CN111052806A - Enhanced wake-up receiver preamble - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enhanced wake-up receiver preambles. A device may determine a wake-up packet including a first preamble of one or more preambles. The device may determine a data rate associated with transmission of the wake-up packet. The device may determine a bit sequence, wherein the bit sequence is associated with the data rate. The device may cause the bit sequence to be embedded in the first preamble of the wake-up packet. The device may cause the wake-up packet to be sent to a first device.

Description

Enhanced wake-up receiver preamble

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION (S)

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 62/558,692, filed 2017, 9, 14, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for wireless communication, and more particularly to an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble.

Background

Advances in wireless communications require the use of efficient batteries to allow users to utilize their devices for longer periods of time between recharges or replacements. The exchange of data in wireless communications consumes power and repeated recharging or installation of dedicated power lines can result in a relatively negative user experience.

Drawings

Fig. 1 depicts a network diagram illustrating an example network environment for an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a wake-up packet in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3A illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process for an illustrative enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process for an illustrative enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station that may be suitable for use as user equipment in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine on which any one of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be executed, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and systems for an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble. The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others. Embodiments recited in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

The concept of a Low-Power Wake-Up Receiver (LP-WUR) may improve the Power consumption of standby mode, sleep mode and sometimes even active mode. The underlying technology is introduced into the 802.11 community as a viable solution to achieve substantial power savings for wireless devices. Since then, a task group named 802.11ba (also known as TGba) is now in progress. The WUR (802.11ba) target is to provide a low power solution (e.g., -100 μ W in the active state) for wearable, IoT, and other emerging devices to always turn on Wi-Fi (or bluetooth) connectivity, which will be densely deployed and used in the near future.

To achieve the goal of a very low power consuming WUR, it is desirable to design waveforms and techniques that allow for a simple and low cost, low power hardware solution. This departs from previous versions of the Wi-Fi standard. One main goal is to have hardware that uses inexpensive and very low power RF parts with minimal baseband solutions. While such solutions cannot be mandated by standards, protocols need to be developed to enable such solutions. However, protocols will be developed for more aggressive designs, where in some scenarios a more complex design may perform better, but with higher cost and power points.

The wake-up packet structure in TGba proposes a very simple physical layer (PHY) structure consisting of one data rate for transmission of the wake-up packet to meet the above-mentioned required reduced hardware complexity. However, other motivations may be to enable more than two data rates because: (1) a low data rate, e.g., 62.5 kilobits per second (kbps), to meet the 802.11b/11ax extended range mode link budget and range; (2) higher data rates, such as 125kbps or 250kbps to have shorter packet transmission times. If more than one data rate is supported, the data rate needs to be either pre-negotiated or signaled in the wake-up packet. Pre-negotiation of data rates may occur via a master radio (e.g., an 802.11 radio) before using WUR and entering power down. However, pre-negotiating rates for WURs may be problematic for devices that are mobile and may move farther away from their associated AP while the host Wi-Fi radio is in a power-down mode. As an example, during the negotiated time, 125kbps meets the operating range for the WUR, but then the device moves to be in a new location where the 125kbps wake-up transmission from the AP will not reach the device. Therefore, per packet signaling enabling data rates becomes a requirement.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for enhanced wake-up receiver preambles.

In particular, lower energy consumption may be achieved by adding a LP-WUR to a device to wake up the device's main radio system (e.g., IEEE802.11 transceiver) based on receiving a wake-up packet from another device. The LP-WUR integrated in the circuitry of the device may be configured to receive the wake packet as an indication that the radio system of the device may need to be powered on in order to begin receiving/transmitting data. The LP-WUR may be based on, but not limited to, "on-off keying" (OOK), Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) for signaling, and is characterized by much lower power consumption than ordinary IEEE802.11 orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers (e.g., IEEE802.11 receivers). The other device may include a wake-up packet transmitter that generates a wake-up packet to be transmitted to the device.

In one or more embodiments, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble may support two data rates for data transmission.

In one or more embodiments, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may determine a sequence that may be used to distinguish between two different rates (data rates) for data transmission. The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be transmitted from a transmitting device to wake up a receiving device. It is to be understood that embedding the sequence into the preamble includes encoding the sequence into the preamble, adding or including the sequence into the preamble, or encapsulating the sequence in the preamble. The emphasis is that the sequence may consist of two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. Thus, when the receiving device distinguishes one sequence from another, the receiving device determines the data rate being used by the packet. In one or more embodiments, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may facilitate the use of longer sequences, such as pseudo-random (PN) sequences, for wake-up packets to complement two replicas of a 15-bit PN sequence. Longer sequences may consist of two sequences that are either duplicates of each other or may be orthogonal to each other. This will result in a distinction between high and low data rates at the receiving device. That is, the first long sequence may correspond to a low data rate, and the second long sequence may correspond to a high data rate. The wake-up packet may be composed of an 802.11 preamble, a wake-up preamble, a MAC header, a payload, and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS). In a conventional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in the Signal (Signal) field of the 802.11 preamble. Unlike the conventional approach of using bits of information in the signal field to signal the data rate, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids defining the signal field to carry per-packet signaling information. Since the receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble instead of the 802.11 preamble, the wake-up preamble part will have two functions, which are used for packet detection and also for rate classification. Essentially, rate classification occurs through detection of different sequences included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the sequence detected in the wake-up preamble, the receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet. It should be appreciated that the wake-up receiver does not decode the 802.11 preamble but rather decodes the wake-up preamble of the wake-up packet. Therefore, a wake-up receiver receiving the wake-up packet will need to determine the data rate from the information included in the wake-up preamble of the wake-up packet.

In one embodiment, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may generate orthogonal or semi-orthogonal sequences for the wake-up preamble portion. The scheme is that the data rate is signaled in the packet through the detection of the wakeup preamble. As mentioned above, the goal is to design an extremely simple and low cost, low power hardware solution. The above scheme does not extend the length of the wake-up preamble but uses a new sequence to provide discrimination between the two sets beyond that required for normal detection. This is also advantageous for the overall system throughput, since the wake-up packet is very low rate, thus avoiding the need for a signal field with all overhead bits is highly desirable.

The main criteria for the design of WURs are very low power and low cost. Achieving these goals creates a way to place Wi-Fi radios in a "power down" state, which achieves significant power savings in typical operating modes.

In one embodiment, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may determine an alternate preamble sequence and outlines a method to create two or more preamble sequences to enable per packet data rate indication. With this scheme, first, a longer PN sequence is used for the preamble, rather than a replica of the two preamble sequences. Further, the properties of the PN sequence are utilized to indicate the data rate in the packet PHY header by adding a specific offset to the sequence.

One or more embodiments may use different types of orthogonal codes, such as Walsh codes (Walsh codes), to signal the data rate. However, to maintain simple hardware for WUR, the PN sequence is described in more detail herein.

In one embodiment, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may facilitate a signaling method in a wake-up packet to carry a data rate without including an explicit SIGNAL field in the packet. Furthermore, avoiding the need for a signal field with all overhead bits is highly desirable from a system throughput perspective.

The foregoing description is for the purpose of illustration and is not intended to be limiting. Many other examples, configurations, processes, etc. may exist, some of which are described in more detail below. Example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment for low power wake-up signaling, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and one or more Access Points (APs) 102, which may communicate in accordance with the IEEE802.11 communication standard. The user device(s) 120 may be non-stationary (e.g., not having a fixed location) mobile devices or may be stationary devices.

In some embodiments, user device 120 and AP102 may include one or more computer systems similar to the functional diagram of fig. 4 and/or the example machine/system of fig. 5.

One or more illustrative user devices 120 and/or APs 102 may be operated by one or more users 110. It should be noted that any addressable unit may be a Station (STA). STAs may exhibit a number of different characteristics, each of which shapes their functionality. For example, a single addressable unit may be a portable STA, a quality-of-service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA at the same time. One or more of the illustrative user devices 120 and the AP102 may be STAs. One or more illustrative user devices 120 and/or APs 102 may operate as Personal Basic Service Set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP). User device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device, including but not limited to mobile devices or non-mobile, e.g., stationary devices. For example, user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may include: user Equipment (UE), station (station, STA), Access Point (AP), software enabled AP (software enabled AP), Personal Computer (PC), wearable wireless device(s)Devices (e.g., bracelets, watches, glasses, rings, etc.), desktop computers, mobile computers, laptop computers, ultrabooks, etc^TMA computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an offboard device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionality with PDA device functionality), a consumer device, an onboard device, an offboard device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a PCS device, a PDA device including a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "smart mobile life (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an ultra mobile PC (ultra mobile PC, UMPC), a mobile internet device (mobile internet device, MID), a "origami" device or computing device, a device supporting Dynamic Configurable Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an a/V device, a set-top-box (STB), a blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (personal video recorder, PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a personal media player (personal video recorder, PMP), a digital video camera (digital video camera, DVC), a digital audio player, speakers, audio receivers, audio amplifiers, gaming devices, data sources, data sinks, Digital Still Cameras (DSCs), media players, smart phones, televisions, music players, and the like. Other devices, including smart devices such as lights, climate controls, vehicle components, household components, appliances, and the like, may also be included in this list.

As used herein, the term "Internet of Things (IoT) device" is used to refer to any object (e.g., appliance, sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a bluetooth Identifier (ID), a near-field communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and can send information to one or more other devices over a wired or wireless connection. The IoT devices may have passive communication interfaces such as Quick Response (QR) codes, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, NFC tags, and the like, or active communication interfaces such as modems, transceivers, transmitter-receivers, and the like. IoT devices may have a particular set of attributes (e.g., device states or conditions, such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, etc., cooling or heating functions, environmental monitoring or recording functions, lighting functions, sound emitting functions, etc.) that may be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC, etc., and configured for connection to an IoT network, such as a local ad hoc network or the internet. For example, IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwave ovens, freezers, dishwashers, hand tools, washers, dryers, stoves, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, dust collectors, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, and the like, so long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communication interface for communicating with the IoT network. IoT devices may also include cellular phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and the like. Thus, an IoT network may be comprised of a combination of "legacy" internet accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) and devices that typically do not have internet connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

User device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may also include, for example, mesh stations in a mesh network according to one or more IEEE802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.

Any of user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to communicate with each other wirelessly or by wire via one or more communication networks 130 and/or 135. User device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer with each other or directly, with or without AP(s) 102. Any of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but are not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communication networks, such as a broadcast network, a cable network, a public network (e.g., the internet), a private network, a wireless network, a cellular network, or any other suitable private and/or public network. Additionally, any of communication networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, a global network (e.g., the internet), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), or a Personal Area Network (PAN). Further, any of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of media upon which network traffic may be carried, including but not limited to coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optic, Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) media, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication media, white space communication media, ultra-high frequency communication media, satellite communication media, or any combination of these.

Any of user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include one or more communication antennas. The one or more communication antennas may be any suitable type of antenna corresponding to the communication protocol used by user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, and 128) and AP(s) 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communication antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE 802.11) standards group compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omni-directional antennas, quasi-omni antennas, and so forth. One or more communication antennas may be communicatively coupled to the radio to send and/or receive signals, e.g., communication signals to and/or from user equipment 120 and/or AP(s) 102.

Any of user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in connection with wireless communications in a wireless network. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception with a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays, etc.). Each of the plurality of antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions. Any of user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 can be configured to perform any given directional transmission toward one or more defined transmission sectors. Any of user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 can be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined reception sectors.

MIMO beamforming in wireless networks may be implemented using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, in performing a given MIMO transmission, user device 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform MIMO beamforming using all or a subset of its one or more communication antennas.

Any of user device 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include any suitable radios and/or transceivers to transmit and/or receive Radio Frequency (RF) signals in a bandwidth and/or channel corresponding to a communication protocol used by any of user device(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicate with each other. The radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communication signals according to pre-established transmission protocols. The radio may also have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct connection protocols, such as protocols standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 standard. In some example embodiments, the radio component in cooperation with the communications antenna may be configured to communicate via a 2.4GHz channel (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ax, 802.11ba), a 5GHz channel (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11ba), or a 60GHz channel (e.g., 802.11 ad). In some embodiments, non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communication between devices, such as bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE802.11 af, IEEE802.22), whitespace Frequency (e.g., white space), or other packetized radio communication. The radio components may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via a communication protocol. The radio components may also include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), an additional signal amplifier, an analog-to-digital (a/D) converter, one or more buffers, and a digital baseband.

One or more user devices 120 may operate in a low power mode to conserve power. During this time, the LP-WUR of the user device 120 may be active, while the 802.11 transceiver may be inactive. Because the LP-WUR may operate in a lower power state than the 802.11 transceiver, power may be conserved at the user device 120.

In one embodiment, AP102 may send one or more wake-up packets 142 to one or more user devices 120. The wake-up packet 142 may inform the user equipment 120 to activate a higher power mode, which may include activating a higher power 802.11 transceiver on the user equipment 120.

The wake-up packet structure in TGba presents a very simple PHY structure consisting of one data rate for transmission of the wake-up packet to meet the required reduced hardware complexity. However, other motivations may be to enable more than two data rates because: (1) low data rates, e.g., 62.5kbps to meet 802.11b/11ax extended range mode link budget and range; (2) higher data rates, such as 125kbps or 250kbps to have shorter packet transmission times.

In one or more embodiments, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may determine a bit sequence (referred to herein as a "sequence") that may be used to distinguish between two different rates (data rates) for data transmission. The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be transmitted from a transmitting device to wake up a receiving device. The emphasis is that the sequence may consist of two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. Thus, when the receiving device distinguishes one sequence from another, the receiving device determines the data rate being used by the packet.

In one embodiment, the PN code may be a set of pseudo-random but deterministically generated sequences that model certain properties of noise. The code may be generated using a simple linear feedback shift register. The desired properties of the PN sequence may be: (1) a sharp autocorrelation, so that any time-shifted version of the PN code can have a small correlation with the original sequence; (2) there are equal numbers of "1" s and "0" s in any long segment of the sequence, so that the signal may be unbiased; and (3) "1" and "0" occur randomly and independently, making it difficult to reconstruct a sequence from any short segment.

In one embodiment, a first attribute associated with a small correlation of time-shifted versions of a sequence is utilized to inform packet data rates.

In one embodiment, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may use a longer PN sequence, e.g., length 2^m-1, wherein for m-5, the length is 31. One example may be represented by polynomial 1+ X²+X⁵It is given. Since this polynomial is irreducible, it generates 6 sequences with a maximum period of 31.

The following is an example generated for this polynomial by the following matlab code:

S＝[1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0]；

pnSequence＝comm.PNSequence('Polynomial',[5 2 0],...'SamplesPerFrame',31,'InitialConditions',[0 0 0 0 1])；S＝step(pnSequence)。

one or more subsets of the sequence S may be orthogonal to each other. For example, the sequence S may be composed of a first sequence S1 and a second sequence S2, where S1 and S2 are orthogonal to each other, or S1 and S2 may be duplicates of each other. In this case, the receiving device receiving this sequence S may determine whether the data rate is a low data rate or a high data rate based on the composition of the sequence S. For example, if the sequence S includes 64 bits, S1 may include 32 bits and S2 may include 32 bits.

In one embodiment, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may use a different time offset (or two or more if more than two preamble sequences are desired) to uniquely identify the second preamble sequence. Note that more than one time offset may be used if more information may have to be communicated to the WUR. This can avoid the signal field in the 802.11 preamble in situations where about one extra bit needs to be signaled. Since the main distinguishing factor of the preamble sequence is its time offset, it may be important to assign PN offsets with sufficient separation so that there is no false detection caused by the delay spread of the channel. It should be noted that each bit is modulated on-off keying (OOK) with a duration of one 802.11 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of 4 microseconds (usec), even an offset of one generates a separation of 4usec, which is much larger than the Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread of the 802.11n channel model.

In one embodiment, the offset of the transmission preamble may define the data rate of the packet. For example, offset 1 indicates a lower rate and offset 2 indicates a higher rate (if there are more than two rates, more offsets will be defined). The offset is the number of bits that the sequence S can be offset from, e.g., the beginning of the sequence S can start at offset 1 in the case of a lower data rate and can start at offset 2 in the case of a higher data rate. That is, the first sequence S corresponding to the lower data rate may be different from the second sequence S corresponding to the higher data rate. When the receiving device receives a WUR packet, it may determine whether the data rate is a lower data rate or a higher data rate based on whether the WUR preamble includes the first sequence S or the second sequence S.

The offset will be defined either as a constant value in the specification or as a configurable value where the AP advertises them in its WUR information element.

At a station equipment (STA) receiver, the STA receiver may search for offset 1 and offset 2 in parallel to automatically detect the preamble, and thus detect the data rate of the packet.

An alternative to using PN sequences may be to use orthogonal or semi-orthogonal codes, such as walsh codes (walsh codes), Hadamard codes (Hadamard codes), Baker codes (Baker codes), or any other code that may be orthogonal or semi-orthogonal to each other. For example, the beck code used for 802.11b may be used for the WUR preamble.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive.

Fig. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for waking up a receiver (WUR) packet 200 in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the disclosure.

Referring to fig. 2, the WUR packet 200 may include an 802.11 preamble 201, a wakeup preamble 203, a MAC header 205, a payload 207, and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) 209. The wakeup preamble portion 203 is shown as being made up of two sequences S1211 and S2213. These sequences may use different types of codes, such as walsh codes, hadamard codes, beck codes, or any other codes that may be orthogonal or semi-orthogonal to each other.

The wake-up packet structure in TGba proposes a very simple PHY structure consisting of one data rate for transmission of the wake-up packet to meet the required reduced hardware complexity mentioned above. However, there is an incentive to enable two or more data rates: (1) low data rates, e.g., 62.5kbps to meet 11b/11ax extended range mode link budget and range; and (2) high data rates, e.g., 125kbps or 250kbps, to have shorter packet transmission times. Currently, if more than one data rate is supported, the data rate needs to be either pre-negotiated or signaled in the wake-up packet. Pre-negotiation of data rate may occur via the master radio prior to using WUR and entering power down. However, pre-negotiating rates for WURs would be problematic for devices that are mobile and can move farther away from their associated AP while the host Wi-Fi radio is in a power-down mode. As an example, during the negotiated time, 125kbps meets the operating range for the WUR, but then the device moves to be in a new location where the 125kbps wake-up transmission from the AP will not reach the device. Therefore, per packet signaling enabling data rates becomes a requirement.

In one or more embodiments, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble may support two data rates for data transmission. For example, long sequence 210 or long sequence 218 may be used to distinguish between two different rates (e.g., high data rate or low data rate) for data transmission. For example, the long sequence 210 may include two sequences (e.g., S1211 and S2213) embedded in a wake-up preamble of a packet that may be transmitted from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device to indicate a low data rate. Similarly, the long sequence 218 may include two sequences (e.g., S1214 and S2216) embedded in a wake-up preamble of a packet that may be transmitted from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device to indicate a high data rate. The emphasis is that long sequence 210 and long sequence 218 may comprise sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. As such, when the receiving device receives the wake-up preamble 203, the receiving device may be able to determine the data rate being used by the wake-up packet 200 based on the long sequence 210 or the long sequence 218.

In one or more embodiments, long sequence 210 (or long sequence 218) may be a pseudo-random (PN) sequence that complements two replicas of a 15-bit PN sequence (plus two bits of zero value, which equals a 32-bit sequence). In some examples, long sequence 210 may include two sequences that are either duplicates of each other or may be orthogonal to each other. The formation of long sequences will then result in a distinction between high and low data rates at the receiving device. That is, based on the sequences constituting each of the first long sequence and the second long sequence, the first long sequence (e.g., long sequence 210) may correspond to a low data rate and the second long sequence (e.g., long sequence 218) may correspond to a high data rate, for example, if the first long sequence is constituted by a first subset sequence (e.g., S1211) and a second subset sequence (e.g., S2213) that are replicas of each other, and the second long sequence is constituted by a first subset sequence (e.g., S1214) and a second subset sequence (e.g., S2216) that are orthogonal to each other, the receiving apparatus will be able to distinguish between the first long sequence and the second long sequence to determine the data rate. Unlike the conventional way of signaling the data rate by using bits of information in the signal field of the 802.11 preamble of the wake-up packet, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids defining the signal field to carry per-packet signaling information. Since the receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble instead of the 802.11 preamble, the wake-up preamble part will have two functions, which are used for packet detection and also for rate classification. Essentially, rate classification occurs through detection of different sequences included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the sequence detected in the wake-up preamble, the receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet. It should be appreciated that the wake-up receiver does not decode the 802.11 preamble but rather decodes the wake-up preamble of the wake-up packet. Therefore, a wake-up receiver receiving the wake-up packet will need to determine the data rate from the information included in the wake-up preamble of the wake-up packet.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive.

Fig. 3A illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 300 for an illustrative enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

At block 302, a device (e.g., user equipment(s) 120 and/or AP102 of fig. 1) may determine a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of the one or more preambles. The wake-up packet may include an 802.11 preamble, a wake-up preamble, a MAC header, a payload, and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS).

At block 304, the device may determine a data rate associated with the transmission of the wake-up packet.

At block 306, the device may determine a bit sequence, where the bit sequence is associated with a data rate. In a conventional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in the signal field of the 802.11 preamble part. Unlike the conventional approach of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the signal field, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids defining the signal field to carry per-packet signaling information.

At block 308, the device may cause a bit sequence to be embedded in a first preamble of the wake-up packet. For example, a sequence that can be used to distinguish between two different rates (data rates) for data transmission. The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be transmitted from a transmitting device to wake up a receiving device. It is to be understood that embedding the sequence into the preamble includes encoding the sequence into the preamble, adding or including the sequence into the preamble, or encapsulating the sequence in the preamble. The emphasis is that the sequence may comprise two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device.

At block 310, the device may cause a wake-up packet to be sent to the first device. For example, the AP may send one or more wake-up packets to one or more user devices (e.g., user device 120 of fig. 1). The wake-up packet may inform the user equipment to activate a higher power mode, which may include activating a higher power 802.11 transceiver on the user equipment. The wake-up packet may also inform the user equipment to activate the lower power mode.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive.

Fig. 3B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 350 for an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

At block 352, a device (e.g., user device(s) 120 and/or AP102 of fig. 1) may identify a wake-up packet received from the device. For example, the user device may receive one or more wake-up packets from the AP. The wake-up packet may inform the user equipment to activate a higher power mode, which may include activating a higher power 802.11 transceiver on the user equipment. The wake-up packet may also inform the user equipment to activate the lower power mode.

At block 354, the device may identify a sequence of bits in a preamble of the wake-up packet. For example, a sequence that can be used to distinguish between two different rates (data rates) for data transmission. The sequence may be embedded in the preamble of the wake-up packet.

At block 356, the device may determine a data rate based on the bit sequence. For example, the sequence may be used to distinguish between two different rates (data rates) for data transmission. The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be transmitted from a transmitting device to wake up a receiving device. The sequence may comprise two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. Thus, when a receiving device (e.g., user equipment 120 of fig. 1) distinguishes one sequence from another, the receiving device determines the data rate that the packet is using. The sequence may be a longer sequence, such as a pseudo-random (PN) sequence, so that the wake-up packet complements the two replicas of the 15-bit PN sequence with one or more padded zeros. The longer sequence may comprise two sequences that are either duplicates of each other or may be orthogonal to each other. This will result in a distinction between high and low data rates at the receiving device. That is, the first long sequence may correspond to a low data rate, and the second long sequence may correspond to a high data rate. The wake-up packet may include an 802.11 preamble, a wake-up preamble, a MAC header, a payload, and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS).

At block 358, the device may cause the wake-up packet to be decoded based on the code rate. In a conventional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in the signal field of the 802.11 preamble part. Unlike the conventional approach of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the signal field, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids defining the signal field to carry per-packet signaling information. Since the receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble instead of the 802.11 preamble, the wake-up preamble part will have two functions, which are used for packet detection and also for rate classification. Essentially, rate classification occurs through detection of different sequences included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the sequence detected in the wake-up preamble, the receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive.

Fig. 4 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 400, in accordance with some embodiments. In one embodiment, fig. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as AP102 (fig. 1) or user equipment 120 (fig. 1) in accordance with some embodiments. Communication station 400 may also be suitable for use as a handset, mobile device, cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, wearable computer device, femtocell, High Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, access terminal, or other Personal Communication System (PCS) device.

Communication station 400 may include communication circuitry 402 and a transceiver 410 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 401. The communication circuit 402 may include circuitry to: such circuitry may be operable for physical layer (PHY) communications and/or Medium Access Control (MAC) communications to control access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communication layers for transmitting and receiving signals. Communication station 400 may also include processing circuitry 406 and memory 408 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communication circuitry 402 and the processing circuitry 406 may be configured to perform the operations detailed in fig. 2-3.

According to some embodiments, the communication circuitry 402 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure a frame or packet to communicate over the wireless medium. The communication circuit 402 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. The communication circuit 402 may also include circuits for modulation/demodulation, up/down conversion, filtering, amplification, and so forth. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 406 of communication station 400 may include one or more processors. In other embodiments, two or more antennas 401 may be coupled to the communication circuit 402 arranged for transmitting and receiving signals. The memory 408 may store information for configuring the processing circuit 406 to perform operations for configuring and sending message frames and performing various operations described herein. Memory 408 can comprise any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, memory 408 may include a computer-readable storage device, a read-only memory (ROM), a random-access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk storage medium, an optical storage medium, a flash memory device, and other storage devices and media.

In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.

In some embodiments, communication station 400 may include one or more antennas 401. Antenna 401 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some embodiments, instead of two or more antennas, a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used. In these embodiments, each aperture may be considered a separate antenna. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated to obtain spatial diversity and may result in different channel characteristics between each antenna and the antennas of the transmitting station.

In some embodiments, communication station 400 may include one or more of the following: a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.

Although communication station 400 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements of communication station 400 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Some embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, computer-readable storage media may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, communication station 400 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.

Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 500 or system on which one or more techniques (e.g., methods) discussed herein may be executed. In other embodiments, the machine 500 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 500 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 500 may operate as a peer-to-peer machine in a peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The machine 500 may be a Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine (e.g., a base station). Additionally, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term "machine" shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer cluster configurations.

Examples as described herein may include or may operate on logic or several components, modules, or mechanisms. A module is a tangible entity (e.g., hardware) capable, when operated, of performing specified operations. The modules include hardware. In an example, the hardware may be specifically configured to perform certain operations (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer-readable medium containing instructions that configure the execution units to perform particular operations when in operation. This configuration may occur under the direction of an execution unit or loading mechanism. Thus, when the device is in operation, the execution unit is communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium. In this example, an execution unit may be a member of more than one module. For example, in operation, an execution unit may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

A machine (e.g., a computer system) 500 may include a hardware processor 502 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination of these), a main memory 504 and a static memory 506, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interconnection link (e.g., a bus) 508. The machine 500 may also include a power management device 532, a graphical display device 510, an alphanumeric input device 512 (e.g., a keyboard), and a User Interface (UI) navigation device 514 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the graphical display device 510, the alphanumeric input device 512, and the UI navigation device 514 may be touch screen displays. The machine 500 may also include a storage device (e.g., drive unit) 516, a signal generation device 518 (e.g., a speaker), an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519, a network interface device/transceiver 520 coupled to antenna(s) 530, and one or more sensors 528, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine 500 may include an output controller 534, such as a serial (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB)), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., Infrared (IR), Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).

The storage device 516 may include a machine-readable medium 522 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 524 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 524 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 506, within static memory 502, or within the hardware processor 500 during execution thereof by the machine 504. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 502, the main memory 504, the static memory 506, or the storage device 516 may constitute machine-readable media.

The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519 may implement or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., processes 300 and 350) described and illustrated above.

For example, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519 may support two data rates for data transmission.

The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519 may determine a sequence that may be used to distinguish between two different rates (data rates) for data transmission. The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be transmitted from a transmitting device to wake up a receiving device. It is to be understood that embedding the sequence into the preamble includes encoding the sequence into the preamble, adding or including the sequence into the preamble, or encapsulating the sequence in the preamble. The emphasis is that the sequence may comprise two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. Thus, when the receiving device distinguishes one sequence from another, the receiving device determines the data rate being used by the packet. In one or more embodiments, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may facilitate the use of longer sequences, such as pseudo-random (PN) sequences, for wake-up packets to complement two replicas of a 15-bit PN sequence. The longer sequence may comprise two sequences that are either duplicates of each other or may be orthogonal to each other. This will result in a distinction between high and low data rates at the receiving device. That is, the first long sequence may correspond to a low data rate, and the second long sequence may correspond to a high data rate. The wake-up packet may include an 802.11 preamble, a wake-up preamble, a MAC header, a payload, and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS). In a conventional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in the signal field of the 802.11 preamble part. Unlike the conventional approach of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the signal field, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids defining the signal field to carry per-packet signaling information. Since the receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble instead of the 802.11 preamble, the wake-up preamble part will have two functions, which are used for packet detection and also for rate classification. Essentially, rate classification occurs through detection of different sequences included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the sequence detected in the wake-up preamble, the receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet. It should be appreciated that the wake-up receiver does not decode the 802.11 preamble but rather decodes the wake-up preamble of the wake-up packet. Therefore, a wake-up receiver receiving the wake-up packet will need to determine the data rate from the information included in the wake-up preamble of the wake-up packet.

The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519 may generate an orthogonal or semi-orthogonal sequence for the wake-up preamble part. The scheme is that the data rate is signaled in the packet through the detection of the wakeup preamble. As mentioned above, the goal is to design an extremely simple and low cost, low power hardware solution. The above scheme does not extend the length of the wake-up preamble but uses a new sequence to provide discrimination between the two sets beyond that required for normal detection. This is also advantageous for the overall system throughput, since the wake-up packet is very low rate, thus avoiding the need for a signal field with all overhead bits is highly desirable. The main criteria for the design of WURs are very low power and low cost. Achieving these goals creates a way to place Wi-Fi radios in a "power down" state, which achieves significant power savings in typical operating modes.

The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519 may determine an alternate preamble sequence and outlines a method to create two or more preamble sequences to enable per packet data rate indication. With this scheme, first, a longer PN sequence is used for the preamble, rather than a replica of the two preamble sequences. In addition, the properties of the PN sequence are utilized to indicate the data rate in the packet PHY header by adding a specific offset to the sequence. One or more embodiments may use different types of orthogonal codes, such as walsh codes, to signal the data rate. However, to maintain simple hardware for WUR, the PN sequence is described in more detail herein.

Enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519 may facilitate the signaling method of carrying the data rate in the wake-up packet without including an explicit SIGNAL field in the packet. Furthermore, avoiding the need for a signal field with all overhead bits is highly desirable from a system throughput perspective.

It is to be understood that the above are only a subset of the functions that the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519 can be configured to perform, and that other functions included throughout the disclosure may also be performed by the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble 519.

While the machine-readable medium 522 is illustrated as a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" can include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 524.

Various embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in software and/or firmware. Such software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Which may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may take any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such computer-readable media can include any tangible, non-transitory medium for storing information in one or more computer-readable forms, such as, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM); random Access Memory (RAM); a magnetic disk storage medium; an optical storage medium; flash memory, and so on.

The term "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 500 and that cause the machine 500 to perform any one or more of the techniques of this disclosure or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media may include solid-state memory, as well as optical and magnetic media. In an example, the large-scale machine-readable medium comprises a machine-readable medium in which a plurality of particles have a static mass. Specific examples of a large-scale machine-readable medium may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM)), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

Any of a number of transport protocols (e.g., frame relay, Internet Protocol (IP), transport) may also be utilizedA Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), a User Datagram Protocol (UDP), a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.) transmits or receives the instruction 520 through the communication network 526 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 524. Example communication networks may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the internet), a mobile telephone network (e.g., a cellular network), a Plain Old Telephone (POTS) network, a wireless data network (e.g., referred to as a "local area network"), a wireless data network (e.g., a "POTS" network, a "cellular telephone network, a

Is known as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 family of standards, referred to as

IEEE 802.16 family of standards), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., ethernet, coaxial, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communication network 526. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include multiple antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) technologies. The term "transmission medium" shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 500, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software. The operations and processes described and illustrated above may be implemented or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Further, in some implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be performed in parallel. Moreover, in some implementations, fewer or more operations than described may be performed.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. As used herein, the terms "computing device," "user device," "communication station," "handheld device," "mobile device," "wireless device," and "user equipment" (UE) refer to a wireless communication device, such as a cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, femtocell, High Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, printer, point-of-sale device, access terminal, or other Personal Communication System (PCS) device. The device may be mobile or stationary.

As used within this document, the term "communication" is intended to include sending, or receiving, or both. This may be particularly useful in the claims when describing the organization of data transmitted by one device and received by another device, but infringement of the claims requires the functionality of only one of these devices. Similarly, when only the functionality of one of the two devices is claimed, the bidirectional exchange of data between the two devices (both devices transmitting and receiving during the exchange) may be described as "communicating. The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to wireless communication signals includes transmitting wireless communication signals and/or receiving wireless communication signals. For example, a wireless communication unit capable of communicating wireless communication signals may include a wireless transmitter to transmit wireless communication signals to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive wireless communication signals from at least one other wireless communication unit.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

The term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node b (enodeb), or some other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be referred to as a mobile station, User Equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to wireless networks some embodiments may relate to wireless networks operating according to one of the IEEE802.11 standards.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with a variety of devices and systems, such as, for example, Personal Computers (PCs), desktop computers, mobile computers, laptop computers, notebook computers, tablet computers, server computers, handheld devices, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) devices, handheld PDA devices, onboard devices, offboard devices, hybrid devices, onboard devices, offboard devices, mobile or portable devices, consumer devices, non-mobile or non-portable devices, wireless communication stations, wireless communication devices, wireless Access Points (APs), wired or wireless routers, wired or wireless modems, video devices, audio-video (a/V) devices, wired or wireless networks, wireless area networks, wireless video area networks (wireless video area networks, WVAN), Local Area Network (LAN), Wireless LAN (WLAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with the following systems or devices: one-way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radiotelephone communication systems, mobile telephones, cellular telephones, radiotelephones, Personal Communication Systems (PCS) devices, PDA devices including wireless communication devices, mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, devices including GPS receivers or transceivers or chips, devices including RFID elements or chips, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceivers or devices, Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceivers or devices, Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceivers or devices, devices having one or more internal and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) devices or systems, multiple wireless radio systems or devices such as wired radio systems (wireless radio systems or wired radio systems), smart phones, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) devices, and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems that conform to one or more wireless communication protocols, such as Radio Frequency (RF), Infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (orthogonal single carrier FDM, OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (time-division multiple access, TDMA), extended TDMA (extended TDMA, E-TDMA), general packet radio service (general packet radio service, GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (code-division multiple access, CDMA), wideband CDMA (wideband CDMA, CDMA), CDMA 2000, CDMA, multicarrier, multi-carrier modulation (DMT), DMT-multiple access (DMT-tone, DMT),

global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Zigbee, ultra-wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile network, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), and so on. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 may include an apparatus comprising a storage and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry configured to: determining a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of the one or more preambles; determining a data rate associated with transmission of the wake-up packet; determining a bit sequence, wherein the bit sequence may be associated with the data rate; causing the bit sequence to be embedded in the first preamble; and causing the wake-up packet to be sent to the first device.

Example 2 may include an apparatus as described in example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

Example 3 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence includes a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence, wherein the data rate may be a low data rate, and wherein the first bit sequence and the second bit sequence are orthogonal to each other.

Example 4 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence includes a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate, and wherein the first bit sequence may be a replica of the second bit sequence.

Example 5 may include the apparatus of example 4 and/or some other example herein, wherein the duration of the sequence of bits may be 128 microseconds.

Example 6 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence is based on at least one of a walsh code, a beck code, or a hadamard code.

Example 7 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence may be a pseudorandom sequence.

Example 8 may include the apparatus of example 5 and/or some other example herein, wherein the pseudo-random sequence may be associated with a first offset, wherein the first offset may be associated with a low data rate.

Example 9 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits may include at least 31 bits.

Example 10 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the long sequence may be associated with a second offset, wherein the second offset may be associated with a high data rate.

Example 11 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits may be associated with on-off keying (OOK).

Example 12 may include the apparatus of example 1 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

Example 13 may include the apparatus of example 12 and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled with the transceiver.

Example 14 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause performance of operations comprising: identifying a wake-up packet received from a device; identifying a sequence of bits in a preamble of the wake-up packet; identifying a data rate based on the bit sequence; and cause decoding of the wake-up packet based on the code rate.

Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: determining that the bit sequence comprises a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence; determining that the data rate may be a low data rate based on the second bit sequence may be a replica of the first bit sequence.

Example 16 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence includes a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence, wherein the first bit sequence and the second bit sequence are orthogonal to each other.

Example 18 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence is based on at least one of a walsh code, a beck code, or a hadamard code.

Example 19 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits may include at least 31 bits.

Example 20 may include a method comprising: determining, by the one or more processors, a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of the one or more preambles; determining a data rate associated with transmission of the wake-up packet; determining a bit sequence, wherein the bit sequence may be associated with the data rate; causing the bit sequence to be embedded in the first preamble; and causing the wake-up packet to be sent to the first device.

Example 21 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

Example 22 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence includes a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence, wherein the first bit sequence and the second bit sequence are orthogonal to each other.

Example 23 may include an apparatus comprising means for: identifying a wake-up packet received from a device; identifying a first bit sequence in a preamble of the wake-up packet; determining a data rate based on the first bit sequence; and cause decoding of the wake-up packet based on the code rate.

Example 24 may include an apparatus as described in example 23 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

Example 25 may include the apparatus of example 23 and/or some other example herein, wherein the bit sequence includes a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence, wherein the first bit sequence and the second bit sequence are orthogonal to each other.

Example 26 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform one or more elements of a method described in any of examples 1-25 or in relation to any of examples 1-25, or any other method or process described herein.

Example 27 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or relating to any of examples 1-25 or any other method or process described herein.

Example 28 may include a method, technique, or process as described in any of examples 1-25 or in relation to any of examples 1-25, or some portion thereof.

Example 29 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process as described in any of examples 1-25 or in relation to any of examples 1-25, or some portion thereof.

Example 30 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

Example 31 may include a system for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

Example 32 may include an apparatus for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

Embodiments according to the invention are disclosed in the accompanying claims, especially for a method, a storage medium, an apparatus, and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category (e.g. method) may also be claimed in another claim category (e.g. system). The dependent or back-referenced in the appended claims are selected solely for the sake of form. However, any subject matter resulting from an intentional back-referencing of any preceding claim (especially multiple dependencies) may also be claimed, such that any combination of a claim and its features is disclosed and may be claimed regardless of the dependency selected in the appended claims. The claimable subject matter comprises not only the combinations of features recited in the appended claims, but also any other combination of features in the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims may be combined with any other feature or combination of features in the claims. Furthermore, any embodiments and features described or depicted herein may be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any feature of the appended claims.

The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure are described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Similarly, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some implementations.

These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special purpose computer or other specific machine, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. By way of example, certain implementations may provide a computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code or program instructions embodied therein, the computer readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified procedures, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional language such as "can," "might," "may," or "may," etc., unless specifically stated otherwise or understood otherwise within the context of use, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations may include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required by one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (25)

1. An apparatus comprising a storage device and a processing circuit configured to: determining a wake-up packet, the wake-up packet including a first preamble of the one or more preambles; determining a data rate associated with the transmission of the wake-up packet; determining a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the data rate; such that the bit sequence is embedded in the first preamble; and causing the wake-up packet to be sent to the first device. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the data rate is a low data rate, and wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits The bit sequences are orthogonal to each other. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the data rate is a high data rate, and wherein the first sequence of bits is the second sequence of bits A replica of the bit sequence. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the duration of the bit sequence is 128 microseconds. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits is based on at least one of a Walsh code, a Baker code, or a Hadamard code. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits is a pseudorandom sequence. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the pseudorandom sequence is associated with a first offset, wherein the first offset is associated with a low data rate. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits comprises at least 31 bits. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the long sequence is associated with a second offset, wherein the second offset is associated with a high data rate. 11. The apparatus of any of claims 1-10, wherein the bit sequence is associated with on-off keying (OOK). 12. The device of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals. 13. The device of claim 12, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause to perform operations comprising: Identify wake-up packets received from the device; identifying the bit sequence in the preamble of the wake-up packet; identifying a data rate based on the bit sequence; and The wake-up packet is caused to be decoded based on the code rate. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise: determining that the bit sequence includes a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence; The data rate is determined to be a low data rate based on the second bit sequence being a replica of the first bit sequence. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of claims 14-16, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the first sequence of bits and the first sequence of bits The two-bit sequences are orthogonal to each other. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the sequence of bits is based on at least one of a Walsh code, a Baker code, or a Hadamard code. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the sequence of bits includes at least 31 bits. 20. A method comprising: determining, by one or more processors, a wake-up packet, the wake-up packet including a first preamble of the one or more preambles; determining a data rate associated with the transmission of the wake-up packet; determining a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the data rate; such that the bit sequence is embedded in the first preamble; and causing the wake-up packet to be sent to the first device. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate. 22. The method of any of claims 20-21, wherein the bit sequence comprises a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence, wherein the first bit sequence and the second bit sequence are orthogonal to each other . 23. An apparatus comprising components for: Identify wake-up packets received from the device; identifying the first bit sequence in the preamble of the wake-up packet; determining a data rate based on the first bit sequence; and The wake-up packet is caused to be decoded based on the code rate. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate. 25. The apparatus of any of claims 23-24, wherein the bit sequence comprises a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence, wherein the first bit sequence and the second bit sequence are orthogonal to each other .

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