (1), (2) and (3), it can be obtained that the size of the equivalent turbine flow area of the two-stage adjustable supercharger is divided by the high and low pressure stage turbine nozzle ring cross-sectional areas (A HV , A LV ) and the high and low pressure stages. The low-pressure stage turbine bypass ratio (γ, δ) is determined by four parameters, corresponding to the four control variables of the high and low-pressure stage VGT vane openings and the high and low-pressure stage turbine bypass valve openings. 等效二级可调涡轮效率为:The equivalent secondary adjustable turbine efficiency is:
Figure FDA0002338665980000021
Figure FDA0002338665980000021
等效低压级涡轮效率:Equivalent low pressure stage turbine efficiency:
Figure FDA0002338665980000022
Figure FDA0002338665980000022
与排气系统类似,进气系统近似为:Similar to the exhaust system, the intake system is approximately: Δh(0-2)=Δh(0-1)+Δh(1-2) (7)Δh (0-2) = Δh (0-1) +Δh (1-2) (7) 综合公式(1)、(5)、(6)、(7),得到等效二级涡轮效率为:Combining formulas (1), (5), (6), and (7), the equivalent secondary turbine efficiency is obtained as:
Figure FDA0002338665980000023
Figure FDA0002338665980000023
3.根据权利要求1所述的双VGT二级可调增压系统与柴油机变海拔匹配方法,其特征在于:双VGT二级可调增压系统的变海拔控制策略,包括:3. The dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system according to claim 1 and the diesel engine variable altitude matching method, it is characterized in that: the variable altitude control strategy of the dual VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system, comprising: 1)在0m~3000m海拔范围内,低压级涡轮旁通阀随海拔升高,由全开至全关。在3000m~5500m海拔,低压级涡轮旁通阀全关;1) Within the altitude range of 0m to 3000m, the low-pressure turbine bypass valve increases with the altitude, from fully open to fully closed. At altitudes from 3000m to 5500m, the low-pressure turbine bypass valve is fully closed; 2)在3000m~5500m海拔范围内,以增压压力不降低为目标,实时控制高压级VGT叶片和高压级涡轮旁通阀开度大小;2) In the altitude range of 3000m ~ 5500m, with the goal of not reducing the boost pressure, real-time control of the opening of the high-pressure VGT blades and the high-pressure turbine bypass valve; 3)在800r/min~1500r/min范围,高压级VGT叶片随转速升高,由最小开度至最大;在1500r/min~2100r/min,高压级VGT叶片开度最大,高压级涡轮旁通阀随转速升高,由全关至全开;3) In the range of 800r/min~1500r/min, the high-pressure stage VGT blades increase with the rotation speed, from the smallest opening to the largest; in 1500r/min~2100r/min, the high-pressure stage VGT blades have the largest opening, and the high-pressure stage turbine bypasses The valve increases with the speed, from fully closed to fully open; 4)在海拔3000m最大转矩点,低压级VGT叶片随着负荷的升高开度由最小至最大。4) At the maximum torque point of 3000m above sea level, the opening of the low-pressure VGT blades increases from minimum to maximum with the increase of load. 4.根据权利要求1所述的双VGT二级可调增压系统与柴油机变海拔匹配方法,其特征在于:计算变海拔条件下二级可调增压系统的调节范围,具体步骤为:4. The dual-VGT two-stage adjustable supercharging system according to claim 1 and the variable altitude matching method of a diesel engine, characterized in that: calculating the adjustment range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system under the variable altitude condition, and the concrete steps are: (1)根据涡轮增压器能量平衡公式,得到增压压力和涡轮流量和流通面积的关系:(1) According to the energy balance formula of the turbocharger, the relationship between the boost pressure, the turbine flow rate and the flow area is obtained:
Figure FDA0002338665980000024
Figure FDA0002338665980000024
在同一海拔下,进气压力不变,柴油机的循环进气量不变,在固定发动机负荷情况下,不变的转矩输出所需的空燃比也不变,因此可认为柴油机排气温度T3为定值,则(9)式变为:At the same altitude, the intake pressure remains unchanged, and the circulating intake air volume of the diesel engine remains unchanged. Under a fixed engine load, the air-fuel ratio required for constant torque output also remains unchanged. Therefore, it can be considered that the diesel engine exhaust temperature T 3 is a fixed value, then equation (9) becomes:
Figure FDA0002338665980000031
Figure FDA0002338665980000031
不同海拔条件下,根据功率恢复至平原环境目标,对应的总压比πc不同,其中,高压级VGT叶片和HP-valve根据发动机转速进行调节,在中低转速范围下800r/min~1500r/min,高压级VGT叶片由最小至最大开度,在中高转速范围1500r/min~2100r/min,HP-valve逐渐开启至最大开度;Under different altitude conditions, according to the power recovery to the plain environment target, the corresponding total pressure ratio πc is different. Among them, the high-pressure stage VGT blades and HP-valve are adjusted according to the engine speed, 800r/min~1500r/min in the low and medium speed range. min, the high-pressure VGT blade opens from the smallest to the largest, and in the medium and high speed range of 1500r/min ~ 2100r/min, the HP-valve gradually opens to the largest opening; 在海拔3000m环境下,从高压级VGT叶片开启至全开的转速比,为转速800r/min~1500r/min下的调节范围,这个转速范围内,高压级VGT叶片通过调节高压级涡轮喷嘴环截面积对总增压压力进行调节,由(10)得到:In the environment of 3000m above sea level, the speed ratio from the opening of the high-pressure stage VGT blades to the full opening is the adjustment range at the speed of 800r/min ~ 1500r/min. Within this speed range, the high-pressure stage VGT blades are cut by adjusting the high-pressure stage turbine nozzle ring. The area adjusts the total boost pressure, which is obtained from (10):
Figure FDA0002338665980000032
Figure FDA0002338665980000032
通过式(11),在转速800r/min~1500r/min,二级可调增压系统调节能力与高、低压级涡轮流通面积比和最高增压压力有关,影响πLT,其中,高低压级涡轮流通面积比越大,调节能力越强。当目标最高增压压力升高时,相应的πLT升高,系统调节能量减弱,式(11)在二级可调增压系统的选配阶段可用来确定高压级VGT涡轮的流通范围;According to formula (11), at the speed of 800r/min~1500r/min, the adjustment capability of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system is related to the flow area ratio of the high- and low-pressure stage turbines and the maximum supercharging pressure, which affects π LT , among which, the high-low pressure stage The larger the turbine flow area ratio, the stronger the adjustment ability. When the target maximum supercharging pressure increases, the corresponding π LT increases, and the system regulation energy decreases. Equation (11) can be used to determine the circulation range of the high-pressure stage VGT turbine in the selection stage of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system; (2)在海拔3000m环境下,在转速1500r/min~2100r/min,HP-valve从关闭至完全开启的转速比,为二级增压系统中高转速范围的调节,由公式(10)得:(2) In the environment of 3000m above sea level, at the speed of 1500r/min~2100r/min, the speed ratio of HP-valve from closed to fully open is the adjustment of the high speed range in the two-stage supercharging system, which is obtained from formula (10):
Figure FDA0002338665980000033
Figure FDA0002338665980000033
在nmax2处,流经高压级涡轮流量很小,可近似认为(1-γmax)2≈0,将(12)简化为:At n max2 , the flow through the high-pressure stage turbine is very small, which can be approximated as (1-γ max ) 2 ≈0, and (12) is simplified as:
Figure FDA0002338665980000041
Figure FDA0002338665980000041
(3)LP-valve根据海拔进行调节,在0m~3000m范围,在柴油机最大转矩点,随着海拔升高,LP-valve由最大开度至完全关闭,发动机的动力性不降低,公式(10)变为:(3) The LP-valve is adjusted according to the altitude. In the range of 0m to 3000m, at the maximum torque point of the diesel engine, with the increase of the altitude, the LP-valve is completely closed from the maximum opening degree, and the power of the engine does not decrease. The formula ( 10) becomes:
Figure FDA0002338665980000042
Figure FDA0002338665980000042
若保持增压压力在0m~3000m不变,则有:If the boost pressure is kept constant between 0m and 3000m, there are:
Figure FDA0002338665980000043
Figure FDA0002338665980000043
在海拔3000m,低压级旁通阀全关δ=0,同时,调节过程中高压级旁通阀全关,At an altitude of 3000m, the bypass valve of the low pressure stage is fully closed δ=0, and at the same time, the bypass valve of the high pressure stage is fully closed during the adjustment process. 1-γ≈1,将(15)式变为:1-γ≈1, change equation (15) into:
Figure FDA0002338665980000044
Figure FDA0002338665980000044
(4)在海拔3000m额定功率点,随着负荷增加,排气温度升高,低压级VGT叶片(LPVGT)由开度最小至最大开度,公式(10)变为:(4) At the rated power point of 3000m above sea level, as the load increases, the exhaust temperature increases, and the low-pressure stage VGT vane (LPVGT) changes from the minimum opening to the maximum opening, and formula (10) becomes:
Figure FDA0002338665980000045
Figure FDA0002338665980000045
从LPVGT叶片全部关闭至全开的涡前排气温度比Tmax/Tmin为二级可调增压系统调节范围,这个范围内通过调节LPVGT叶片开度大小对增压压力进行调节The temperature ratio T max /T min of the exhaust gas before the vortex from the fully closed to fully opened LPVGT vanes is the adjustment range of the two-stage adjustable supercharging system. In this range, the supercharging pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the LPVGT vanes.
Figure FDA0002338665980000051
Figure FDA0002338665980000051
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