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CN111069566A - In-situ preparation and forming method and device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry - Google Patents

In-situ preparation and forming method and device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry Download PDF

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CN111069566A
CN111069566A CN202010005088.1A CN202010005088A CN111069566A CN 111069566 A CN111069566 A CN 111069566A CN 202010005088 A CN202010005088 A CN 202010005088A CN 111069566 A CN111069566 A CN 111069566A
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semi
solid
heating
temperature
solid slurry
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CN111069566B (en
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范鹏
付彭怀
郑飞燕
彭立明
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SHANGHAI LIGHT ALLOY NET FORMING NATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER CO LTD
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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SHANGHAI LIGHT ALLOY NET FORMING NATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER CO LTD
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ preparation and forming method and device, wherein the device comprises an extrusion casting machine and a die which is arranged in the extrusion casting machine and is provided with a semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system, the die comprises an upper die, a lower die, a side die and a die cavity formed by the side die, a semi-solid blank in-situ heating cavity communicated with the die cavity is arranged in the center of the upper die, and the in-situ heating system is arranged outside the semi-solid blank/slurry in-situ heating cavity. The forming method comprises the following steps: A. loading semi-solid blank; B. preparing semi-solid slurry; C. extrusion casting molding of the semi-solid slurry; D. and opening the mold to take out the casting. The method can effectively reduce the heat loss in the semi-solid slurry transfer process, improve the formability and the process stability of the semi-solid slurry, shorten the time required by the electromagnetic induction heating preparation of the semi-solid slurry, obviously reduce the equipment cost of the extrusion casting machine, and simultaneously is more beneficial to realizing mechanization and safe production.

Description

In-situ preparation and forming method and device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal semi-solid processing, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding of aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry.
Background
The metal semi-solid processing technology is a novel processing and forming method between the traditional solid processing technology (such as extrusion, forging and rolling) and liquid forming (such as casting). Because the semi-solid metal contains liquid metal and solid metal at the same time, compared with solid processing, the semi-solid processing has smaller molding resistance and can mold more complex shapes; compared with liquid forming, the oxidation resistance of the alloy is obviously improved when the alloy is processed at a lower temperature in a semi-solid state, the content of shrinkage defects is obviously reduced, and gas is not easy to be involved when the semi-solid metal is molded with a larger viscosity; the total amount of latent heat of crystallization released when the semi-solid metal is solidified is low, and the service life of the die is obviously prolonged. Therefore, semi-solid metal processing has the characteristics of less casting defects, low porosity, long service life of a die, easiness in processing and forming and the like, and is advocated by researchers once being provided. However, metal semi-solid processing is still rarely applied in practical production, mainly due to the small process window and the high control difficulty of semi-solid processing. Researches show that when the liquid fraction of the semi-solid slurry (semi-solid state) is 40-60%, the semi-solid slurry has the best formability, the temperature window corresponding to the liquid fraction of 40-60% is usually smaller, the semi-solid slurry preparation and processing forming processes need to be accurately controlled, and small process fluctuation can cause the obvious change of the liquid fraction of the semi-solid slurry, so that the forming defect is generated. For example, in the semi-solid die casting of aluminum alloy, once the semi-solid slurry has a large heat loss in the die casting process, casting defects such as cold shut and insufficient casting can be generated.
The metal semi-solid forming comprises two modes of rheoforming and thixoforming. Rheoforming refers to cooling a metal melt to a semi-solid temperature range, preparing semi-solid slurry by modification, violent stirring, vibration and other modes, and then directly using the semi-solid slurry for forming. The thixoforming is that the semi-solid slurry is firstly solidified into ingot blank to obtain semi-solid blank (solid), then the semi-solid blank is cut into sections according to requirements and then heated for the second time to obtain the semi-solid slurry, and then the semi-solid slurry is conveyed to a forming device to be processed and formed. The two methods are applied to industrial production and have respective characteristics. Rheological pulping and forming are completed synchronously, so that the cost is low; the thixoforming separates the pulping process from the semi-solid forming process, has higher cost, but is easier for microstructure regulation and control and production environment control.
The thixoforming is a semi-solid processing technology which is firstly applied industrially, and the whole processing process comprises three procedures of (1) semi-solid blank preparation, (2) secondary heating and (3) processing and forming, wherein the semi-solid blank preparation (procedure 1) is usually carried out independently, the semi-solid blank is cut into ingots with specific sizes according to subsequent requirements after the semi-solid blank preparation is finished, then the ingots (semi-solid blanks) are heated to a specific temperature, semi-solid slurry is obtained after the semi-solid blank is kept warm for a period of time (procedure 2), and finally the semi-solid slurry is conveyed into forming equipment to be processed and formed (procedure 3), namely, the secondary heating in the procedure 2 and the processing and forming in the procedure 3 are finished sequentially, the heat loss of the semi-solid slurry in the procedures of the procedure 2 and the procedure 3 determines the quality of.
Because the semi-solid slurry is easy to deform and cannot be directly clamped by a tool, the semi-solid slurry is usually required to be contained by a container, and before forming, the semi-solid slurry is taken out of the container and placed into a die, and then is processed and formed. The semi-solid slurry has heat loss in the transfer process, for example, the heat loss is caused by thermal radiation and air convection in the transfer process of the container, the heat loss is caused when the semi-solid slurry is poured out or ejected from the container, the semi-solid slurry enters the die to contact with the die and loses heat through heat conduction, and the longer the waiting time between the semi-solid slurry entering the die and the forming is, the larger the heat loss is; once the heat loss of the semi-solid slurry exceeds a certain limit, the formability thereof is affected, thereby causing casting defects such as cold shut and insufficient casting. Again, these heat losses cannot be compensated for by increasing the superheat: increasing the overheating can cause the liquid fraction in the semi-solid slurry to exceed 60%, and further, the defects of 'foot-like' in the heating process, solid-liquid phase separation in subsequent processing and forming and the like can be generated. Therefore, in the semi-solid thixoforming process, how to control the heat loss of the semi-solid slurry in the transfer process within an acceptable range after the slurry preparation is completed is the key of the success or failure of thixoforming.
There are many patents on the preparation of semi-solid slurries, but there are few patents on how to effectively reduce the heat loss of semi-solid slurries during transfer. For example, the semi-solid metal blank full-automatic continuous secondary heating device (CN201310521522.1) invented by Beijing color research institute well solves the technical problem of how to continuously and stably supply semi-solid slurry in the thixoforming process, but the patent does not relate to the problem of transfer of the semi-solid blank from a pulping device to a forming device. The invention discloses a device for continuous heating, hot-pressing and casting forming of aluminum alloy semi-solid blank (CN201821950985.4) invented by Jinyahao precision metal technology (Dongguan) Limited company, which realizes heating and transfer of the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank through a linear feeder, a tunnel heating furnace and a chute, but does not mention the problem of how to effectively reduce the heat loss of the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry after the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry comes out of the heating furnace in the waiting process of the chute and after the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry enters a pressure chamber and before forming, and the heat loss obviously influences the forming performance of the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry in the two. Therefore, there is currently no particularly effective solution for reducing the heat loss during the post-pulping transfer of semi-solid slurries.
The electromagnetic induction heating has the advantages of high heating rate, energy conservation, environmental protection, capability of realizing gradient heating and the like, and is widely used for industrial production, such as ingot heating before extrusion of aluminum alloy sections. However, due to the "skin effect" of electromagnetic induction heating, the temperature of the surface of the ingot is significantly higher than that of the core when heating, i.e., there is severe non-uniformity in temperature when heating the ingot by electromagnetic induction. The heating nonuniformity obviously reduces the electromagnetic induction heating rate, namely, a longer ingot heating temperature is needed to obtain a uniform temperature, for example, the preparation method disclosed by the semi-solid metal blank full-automatic continuous secondary heating device (CN201310521522.1) needs 10 minutes to obtain ideal semi-solid slurry. In order to increase the electromagnetic induction heating rate and shorten the electromagnetic induction heating time, a more efficient heating method is required.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding of aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry, aiming at effectively reducing the heat loss of the semi-solid slurry in the transfer process and improving the electromagnetic induction heating efficiency in the semi-solid slurry preparation process.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding device, which comprises an extrusion casting machine and a die with a semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system, wherein the die with the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system is arranged in the extrusion casting machine, the die with the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system comprises an upper die, a lower die, a side die and a die cavity formed by the side die, a semi-solid blank in-situ heating cavity communicated with the die cavity is arranged at the center of the upper die, and the in-situ heating system is arranged outside the semi-solid blank/slurry in-situ heating;
the extrusion casting machine comprises an upper oil cylinder, a lower oil cylinder and a side oil cylinder, wherein the upper oil cylinder is connected with an upper oil cylinder punch head, the lower oil cylinder is connected with a lower oil cylinder punch head, and the upper oil cylinder punch head and the lower oil cylinder punch head are respectively arranged above and below the semi-solid blank/slurry in-situ heating cavity; and the side oil cylinder is connected with the corresponding side die.
Preferably, a supporting plate is arranged below the semi-solid blank/slurry in-situ heating cavity, the supporting plate is connected with the lower oil cylinder punch, and a hard asbestos plate is arranged between the supporting plate and the lower oil cylinder punch; and a supporting plate groove is formed in the lower die, and the shape of the inner surface of the supporting plate groove is the same as that of the outer surface of the supporting plate.
Preferably, the center and the edge of the supporting plate are respectively provided with a temperature sensor; the edge-mounted temperature sensor is located 10mm from the edge. The surface of the temperature sensor is sprayed with colloidal graphite before use, and the temperature sensor is positioned at a part where the semi-solid slurry does not flow in the subsequent forming process; the diameter of the temperature sensor is 8mm, and the height of the temperature sensor is 8 mm.
Preferably, the in-situ heating system comprises a ceramic fiber inner container, an electromagnetic induction coil and an asbestos layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside. The ceramic fiber inner container is superposed with the central axis of the electromagnetic induction coil, and the ceramic fiber inner container is positioned in the electromagnetic induction coil. The ceramic fiber inner container is an insulator, when the ceramic fiber inner container is heated, the electromagnetic induction coil heats the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank, the supporting plate and the upper cylinder punch in the ceramic fiber inner container, the ceramic fiber inner container cannot be heated, and the ceramic fiber inner container plays roles in heat preservation and restraining deformation of semi-solid slurry in the heating process.
Preferably, the ceramic fiber inner container and the asbestos layer are connected with the upper die in a positioning mode through positioning rings.
Preferably, the extrusion casting machine further comprises an upper oil cylinder base, an opening and closing die base, an upper die base, a working platform and a lower oil cylinder base which are arranged on the support in parallel, the upper oil cylinder base is connected with the upper oil cylinder, a forming guide rod parallel to the support is arranged between the opening and closing die base and the upper die base, and the lower oil cylinder base is connected with the lower oil cylinder;
the upper part of the upper die is connected with an upper die base, a heating control cabinet is arranged on the upper die base, and the heating control cabinet is connected with an electromagnetic induction coil in an in-situ heating system and moves along with the upper die base at the same direction and speed;
the side dies are arranged at two ends of the working platform, and the lower die is arranged above the working platform; the side oil cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the side die and is connected with the side die through a forming guide rod.
Preferably, the method for controlling the heating process by the heating control cabinet through segmented variable power temperature control comprises the following steps:
b1, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0≤T40The method comprises the following steps: when 0 is present<T1≤T40When in use, the semi-solid blank is heated by full power; when T is40<T1≤T50Heating with 10 +/-2% power; when T is50<T1≤T55Heating with 5 +/-2% power; when T is1>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b2, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0Between T40～T50Time (T)40<T0≤T50): when 0 is present<T1≤T40Heating with power of 20 +/-2%; when T is40<T1≤T50Heating with 10 +/-2% power; when T is50<T1≤T55Heating with 5 +/-2% power; when T is1>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b3, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0Between T50～T55Time (T)50<T0≤T55) The method comprises the following steps: when 0 is present<T1≤T55Heating with 5 +/-2% power; when T is1>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b4, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b5, semi-solid billet center temperature T1To reach T55Finishing the preparation work of the semi-solid slurry when the accumulation time of +/-2 ℃ is more than or equal to 60 seconds, and obtaining the semi-solid slurry with the liquid phase rate of 54-60%;
the temperature T of the outer surface0The central temperature T is monitored by temperature sensors arranged at the edges1Monitored by a centrally arranged temperature sensor, T40The temperature corresponding to a certain liquid fraction in 35-45% of the liquid fraction (x is more than or equal to 35% and less than or equal to 45%), T50The liquid fraction is 45-54% (45%<x<54%) temperature, T, corresponding to a certain fraction of liquid55The temperature corresponding to a certain liquid fraction in the liquid fraction of 54-60% (x is more than or equal to 54% and less than or equal to 60%).
The invention also provides an aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
A. loading semi-solid blank: after a die with the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating coil system is closed, the supporting plate is lifted to the position that the upper surface of the supporting plate is flush with the upper surface of the upper die plate, the preheated aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank is placed, then the supporting plate moves downwards to the lower surface of the in-situ heating system, and meanwhile, the upper oil cylinder punch moves downwards to the upper surface of the in-situ heating system; so far, the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank is positioned in the semi-solid blank in-situ heating cavity, namely a heating area of an in-situ heating system;
B. preparing semi-solid slurry: starting an in-situ heating system, controlling the temperature of the outer surface and the center through a temperature sensor according to the alloy liquid phase rate and temperature change curve, and heating the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank through the in-situ heating system by adopting a heating method of sectional variable power temperature control to obtain semi-solid slurry;
C. extrusion casting molding of the semi-solid slurry: after the step B is finished, the supporting plate descends, and the upper oil cylinder punch descends at the same speed after being slightly delayed; the supporting plate descends until the supporting plate is superposed with the supporting plate groove, and then the descending is stopped, the upper oil cylinder punch continues to descend, the semi-solid slurry is pressed into a die cavity, and the semi-solid slurry extrusion casting molding is completed;
D. and opening the mold after the casting is completely solidified, and taking out the casting.
Preferably, in the step A, the preheating temperature of the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank is 5-15 ℃ below a solidus line; the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank is placed into a semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation system through a manual or mechanical arm;
the aluminum/magnesium alloy is selected from one of A356.2 and AZ 91D;
the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank is prepared by adopting electromagnetic stirring semi-continuous casting or hot extrusion, and has small grain size.
Preferably, in the step B, the heating method with sectionally variable power and temperature control is a heating method with sectionally variable power and temperature control, and includes:
when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0≤T40And the central temperature T1≤T40When in use, the semi-solid blank is heated by full power;
when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank40<T0≤T50And the central temperature T40<T1≤T50Heating the semi-solid blank by adopting power of 10 +/-2-20 +/-2%;
when semi-solidTemperature T of outer surface of blank50<T0≤T55And the central temperature T50<T1≤T55When in use, the semi-solid blank is heated by power less than 10%;
when center temperature T1>T55When the temperature is high, heating is stopped.
More preferably, in step B, the specific control method of the heating method with stepwise variable power and temperature control is as follows:
b1, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0≤T40The method comprises the following steps: when 0 is present<T1≤T40When in use, the semi-solid blank is heated by full power; when T is40<T1≤T50Heating with 10 +/-2% power; when T is50<T1≤T55Heating with 5 +/-2% power; when T is1>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b2, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0Between T40～T50Time (T)40<T0≤T50): when 0 is present<T1≤T40Heating with power of 20 +/-2%; when T is40<T1≤T50Heating with 10 +/-2% power; when T is50<T1≤T55Heating with 5 +/-2% power; when T is1>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b3, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0Between T50～T55Time (T)50<T0≤T55) The method comprises the following steps: when 0 is present<T1≤T55Heating with 5 +/-2% power; when T is1>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b4, when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank is0>T55When the temperature is high, the heating is stopped;
b5, semi-solid billet center temperature T1To reach T55Finishing the preparation work of the semi-solid slurry when the accumulation time of +/-2 ℃ is more than or equal to 60 seconds, and obtaining the semi-solid slurry with the liquid phase rate of 54-60%;
the temperature T of the outer surface0By temperature sensing arranged at the edgeMonitoring, center temperature T1Monitored by a centrally arranged temperature sensor, T40The temperature corresponding to a certain liquid fraction in 35-45% of the liquid fraction (x is more than or equal to 35% and less than or equal to 45%), T50The liquid fraction is 45-54% (45%<x<54%) temperature, T, corresponding to a certain fraction of liquid55The temperature corresponding to a certain liquid fraction in 54-60% of liquid fraction (x is more than or equal to 54% and less than or equal to 60%);
the power range of the full power is 60-100 KW. The adopted full power is related to the diameter of the cast ingot: when the diameter of the cast ingot is 150-200 mm, the power is 80-100 KW; when the diameter of the cast ingot is 100-150 mm, the power is 60-80 KW.
Preferably, in the step C, the pressure of the lower oil cylinder punch pressing the semi-solid slurry into the cavity is 10-30 MPa. Further increasing the punch pressure will increase the possibility of solid-liquid separation type defects forming during semi-solid alloy forming.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the technical scheme of the invention has small heat loss in the semi-solid slurry transfer process. In the invention, because the transfer time of the semi-solid slurry is short and the temperature difference between the semi-solid slurry and the die contacted with the semi-solid slurry is small, the heat loss in the transfer process of the semi-solid slurry can be effectively reduced. Calculating by using the descending speed of the supporting plate to be 0.2m/s, wherein the whole time interval is less than 2 seconds from the preparation completion of the semi-solid slurry to the start of the semi-solid extrusion casting; in the process of preparing the semi-solid slurry, besides the semi-solid blank, the punch of the upper cylinder, the supporting plate and the bottom of the upper die are simultaneously heated by the electromagnetic field, so that the bottom of the supporting plate and the bottom of the upper die which are contacted with the semi-solid slurry have higher temperature in the process of transferring the semi-solid slurry, the heat loss of the semi-solid slurry in the transferring process (the process of descending the supporting plate) is very small, and the industrial technical problem of large heat loss in the transferring process after the semi-solid slurry is pulped is effectively solved.
(2) The semi-solid slurry prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has better forming capability and process stability than the traditional method. Compared with the conventional semi-solid forming process, the semi-solid slurry extrusion casting method has the advantages that the heat loss of the semi-solid slurry caused by heat transfer of the punch and the pressure chamber is obviously reduced when the semi-solid slurry is extruded and cast, the temperature reduction before the semi-solid slurry is extruded and cast is very small, the capability of filling the semi-solid slurry into the die cavity and the feeding capability after filling are effectively improved, and the repeatability of the whole forming method is high.
(3) According to the technical scheme, the semi-solid slurry is prepared in situ by adopting a segmented variable power heating method with double-point temperature control on the outer surface and the center, and the required time is further shortened on the basis of the prior art. The method disclosed by the semi-solid metal blank full-automatic continuous secondary heating device (CN201310521522.1) requires 10 minutes of heating time to obtain semi-solid slurry; by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the semi-solid slurry with the liquid fraction of 55 percent can be obtained by casting the A365.2 ingot with the diameter of 200 mm-height of 150mm for 6 minutes, and the semi-solid slurry preparation time is shortened by more than 40 percent.
(4) The technical scheme of the invention can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the extrusion casting equipment. Because the heat loss of the semi-solid slurry in the transfer process is effectively controlled, the semi-solid slurry has higher liquid fraction and uniform temperature during extrusion casting, has smaller flow resistance during molding, and can finish extrusion casting by adopting smaller pressure, therefore, the extrusion casting equipment can select a molding upper oil cylinder and a casting machine frame with smaller tonnage, and the manufacturing cost of the extrusion casting machine is obviously reduced.
(5) The technical scheme of the invention is convenient to realize mechanization, reduce process errors caused by manual operation, remarkably reduce manual labor consumption in the casting manufacturing process and is more beneficial to realizing safe production.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the principle of an aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation and squeeze casting molding device adopted by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of in-situ heating preparation and squeeze casting molding of aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry: wherein fig. 2(a) semi-solid billet loading and in-situ heating; fig. 2(b) the supporting plate is reset downwards after the semi-solid slurry is prepared, and the semi-solid slurry is conveyed into the die cavity; FIG. 2(c) extrusion casting of the semi-solid slurry;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lower cylinder support plate;
wherein, 1, an oil cylinder base is arranged; 2-opening and closing the mold base; 3-an electromagnetic heating control cabinet; 4-side oil cylinder; 5-lower oil cylinder base; 6-lower oil cylinder; 7-lower oil cylinder punch; 8-semi-solid blank/semi-solid slurry; 9-applying a cylinder punch; 10-feeding an oil cylinder; 11-forming a guide rod; 12-upper die base; 13-a working platform; 14-a pallet; 15-a thermocouple; 16-hard asbestos board; 17-connecting a heating control cabinet; 18-upper mould; 19-an asbestos layer; 20-an electromagnetic induction coil; 21-ceramic fiber inner container; 22-side die; 23-a mould cavity; 24-lower die; 25-pallet groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The example is that the A356.2 aluminum alloy automobile hub is prepared by adopting an aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation and an extrusion casting molding method. The adopted device is schematically shown in figures 1 and 3, and the process principle is schematically shown in figure 2.
The aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ heating and extrusion casting molding device comprises an extrusion casting machine and a die with a semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system, wherein the die with the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system is arranged in the extrusion casting machine, the die with the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system comprises an upper die 18, a lower die 24, a side die 22 and a die cavity 23 formed by the side die, a semi-solid blank in-situ heating cavity communicated with the die cavity is arranged at the center of the upper die 18, and the in-situ heating system is arranged outside the semi-solid blank/slurry in-situ heating cavity;
the squeeze casting machine comprises an upper oil cylinder 10, a lower oil cylinder 6 and a side oil cylinder 4, wherein the upper oil cylinder 10 is connected with an upper oil cylinder punch 9, the lower oil cylinder 6 is connected with a lower oil cylinder punch 7, and the upper oil cylinder punch 9 and the lower oil cylinder punch 7 are respectively arranged above and below the semi-solid blank/slurry in-situ heating cavity; the side cylinders 4 are connected with the corresponding side dies 22.
A supporting plate 14 is arranged below the semi-solid blank/slurry in-situ heating cavity, the supporting plate 14 is connected with a lower oil cylinder punch 7, and a hard asbestos plate 16 is arranged between the lower oil cylinder punch and the lower oil cylinder punch; the lower die 24 is provided with a supporting plate groove 25, and the shape of the inner surface of the supporting plate groove 25 is the same as that of the outer surface of the supporting plate 14.
The center and the edge of the supporting plate 14 are respectively provided with a temperature sensor; the edge-mounted temperature sensor is located 10mm from the edge. The surface of the temperature sensor is sprayed with colloidal graphite before use, and the temperature sensor is positioned at a part where the semi-solid slurry does not flow in the subsequent forming process; the diameter of the temperature sensor is 8mm, and the height of the temperature sensor is 8 mm.
The in-situ heating system comprises a ceramic fiber inner container 21, an electromagnetic induction coil 20 and an asbestos layer 19 which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
The ceramic fiber inner container 21 and the asbestos layer 19 are connected with the upper die 18 in a positioning mode through positioning rings.
The extrusion casting machine further comprises an upper oil cylinder base 1, an opening and closing die base 2, an upper die base 12, a working platform 13 and a lower oil cylinder base 5 which are arranged on a support in parallel, wherein the upper oil cylinder base 1 is connected with an upper oil cylinder 10, a forming guide rod 11 parallel to the support is arranged between the opening and closing die base 2 and the upper die base 12, and the lower oil cylinder base 5 is connected with a lower oil cylinder 6;
an upper die base 12 is connected above the upper die 18, a heating control cabinet 17 is arranged on the upper die base 12, and the heating control cabinet 17 is connected with an electromagnetic induction coil 20 in an in-situ heating system and moves along with the upper die base 12 in the same direction and at the same speed;
the side dies 22 are arranged at two ends of the working platform 13, and the lower die 24 is arranged above the working platform 13; the side oil cylinder 4 is arranged on the outer side of the side die 22 and is connected with the side die 22 through the forming guide rod 11.
The semi-solid blank 8 is an A356.2 aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 200mm and the height of 150mm, the ingot is prepared by electromagnetic stirring semi-continuous casting, and round holes are reserved at the position 10mm away from the outer surface and the center of the bottom surface of the blank and used for butting a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a thermocouple 15.
The method for preparing the A356.2 aluminum alloy automobile hub by adopting the device comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: loading semi-solid blank: the 16-inch aluminum alloy automobile hub die is matched under the action of the upper oil cylinder 10 and the side oil cylinder 4 of the 350-ton extrusion casting machine, the hub die consists of an upper die, a lower die, a left die and a right die, and the initial temperature of the die is 250-300 ℃. After the die is closed, the supporting plate 14 moves upwards to the position that the upper surface of the supporting plate is flush with the upper surface of the upper die base 12, the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank 8 (solid) preheated in advance is placed through a manipulator, the mass of the blank is 105 +/-2% of the total mass of the hub blank, the blank preheating temperature is 550 +/-5 ℃, then the supporting plate 14 moves downwards to the lower surface of the electromagnetic induction coil 20, meanwhile, the upper oil cylinder punch 9 moves to the upper surface of the electromagnetic induction coil 20, and at this time, the semi-solid blank 8 (solid) is in the electromagnetic induction coil 20 heating.
Step 2: preparing semi-solid slurry: heating the preheated aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank (solid) by using an 80KW intermediate frequency induction heating (1-10 KHZ) power supply; the bottom surface of the semi-solid blank is reserved at the position 10mm away from the outer surface and the center
Figure BDA0002354964820000091
For abutting against the thermocouple 15 on the pallet 14
Figure BDA0002354964820000092
Wherein the thermocouple on the outer surface is a master control warm thermocouple T0The thermocouple at the center is a secondary temperature control thermocouple T1(ii) a 40% liquidus temperature T of A356.2 aluminum alloy40573 ℃ and 50% liquidus temperature T50At 576 ℃, 55% liquidus temperature T55Is 582 ℃.
The specific heating method is as follows:
(1) when semi-solidTemperature T of outer surface of blank 80At the temperature of less than or equal to 573 ℃: when 0 is present<T1Heating the semi-solid blank at 573 deg.C or below with full power; when the temperature is 573 DEG C<T1Heating with 10% power at 576 deg.C or below; when the temperature is 576 DEG C<T1Heating at a temperature of no more than 582 deg.C with 5% power; when T is1>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(2) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank 8 is higher0At 573-576 deg.C (573 deg.C)<T0576 ℃ or lower): when 0 is present<T1Heating at the temperature of below 573 ℃ with 20 percent of power; when the temperature is 573 DEG C<T1Heating with 10% power at 576 deg.C or below; when the temperature is 576 DEG C<T1Heating at a temperature of no more than 582 deg.C with 5% power; when T is1>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(3) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank 8 is higher0At 576-582 deg.C (576 deg.C)<T0At 582 ℃) of: when 0 is present<T1Heating at a temperature of no more than 582 deg.C with 5% power; when T is1>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(4) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(5) central temperature T of semi-solid blank1The preparation of the semi-solid slurry is finished when the accumulation time of reaching 582 +/-2 ℃ is more than or equal to 60 seconds, and the semi-solid slurry with the liquid fraction of 55 percent is obtained.
And step 3: squeeze casting molding of the semi-solid slurry 8: after the A356.2 semisolid slurry 8 (semisolid) is prepared, the supporting plate 14 descends at the speed of 0.4m/s, the upper cylinder punch 9 descends at the same speed after 0.1 second delay, the descending is stopped after the supporting plate 14 descends to be overlapped with the supporting plate groove 25, the upper cylinder punch 9 continues to descend, the semisolid slurry 8 is pressed into the die cavity 23, and the semisolid extrusion casting molding of the A356.2 hub is completed. The entire time period from the completion of the semi-solid slurry preparation to the start of the semi-solid squeeze casting was <2 seconds.
And 4, step 4: and after the casting is completely solidified, returning the upper oil cylinder punch, opening the die, ascending the supporting plate and ejecting the casting.
The A356.2 aluminum alloy semi-solid state blank (solid state) is prepared by electromagnetic stirring semi-continuous casting, and the grain size is only 100-150 mu m. The grain size of the prepared A356.2 aluminum alloy hub spoke at the center is only 150-250 μm, and compared with the conventional low-pressure casting A356.2 aluminum alloy hub (the grain size of the spoke at the center is 700-1000 μm), the grain size is obviously refined, and the strong plasticity of the hub spoke is obviously improved.
Example 2
The example is that the AZ91D magnesium alloy automobile hub is prepared by adopting an aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation and an extrusion casting molding method.
The equipment used was the same as in example 1. AZ91D semi-solid blank with diameter of 200mm and height of 150mm is prepared by electromagnetic stirring semi-continuous casting.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: loading semi-solid blank: the 16-inch magnesium alloy automobile hub die is matched under the action of a 350-ton extrusion casting machine oil cylinder, the hub die consists of an upper die, a lower die, a left die and a right die, and the initial temperature of the die is 300-350 ℃. After the die is closed, the supporting plate moves upwards to the position that the upper surface of the supporting plate is flush with the upper surface of the upper die base plate, a pre-preheated magnesium alloy semi-solid blank (solid) is placed through a manipulator, the mass of the blank is 105 +/-2% of the total mass of the hub blank, the preheating temperature of the blank is 430 +/-5 ℃, then the supporting plate moves downwards to the lower surface of the electromagnetic induction coil, meanwhile, the upper oil cylinder punch moves to the upper surface of the electromagnetic induction coil, and the semi-solid blank (solid) is located in the heating area of.
Step 2: preparing semi-solid slurry: heating the preheated aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid blank (solid) by using an 80KW intermediate frequency induction heating (1-10 KHZ) power supply; the bottom surface of the semi-solid blank is reserved at the position 10mm away from the outer surface and the center
Figure BDA0002354964820000101
Round hole of (1) for butting thermocouple on supporting plate
Figure BDA0002354964820000102
Wherein the thermocouple on the outer surface is a master control thermocouple T0The thermocouple at the center is a secondary temperature control thermocouple T1(ii) a AZ91D magnesium alloy40% liquidus temperature T40556 ℃ and 50% liquidus temperature T50568 ℃ and a liquidus temperature T of 55 percent55At 573 ℃.
The specific heating method is as follows:
(1) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0When the temperature is less than or equal to 556 ℃: when 0 is present<T1Heating the semi-solid blank at 556 deg.C or lower with full power; when the temperature is 556 DEG C<T1Heating at the temperature of 568 ℃ or lower by 10 percent of power; when the temperature is 568 DEG C<T1Heating at 573 deg.C or below with 5% power; when T is1>At 573 deg.C, stopping heating;
(2) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0At 556-568 deg.c (556 deg.c)<T0568 ℃ below zero): when 0 is present<T1Heating with 20% power at 556 deg.C or below; when the temperature is 556 DEG C<T1Heating at the temperature of 568 ℃ or lower by 10 percent of power; when the temperature is 568 DEG C<T1Heating at 573 deg.C or below with 5% power; when T is1>At 573 deg.C, stopping heating;
(3) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0At 568-573 deg.C (568 deg.C)<T0573 ℃) is as follows: when 0 is present<T1Heating at 573 deg.C or below with 5% power; when T is1>At 573 deg.C, stopping heating;
(4) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0>At 573 deg.C, stopping heating;
(5) central temperature T of semi-solid blank1The preparation of the semi-solid slurry is completed when the accumulated time reaching 573 +/-2 ℃ is more than or equal to 60 seconds, and the semi-solid slurry with the liquid fraction of 55 percent is obtained.
And step 3: extrusion casting molding of the semi-solid slurry: after the AZ91D semi-solid slurry (semi-solid) is prepared, the supporting plate is reset at the speed of 0.4m/s in a descending mode, the upper cylinder punch head descends at the same speed after 0.1 second delay, the descending is stopped after the upper cylinder punch head descends to coincide with the supporting plate groove, the upper cylinder punch head continues descending, the semi-solid slurry is pressed into a die cavity, and the semi-solid extrusion casting and forming of the AZ91D hub are completed. The entire time period from the completion of the semi-solid slurry preparation to the start of the semi-solid squeeze casting was <2 seconds.
And 4, step 4: and after the casting is completely solidified, returning the upper oil cylinder punch, opening the die, ascending the supporting plate and ejecting the casting.
The AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid state blank (solid state) is prepared by electromagnetic stirring semi-continuous casting, and the grain size is only 50-100 mu m. The grain size of the center of the prepared AZ91D magnesium alloy hub spoke is 100-200 mu m, and compared with the grain size of a conventional AZ91D magnesium alloy hub (the grain size of the center of the spoke is 400-600 mu m), the grain size is obviously refined, and the strong plasticity of the hub spoke is obviously improved.
Example 3
A365.2 cast ingot with the diameter of 200mm and the height of 150mm is subjected to in-situ heating of semi-solid slurry by the equipment and the method shown in the embodiment 1 to prepare the semi-solid slurry, and the semi-solid slurry with the liquid fraction of 55 percent can be obtained within 6 minutes. The semi-solid slurry disclosed in the prior device (the semi-solid metal blank full-automatic continuous secondary heating device disclosed in CN201310521522.1)
Figure BDA0002354964820000111
The preparation time is 10 minutes, and the semi-solid slurry pulping time is shortened by more than 40 percent by adopting the equipment.
Example 4
The semi-solid slurry prepared by in-situ heating of a365.2 ingot with the diameter of 200mm and the height of 150mm by the equipment and the method shown in the example 1 is extruded and cast to form a wheel hub, and the difference is that: in this example, a 35% liquidus temperature T of 356.2 aluminum alloy was used40573 ℃ and 46% liquidus temperature T50At 575 ℃ and a liquidus temperature T of 54%55The temperature was 581 ℃.
The grain size of the center of the A356.2 aluminum alloy hub spoke prepared by the embodiment is 150-250 microns, and compared with the conventional low-pressure casting, the grain size of the A356.2 aluminum alloy hub spoke is obviously refined, and the strong plasticity of the spoke is obviously improved.
Example 5
In-situ semi-solid slurry treatment of A356.2 ingots ranging from 200mm diameter to 150mm height using the apparatus and method described in example 1The semi-solid slurry is prepared by heating and is molded by extrusion casting of a wheel hub, and the difference is that: in this example, a356.2 aluminum alloy 45% liquidus temperature T was used40573 ℃ and 53% liquidus temperature T50At 579 ℃ and a liquidus temperature T of 60%55It was 586 ℃.
The grain size of the center of the A356.2 aluminum alloy hub spoke prepared by the embodiment is 150-250 microns, and compared with the conventional low-pressure casting, the grain size of the A356.2 aluminum alloy hub spoke is obviously refined, and the strong plasticity of the spoke is obviously improved.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was substantially the same as example 1 except that the number of temperature controls was reduced and the temperature was controlled to retain only 50% of the fraction of liquid phase corresponding to the temperature T50And a liquidus fraction of 55% corresponding to the temperature T55The specific heating method is as follows:
(1) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0≤576℃(T50) The method comprises the following steps: when 0 is present<T1Heating the semi-solid blank at 576 deg.C or below with full power; when the temperature is 576 DEG C<T1≤582℃(T55) Heating with 10% power; when T is1>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(2) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0At 576-582 deg.c (576 deg.c)<T0At 582 ℃) of: when 0 is present<T1Heating at a temperature of no more than 582 deg.C with 5% power; when T is1>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(2) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(4) central temperature T of semi-solid blank1The preparation of the semi-solid slurry is finished when the accumulation time of reaching 582 +/-2 ℃ is more than or equal to 60 seconds, and the semi-solid slurry with the liquid fraction of 55 percent is obtained.
When the method of reducing the number of temperature control is adopted, the first temperature control point is set to be too high, such as 576 ℃ (liquid fraction of 50%) in the embodiment, because the thermocouple temperature measurement has time lag, and electromagnetic induction heating is a very efficient heating method, when the temperature detected by the thermocouple is 576 ℃, the actual temperature of the surface of the ingot reaches 586-591 ℃, and at the moment, the surface of the ingot enters a high liquid fraction stage (liquid fraction of 60-63%) which can flow under gravity: the phenomenon of solid-liquid separation during extrusion can be caused by excessively high liquid fraction, macrosegregation is formed, and macrosegregation can cause the sharp reduction of the performance of the hub, so that the product is scrapped.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was substantially the same as example 1 except that the number of temperature controls was reduced and the temperature was controlled to retain only 40% of the liquidus fraction corresponding to the temperature T40And a liquidus fraction of 55% corresponding to the temperature T55The specific heating method is as follows:
(1) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0≤573℃(T40) The method comprises the following steps: when 0 is present<T1Heating the semi-solid blank at 573 deg.C or below with full power; when the temperature is 573 DEG C<T1≤582℃(T55) Heating with 10% power; when T is1>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(2) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0The temperature is 573-582 ℃ (573℃)<T0At 582 ℃) of: when 0 is present<T1Heating at a temperature of no more than 582 deg.C with 5% power; when T is1>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(2) when the temperature T of the outer surface of the semi-solid blank0>Stopping heating at 582 ℃;
(4) central temperature T of semi-solid blank1The preparation of the semi-solid slurry is finished when the accumulation time of reaching 582 +/-2 ℃ is more than or equal to 60 seconds, and the semi-solid slurry with the liquid fraction of 55 percent is obtained.
When the number of control temperatures is reduced, the first temperature control point is set at 35% to 45% of the liquidus ratio, and the second temperature control point is set at the target value (the liquidus ratio in this example is 55%), although the risk of entering the high liquidus ratio (> 60%) is significantly reduced, the time required to reach the target liquidus ratio is significantly increased. In the comparative example, the time required for heating the semi-solid slurry is increased from 5-6 min to 9-10 min by the sectional power-variable temperature control method in the patent application, the heating efficiency is obviously reduced, the heating time is equivalent to that of the conventional method (semi-solid metal blank full-automatic continuous secondary heating device (CN201310521522.1)), and the method has no obvious improvement.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry by in-situ heating and the method for extrusion casting molding provided by the invention can effectively reduce the heat loss in the semi-solid slurry transfer process, improve the semi-solid slurry moldability and the process stability, shorten the time required by the semi-solid slurry electromagnetic induction heating preparation, and adopt an extrusion casting machine with smaller tonnage so as to obviously reduce the equipment cost, and meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention is more beneficial to realizing mechanization and safe production.
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热制备和挤压铸造成型装置，其特征在于，包括挤压铸造机和设置在挤压铸造机内的带有半固态浆料原位加热系统的模具，所述带有半固态浆料原位加热系统的模具包括上模、下模、侧模和其形成的模具型腔，所述上模的中心处设置有连通模具型腔的半固态坯料原位加热腔，所述半固态坯料/浆料原位加热腔的外侧设置有原位加热系统；1. A kind of aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding device, it is characterized in that, comprise squeeze casting machine and be arranged in squeeze casting machine with semi-solid slurry in-situ heating The mold of the system, the mold with the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating system includes an upper mold, a lower mold, a side mold and a mold cavity formed by the mold cavity, and the center of the upper mold is provided with a half connected to the mold cavity. an in-situ heating cavity for solid billets, and an in-situ heating system is arranged on the outside of the semi-solid billet/slurry in-situ heating cavity; 所述挤压铸造机包括上油缸、下油缸和侧油缸，所述上油缸连接有上油缸冲头，下油缸连接有下油缸冲头，上油缸冲头和下油缸冲头分别设置在半固态坯料/浆料原位加热腔的上方和下方；所述侧油缸与相应的侧模连接。The squeeze casting machine includes an upper oil cylinder, a lower oil cylinder and a side oil cylinder, the upper oil cylinder is connected with the upper oil cylinder punch, the lower oil cylinder is connected with the lower oil cylinder punch, and the upper oil cylinder punch and the lower oil cylinder punch are respectively arranged in the semi-solid state. The billet/slurry is heated above and below the cavity in-situ; the side oil cylinders are connected with the corresponding side molds. 2.根据权利要求1所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热制备和挤压铸造成型装置，其特征在于，所述半固态坯料/浆料原位加热腔的下方设置有托板，所述托板与下油缸冲头相连且两者之间设置有硬质石棉板；所述下模上设置有托板槽，托板槽内表面形状与托板外表面形状相同。2. The in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 1, wherein a support plate is provided below the semi-solid billet/slurry in-situ heating cavity The supporting plate is connected with the lower oil cylinder punch and a hard asbestos plate is arranged between them; the lower die is provided with a supporting plate groove, and the inner surface shape of the supporting plate groove is the same as the outer surface shape of the supporting plate. 3.根据权利要求2所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热制备和挤压铸造成型装置，其特征在于，所述托板的中心和边缘分别设置有温度传感器；所述边缘设置的温度传感器位于边缘10mm处。3. The in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 2, wherein the center and the edge of the support plate are respectively provided with temperature sensors; The temperature sensor is located 10mm from the edge. 4.根据权利要求1所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热制备和挤压铸造成型装置，其特征在于，所述原位加热系统包括从内到外依次设置的陶瓷纤维内胆、电磁感应线圈和石棉层。4 . The in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 1 , wherein the in-situ heating system comprises ceramic fiber inner bladders arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. 5 . , electromagnetic induction coil and asbestos layer. 5.根据权利要求4所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热制备和挤压铸造成型装置，其特征在于，所述陶瓷纤维内胆、石棉层通过定位环与上模进行定位连接。5. The in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 4, wherein the ceramic fiber liner and the asbestos layer are positioned and connected to the upper die through a positioning ring . 6.根据权利要求1所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热制备和挤压铸造成型装置，其特征在于，所述挤压铸造机还包括平行设置支架上的上油缸底座、开合模底座、上模底座、工作平台、下油缸底座，所述上油缸底座与上油缸连接，开合模底座与上模底座之间设置有与支架平行的成型导杆，下油缸底座与下油缸连接；6. The in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting molding device for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion casting machine further comprises an upper oil cylinder base, an opening A mold clamping base, an upper mold base, a working platform, and a lower oil cylinder base, the upper oil cylinder base is connected with the upper oil cylinder, a forming guide rod parallel to the bracket is arranged between the opening and closing mold base and the upper mold base, and the lower oil cylinder base is connected to the lower oil cylinder. Cylinder connection; 所述上模的上方连接上模底座，上模底座上设置有加热控制柜，所述加热控制柜与原位加热系统中的电磁感应线圈连接，并随上模底座同向同速运动；The upper part of the upper mold is connected to the upper mold base, and the upper mold base is provided with a heating control cabinet, the heating control cabinet is connected with the electromagnetic induction coil in the in-situ heating system, and moves in the same direction and speed with the upper mold base; 所述侧模设置在工作平台的两端，下模设置在工作平台上方；所述侧油缸设置在侧模的外侧，并通过成型导杆与侧模连接。The side molds are arranged on both ends of the working platform, and the lower mold is arranged above the working platform; the side oil cylinders are arranged on the outer side of the side molds and are connected with the side molds through forming guide rods. 7.一种基于权利要求1所述装置的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热制备和挤压铸造成型方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：7. An in-situ heating preparation and extrusion casting method for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry based on the device of claim 1, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: A、半固态坯料的装载：带有半固态浆料原位加热线圈系统的模具合模后，将托板上行至其上表面与上模座板上表面齐平，放入预热后的铝/镁合金半固态坯料，然后托板下行运动至原位加热系统的下表面，同时上油缸冲头下行运动到原位加热系统的上表面；至此，铝/镁合金半固态坯料处于半固态坯料原位加热腔中，即原位加热系统的加热区域；A. Loading of semi-solid blanks: After the mold with the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating coil system is closed, move the pallet until its upper surface is flush with the upper surface of the upper mold base, and put the preheated aluminum / Magnesium alloy semi-solid billet, and then the pallet moves down to the lower surface of the in-situ heating system, while the upper cylinder punch moves down to the upper surface of the in-situ heating system; so far, the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid billet is in the semi-solid billet In the in-situ heating chamber, that is, the heating area of the in-situ heating system; B、半固态浆料的制备：启动原位加热系统，根据合金液相率与温度变化曲线，通过温度传感器进行外表面和中心双点控温，采用分段变功率控温的加热法通过原位加热系统对铝/镁合金半固态坯料进行加热获得半固态浆料；B. Preparation of semi-solid slurry: start the in-situ heating system, according to the alloy liquid phase rate and temperature change curve, through the temperature sensor to control the temperature of the outer surface and the center double-point, adopt the heating method of variable power temperature control to pass the original The semi-solid slurry of aluminum/magnesium alloy is obtained by heating the semi-solid billet of aluminum/magnesium alloy; C、半固态浆料的挤压铸造成型：步骤B完成后，托板下行，上油缸冲头稍作延迟后以相同速率下行；托板下行至与托板槽重合后停止下行，而上油缸冲头继续下行，将半固态浆料压入模具型腔中，完成半固态浆料挤压铸造成型；C. Squeeze casting molding of semi-solid slurry: After step B is completed, the pallet goes down, the upper cylinder punch goes down at the same speed after a slight delay; the pallet goes down to coincide with the pallet groove and stops descending, and the upper cylinder The punch continues to descend to press the semi-solid slurry into the mold cavity to complete the extrusion casting of the semi-solid slurry; D、待铸件完全凝固后，打开模具，取出铸件。D. After the casting is completely solidified, open the mold and take out the casting. 8.根据权利要求7所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热与挤压铸造成型方法，其特征在于，步骤A中，所述铝/镁合金半固态坯料的预热温度为固相线以下5～15℃；所述铝/镁合金半固态坯料通过人工或者机械手放入半固态浆料原位加热制备系统中；8. The in-situ heating and extrusion casting method for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 7, wherein in step A, the preheating temperature of the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid billet is solid The temperature is 5-15°C below the phase line; the aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid billet is put into the semi-solid slurry in-situ heating preparation system manually or by a manipulator; 所述铝/镁合金选自A356.2和AZ91D的一种；The aluminum/magnesium alloy is selected from one of A356.2 and AZ91D; 所述铝/镁合金半固态坯料采用电磁搅拌半连续铸造制备或者热挤压制备，晶粒尺寸细小。The aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid billet is prepared by electromagnetic stirring semi-continuous casting or hot extrusion, and the grain size is small. 9.根据权利要求7所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热与挤压铸造成型方法，其特征在于，步骤B中，所述分段变功率控温的加热法的具体控制方法如下：9 . The in-situ heating and extrusion casting method for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 7 , wherein, in step B, the specific control method of the heating method of segmental variable power temperature control as follows: B1、当半固态坯料外表面温度T0≤T40时：当0<T1≤T40时，采用全功率加热半固态坯料；当T40<T1≤T50时，10±2％功率加热；当T50<T1≤T55时，5±2％功率加热；当T1>T55时，停止加热；B1. When the outer surface temperature of the semi-solid billet T 0 ≤T 40 : when 0<T 1 ≤T 40 , use full power to heat the semi-solid billet; when T 40 <T 1 ≤T 50 , 10±2% power Heating; when T 50 <T 1 ≤T 55 , 5±2% power heating; when T 1 >T 55 , stop heating; B2、当半固态坯料外表面温度T0介于T40～T50之间时(T40<T0≤T50)：当0<T1≤T40时，20±2％功率加热；当T40<T1≤T50时，10±2％功率加热；当T50<T1≤T55时，5±2％功率加热；当T1>T55时，停止加热；B2. When the outer surface temperature T 0 of the semi-solid billet is between T 40 and T 50 (T 40 <T 0 ≤ T 50 ): when 0 < T 1 ≤ T 40 , 20±2% power heating; when When T 40 <T 1 ≤T 50 , 10±2% power heating; when T 50 <T 1 ≤T 55 , 5±2% power heating; when T 1 >T 55 , stop heating; B3、当半固态坯料外表面温度T0介于T50～T55之间时(T50<T0≤T55)时：当0<T1≤T55时，5±2％功率加热；当T1>T55时，停止加热；B3. When the outer surface temperature T 0 of the semi-solid billet is between T 50 and T 55 (T 50 <T 0 ≤ T 55 ): when 0 < T1 ≤ T 55 , 5±2% power heating; when When T 1 >T 55 , stop heating; B4、当半固态坯料外表面温度T0>T55时，停止加热；B4. When the outer surface temperature of the semi-solid billet is T 0 >T 55 , stop heating; B5、半固态坯料中心温度T1达到T55±2℃的累积时间≥60秒即完成半固态浆料的制备工作，即得到液相率为54～60％的半固态浆料；B5. The accumulation time for the center temperature T1 of the semi-solid billet to reach T 55 ± 2 °C ≥ 60 seconds is to complete the preparation of the semi-solid slurry, that is, to obtain a semi-solid slurry with a liquid phase ratio of 54-60%; 所述外表面温度T0由设置在边缘的温度传感器监测，中心温度T1由设置在中心处的温度传感器监测，T40为35～45％液相率中某一液相率对应的温度，T50为45～54％液相率中某一液相率对应的温度，T55为54～60％液相率中某一液相率对应的温度；The outer surface temperature T 0 is monitored by a temperature sensor arranged at the edge, the central temperature T 1 is monitored by a temperature sensor arranged at the center, and T 40 is the temperature corresponding to a certain liquid phase ratio in the 35-45% liquid phase ratio, T 50 is the temperature corresponding to a certain liquid phase ratio in the 45-54% liquid phase ratio, and T 55 is the temperature corresponding to a certain liquid phase ratio in the 54-60% liquid phase ratio; 所述全功率的功率范围为60～100KW。The power range of the full power is 60-100KW. 10.根据权利要求7所述的铝/镁合金半固态浆料原位加热与挤压铸造成型方法，其特征在于，步骤C中，所述半固态浆料压入型腔中的下油缸冲头压力为10～30MPa。10. The in-situ heating and extrusion casting method for aluminum/magnesium alloy semi-solid slurry according to claim 7, characterized in that, in step C, the semi-solid slurry is pressed into the lower cylinder punch in the cavity. The head pressure is 10-30MPa.
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