CN1110292C - Cataract ultrasonic emulsifying instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is an improvement and improvement of a cataract phacoemulsification instrument, an ophthalmic microsurgery medical equipment. The whole machine adopts a single-chip microcomputer to control the liquid crystal to display a Chinese character human-machine interface. It is connected with a replaceable two-stage stepped amplitude and hyperboloid transition horn (treatment needle), an ultrasonic power supply consisting of a switching power amplifier circuit, automatic frequency tracking, and constant power control, as well as a peristaltic pump, solenoid valve , Injection suction and backflow protection system composed of vacuum degree measuring circuit. The electro-acoustic conversion efficiency of the whole machine is high, and the degree of intelligence is high, which reduces the adverse effects of cavitation effect, and the operation is safe, stable and reliable.

Description

Cataract Phacoemulsification Apparatus

technical field

The invention belongs to ophthalmic microsurgery equipment, and relates to the improvement and perfection of a cataract phacoemulsification instrument.

Background technique

The working principle of the phacoemulsification instrument to remove cataract tissue is: drive the ultrasonic transducer with a power ultrasonic signal source, convert the electrical energy into high-speed and small-amplitude mechanical energy, and then use the horn to gather energy to amplify the amplitude to produce " Cutting effect" and "cavitation effect", make it crushed, emulsified and sucked out of the body. (Then cooperate with the implantation of the artificial lens to restore vision to the patient). Compared with traditional intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction, phacoemulsification has the advantages of smaller incision, fewer postoperative complications and faster visual recovery. This treatment is also suitable for immature cataracts, making early treatment possible.

The phacoemulsification apparatus manufactured abroad has already been imported into my country, but the research and development in our country is still blank. However, the existing foreign cataract phacoemulsification apparatus has the following disadvantages: firstly, the adverse effect of "cavitation effect", because the used ultrasonic frequency is low (about 40kHz), the uncontrollable "cavitation effect" will cause disturbance in the eye , so that the broken tissue is kept away from the operation head longitudinally, which reduces the suction efficiency; and the air bubbles caused by the "cavitation effect" may block the doctor's sight and affect the operation, and the "cavitation effect" also brings Power wasted. Secondly, the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency of the whole machine is relatively low, so that the required electric power is relatively large, and the structure of the ultrasonic transducer in the handle and the circuit of the main unit need to be improved.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to improve and perfect the existing technology and products, and provide an efficient, safe and reliable phacoemulsification apparatus for cataract. Specifically, a higher ultrasonic frequency (50kHz) is used to improve the suction efficiency, improve and perfect the design of the ultrasonic transducer and control circuit, the handle is a compact overall structure, the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency is high, and the ultrasonic generator system has a power limit Protection function, injection and suction system has vacuum detection and backflow protection function.

The cataract phacoemulsification apparatus of the present invention is composed of a handle and a host. Ultrasonic transducer is arranged in said handle, injection pipeline and suction pipeline, and said main engine comprises ultrasonic generator and ultrasonic power upper limit protection circuit, and the improvement of the present invention is that the feature is to adopt higher ultrasonic The frequency is 50kHz. The vibration transmission rod in the handle is integrated with the front cover. The ultrasonic transducer and the handle are connected softly with threads and soft gaskets. The suction pipeline runs through the entire ultrasonic transducer longitudinally. The treatment needle at the front end of the handle is shaped A ladder-shaped tubular horn; said host includes a control display circuit composed of a single-chip microcomputer control circuit and a liquid crystal display interface, a peristaltic pump and its drive circuit composed of said single-chip microcomputer control circuit, injection valve, return valve and its An injection and suction system composed of a driving circuit and a vacuum degree measuring circuit, one is controlled by the said single-chip microcomputer control circuit, the vacuum degree measuring circuit, and the said reflux valve connected between the injection path and the suction path Vacuum detection and backflow protection system composed of backflow branch.

The improved and perfected cataract phacoemulsification apparatus of the present invention has the following characteristics and remarkable effects.

(1) The present invention adopts higher ultrasonic frequency (50kHz), which reduces the disturbance caused by "cavitation effect" in the emulsification process, and increases the cutting effect caused by instantaneous acceleration, thereby improving the suction efficiency and Many problems caused by "cavitation effect" are avoided.

(2) The ultrasonic transducer in the handle of the present invention adopts the back cover plate structure after being tightened, and the vibration transmission rod is integrated with the front cover plate, and there is no air gap between the treatment needle and the ultrasonic transducer to fit closely, and the transducer and the handle Set of flexible connections; the suction tube runs through the transducer longitudinally, thus ensuring high electro-acoustic conversion efficiency, effective transmission of ultrasonic energy, and reduced heat loss, and can work effectively for a long time.

(3) The ultrasonic power amplifier adopts a switching power amplifier with matching network, automatic frequency tracking and power upper limit control to ensure that the transducer always works in a resonant state and improves the conversion efficiency of the whole machine.

(4) Using single-chip microcomputer control, liquid crystal display Chinese character interface, vacuum degree measurement in the ultrasonic generator system and suction system realizes single-chip microcomputer control, which improves the working stability and reliability.

(5) The ultrasonic generator has a power upper limit protection function, and the injection and suction system has a self-check and backflow protection function, which improves the safety and reliability of the whole machine.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the working principle of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the handle of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the therapeutic needle of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the control and display circuit of the single chip microcomputer of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a driving circuit diagram of the peristaltic pump of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the solenoid valve driver of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of vacuum degree measurement in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a working principle block diagram showing the composition structure of the system of the present invention. The composition and structure of the whole machine of the cataract phacoemulsification apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 . Except handle 10 among Fig. 1 is host part. The host part includes a control display circuit consisting of a single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 and a liquid crystal display interface 13, an ultrasonic generator including an ultrasonic signal circuit, a thyristor voltage regulating circuit, a switching power amplifier circuit, a matching network and an automatic frequency tracking circuit. System 15: an injection system composed of said single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14, injection valve 3, injection valve driver 12, three-way device 2 and injection liquid bottle 1; one is composed of single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14, peristaltic pump 8, collector 9 , a suction system composed of three-way devices 5 and 6 and a vacuum degree measuring circuit 7; a backflow protection system composed of a backflow valve 4 and a backflow valve driver 11, a single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14, and a vacuum degree measuring circuit 7; an ultrasonic power Upper limit protection circuit (not shown in the figure), a foot switch 16 is connected with single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the handle 10 of the present invention. The transducer 100 wherein is an efficient miniaturized power ultrasonic transducer, and its structure is such: the front cover plate 110 is integrated with the vibration transmission rod 111, and runs through a hollow suction pipeline 116 longitudinally, and the front cover plate The diameter of the rear section 117 is smaller than that of the middle section. An insulating ring 140 is installed on the rear section 117, and then two piezoelectric ceramic crystals 130 are installed on the insulating ring 140. There is a positive electrode piece connected to the positive electrode between the two piezoelectric ceramic crystals 130. 150. The front and rear end surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic crystals 130 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the front cover plate 110. And use the back cover 120 to compress and fix the negative plate 151, the positive plate 150 and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal 130 to the rear end face 115 together; There is a shoulder 113 at the front of the middle section of the front cover plate 110, and a soft gasket 146 and 145 are respectively arranged on the front and rear end surfaces of the shoulder 113. Then use the rear handle cover 170 to lock the shoulder 113 through the soft washer 146 on the rear end surface of the shoulder, so that the front cover 110 is integrated with the front handle cover 160 and the rear handle cover 170. The front handle cover 160 is connected with an injection pipeline 161, and the rear end of the rear handle cover 170 is equipped with an end cover 171, through which the suction pipeline 116 and the electrode lead wire are perforated. At the front of the front handle cover, a protective sleeve 181 is screwed on the front end of the transition sleeve 180 .

As shown in Fig. 3, the therapeutic needle head of the present invention, i.e. the horn 20, is in the shape of a stepped tube, and the working section adopts a two-stage stepped amplitude, and the front and rear diameters are D1 and D2 respectively, and the transition surface between the two steps is a hyperboloid 202, also That is to say, the line of intersection of the curved surface through the section of the axis is a hyperbola. The step-amplitude horn can get the maximum magnification when working, so that the top of the horn has sufficient amplitude, and the hyperboloid transition improves the fatigue resistance. In order to meet different requirements, the treatment needle, that is, the top end 201 of the horn can be made into different angles. The ultrasonic transducer 100 and the horn 20 are threadedly connected, the front end of the transducer front cover 110 is a flat-bottomed screw hole 112, and the flat-bottomed stud 203 at the rear end of the horn is screwed into the said flat-bottomed screw hole to ensure that both The end faces of the front cover plate 110 are in close contact with each other without gaps, and are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the front cover plate 110 . This connection structure eliminates the loss caused by the reflection of ultrasonic waves caused by the existence of air gaps.

The working process of the cataract phacoemulsification apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 . In the injection path in the figure, the injection liquid bottle 1 is connected to the three-way device 2 through the liquid injection pipe, one end of the three-way device 2 is connected to the input end of the injection valve 3, the other end is connected to the input end of the return valve 4, and the input end of the injection valve 3 The output end is connected with the injection channel port of the ultrasonic handle 10, and the control ends of the backflow valve 4 and the injection valve 3 are connected with the control signal end of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 through the backflow valve driver 11 and the injection valve driver 12 respectively, and the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 is connected with the control signal end of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 LCD 13 is connected. The injection valve and return valve here can use solenoid valves. When the host is in the injection function, the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 controls the return valve 4 to close, and when the foot switch 16 is stepped on, the injection valve 3 is opened to implement the injection function. The size of the injection flow is adjusted by adjusting the height of the injection liquid bottle 1 .

In the suction channel, connect one end of the peristaltic pump 8 to the collector 9 with a silicone rubber hose, the other end of the peristaltic pump 8 to one end of the three-way device 6, and the other end of the three-way device 6 to the ultrasonic handle 10 The joint of the suction passage 117, the third end is connected to one end of the three-way device 5, the other end of the three-way device 5 is connected to the output end of the return valve 4, and the third end is connected to the input end of the vacuum degree measuring circuit 7 , the measurement output of the vacuum measurement circuit 7 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14. When adjusting the main engine to be in the injection/suction function, step on the foot switch 16, the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 controls the injection valve 3 to open, the return valve 4 to close, and simultaneously controls the peristaltic pump 8 to form a suction operation according to the set flow rate. The liquid sucked out by the peristaltic pump 8 is sent into the collector 9 .

The electrode input end of the ultrasonic handle 10 in the ultrasonic transducer system is connected with the high-frequency output end of the ultrasonic generator 15, and the power control input end of the ultrasonic generator 15 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14. When the adjustment host is in injection/suction/ Ultrasonic function, when stepping on the foot switch 16, the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 controls the ultrasonic generator 15 to output ultrasonic power to the ultrasonic handle, and implements the injection and suction functions at the same time, so that the injection/suction/ultrasound functions can be performed at the same time, and treatment can be implemented Operation.

In the host part of the present invention, the injection and suction system are interrelated with the vacuum detection and backflow protection system, and jointly complete the functions of injection, suction, vacuum automatic detection and backflow protection, and ensure safe and reliable work: see Figure 1, backflow The protection circuit is composed of a single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14, a vacuum degree measurement circuit 7, a return valve 4 and an injection valve 3. The vacuum degree measurement circuit 7 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14, and the three-way device 5 in the suction path is connected to the vacuum degree measurement circuit 7. The return branch controlled by the return valve 4 is connected between the injection passage and the suction passage, that is, the two ends of the return valve 4 are respectively connected to the three-way device 2 in the injection passage and the three-way device 2 in the suction-vacuum measurement passage. The three-way device 5 is connected. In the process of suction operation, the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 measures the instantaneous vacuum value Pd in the suction passage through the vacuum degree measuring circuit 7, and compares Pd with the vacuum degree preset value Po, and then uses the control of the comparison result Signal to control the opening and closing of the injection valve 3 and the return valve 4. If Pd is less than Po, then close the return valve 4, and the system is in a normal working state; if Pd is greater than Po, then close the injection valve 3, and open the return valve 4 at the same time, so that the injection channel communicates with the suction channel, and the vacuum degree in the suction channel Return to normal value soon. Because the host computer control system of the present invention has the functions of vacuum degree control and backflow protection, the danger of eye tissue damage due to excessive vacuum in the suction passage is avoided.

The characteristics of the electrical circuit of the host part of the present invention are described below.

The single-chip computer control display circuit of the present invention is mainly controlled by the single-chip computer circuit. It is composed of a button control circuit, a liquid crystal control display module and a control quantity interface circuit. Its principle is shown in accompanying drawing 4: single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14, peripheral circuit is 32,34,36, is respectively address latch, address decoder and rewritable program storage. Button 35 sends control signal to button controller 33, and button controller 33, liquid crystal control display module 13, the key value that single-chip microcomputer obtains according to button controller 33 and the relevant data (comprising foot switch) collected by control quantity interface circuit 39 State signal, vacuum signal, power signal, etc.), after processing, different control signals are output to the whole machine, and each display value is sent to the display control module 13 at the same time, and finally displayed by the display 37.

Fig. 5 is the peristaltic pump drive circuit diagram of the present invention, and the three-way control signal Pa of single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 output, Pb, Pc are connected with the input end of the open-collector inverter U41, U42, U43 respectively, and this inverter The output terminals of U41, R42, and R43 are respectively connected to the power supply +V41, and the output terminals of U41, U42, and U43 are respectively connected to resistors R44, R45, and R46. The other ends of R44, R45, and R46 are respectively connected to high-power transistors The bases of BG41, BG42, and BG43 are connected, the emitters of BG41, BG42, and BG43 are grounded, and the collectors are respectively connected to diodes D41, D42, and D43. One end of the A, B, and C three-phase windings is connected, and the other end of the three-phase windings is connected to the power supply +V42. In the embodiment of the present invention, the stepper motor works in a three-phase six-time system, and the control pulse is generated by the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 to control the speed of the stepper motor, and the stepper motor drives the peristaltic pump head to make the peristaltic pump work.

The injection valve and the return valve of the embodiment of the present invention adopt the same type of solenoid valve. Fig. 6 is the solenoid valve driving circuit of the present invention: the control signal Pe of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14 output is connected with the input terminal of the inverter U51 of open collector, and the output terminal of U51 is connected with the power supply +V51 behind the resistance R51, and the output of U51 Termination resistor R52, the other end of R52 is connected to the base of the high-power transistor BG51, the emitter of BG51 is grounded, the collector is respectively connected to the diode D51 and then connected to the power supply +V51, the collector of BG51 is connected to one end of the solenoid valve winding G, The other end of the solenoid valve winding G is connected to the resistor R53 and then to the power supply +V51.

Fig. 7 is the vacuum measurement circuit of the present invention, wherein the operational amplifier adopts a dual-unit module type, that is, the operational amplifiers U61, U62, and U63 respectively have two groups of modules A and B with the same structure. Operational amplifier U63: the same input terminal 5 of B is connected to the negative terminal of resistor R61 and Zener diode D61, the other end of R61 is connected to the power supply +V61, the other end of D61 is grounded, U63: the reverse input terminal 6 of B is connected to The output terminal 7 is connected. Pin 1 of the pressure sensor Ps is connected to U63: the output terminal 7 of B, pin 3 of Ps is grounded, and pin 2 is connected to the operational amplifier U61: the same input terminal 3 of A, U61: the reverse input terminal 2 and output terminal 7 of A Connect resistor R62 between them. Pin 4 of the pressure sensor Ps is connected to the non-inverting input terminal 5 of the operational amplifier U61: B, and a resistor R63 is connected between the inverting input terminal 6 and the output terminal 7 of U61: B. An adjustable resistor KRw is connected between the inverting input terminals 2 and 6 of the operational amplifier U61:A and U61:B. Operational amplifier U61: output terminal 1 of A is connected to resistor R64, and the other terminal of R64 is connected to operational amplifier U62: inverting input terminal 2 of A. Operational amplifier U61: the output terminal 7 of B is connected to resistor R65, the other end of resistor R65 is connected to operational amplifier U62: the same input terminal 3 of A, one end of resistor R66 is grounded, and the other end is connected to operational amplifier U62: the same input terminal 3 of A . Operational amplifier U62: Resistor R67 is connected between the inverting input terminal 2 of A and output terminal 1, operational amplifier U62: the output terminal 1 of A is connected to operational amplifier U62: the same input terminal 5 of B, operational amplifier U62: the inverse of B Connect between input terminal 6 and output terminal 7. The output signal Pd of the operational amplifier U62:B is sent to the vacuum measurement terminal of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit 14, thereby forming a vacuum measurement circuit.

The power upper limit protection circuit used in the present invention is basically the same as the power upper limit protection circuit in another patent CN1134269A of the inventor.

Claims (6)

1. cataract ultrasonic emulsification instrument, form by handle and main frame two large divisions, in the said handle ultrasonic transducer is arranged, filling line and aspiration, said main frame comprises ultrasonic generator and ultrasonic power upscale protection circuit, it is characterized in that adopting higher supersonic frequency 50kHz, vibration transmission rod and front shroud in the handle are integral, ultrasonic transducer and taper knob are flexible coupling with screw thread and soft washer, aspiration vertically runs through the whole ultrasonic transducer, and the treatment syringe needle of handle front end is that profile is step-like tubulose horn; Said main frame comprises a control display circuit of being made up of single chip machine controlling circuit and liquid crystal display interface, an injection and a suction system of being made up of said single chip machine controlling circuit, peristaltic pump and drive circuit thereof, injection valve and reflux inlet and driver thereof and vacuum measurement circuit; One by said single chip machine controlling circuit, vacuum measurement circuit and be connected across vacuum detecting and the back flow protection system that the backflow branch road controlled by said reflux inlet between path and the suction path is formed of injecting.

2. cataract ultrasonic emulsification instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the transition face between the treatment wire tip profile ladder of said handle front end is a hyperboloid, the treatment syringe needle is screwed in the flat screw of transducer front shroud front end with the flat double-screw bolt of its back segment, the two fits tightly, and this binding face is vertical with the longitudinal axis of handle front shroud.

3. cataract ultrasonic emulsification instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that front shroud (110) and vibration transmission rod (111) are one, vertically run through a hollow aspiration (116), the rear end of front shroud (117) is little than the diameter in stage casing, go up suit dead ring (140) at back segment (117), go up two piezoceramics crystals of suit (130) at dead ring (140) again, the positive plate (150) that links to each other with positive pole is arranged between two piezoceramics crystals (130), the front/rear end of two piezoceramics crystals (130) is parallel to each other, and it is vertical with the longitudinal axis of front shroud (110), its front end face is close to the rear end face (115) in front shroud stage casing, rear end face is close to the negative plate (151) that links to each other with negative pole, and with negative plate (151), positive plate (150) and piezoceramics crystal (130) (115) together to back end are fixed with back shroud (120); Taper knob is by remote holder sleeve (160), defensive position sleeve (170) and spacer shell (180) are formed, there is convex shoulder (113) front portion in front shroud (110) stage casing, the front/rear end of this convex shoulder (113) respectively has a soft washer (146) and (145), the soft washer (145) of convex shoulder (113) and front end face thereof is embedded in the front port of remote holder sleeve (160), reuse defensive position sleeve (170) is locked convex shoulder (113) through the soft washer (146) of convex shoulder rear end face, thereby front shroud (110) and remote holder sleeve (160) and defensive position sleeve (170) are fused; Be connected with on the remote holder sleeve (160) and inject path (161), there is an end cap (171) rear end of back sleeve (170), and aspiration and contact conductor are bored a hole and mistake, the front portion of preceding word sleeve, and a protective sleeve (181) is screwed in the leading section of spacer shell (180).

4. the described cataract ultrasonic emulsification instrument of claim 1 is characterized in that the three tunnel control signal Pas of peristaltic pump drive circuit by single chip machine controlling circuit (14) output, Pb, Pc respectively with open-collector reverser U41, U42, the input of U43 links to each other, and the outfan of this reverser is connecting resistance R41 respectively, R42, link to each other U41, U42 behind the R43 with power supply+V41, the outfan of U43 again respectively with resistance R 44, R45, R46 links to each other, R44, R45, the other end of R46 respectively with large power triode BG41, BG42, the base stage of BG43 links to each other, BG41, BG42, the grounded emitter of BG43, colelctor electrode meets diode D41 respectively, and D42 meets power supply+V42 behind the D43, BG41, BG42, the colelctor electrode of BG43 again respectively with the A of motor, B, one end of C three phase windings links to each other, another termination power+V42 of three phase windings.

5. cataract ultrasonic emulsification instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that operational amplifier used in the vacuum measurement circuit adopts two cell modulars, and promptly operational amplifier U61, U62, U63 have A respectively, two groups of identical unit modules of structure of B; The input in the same way (5) of operational amplifier U63:B is connected with the negative end of resistance R 61 and Zener diode D61, another termination power+V61 of R61, and the other end ground connection of D61, the reverse input end of U63:B (6) links to each other with outfan (7); 1 foot of pressure transducer Ps connects the outfan (7) of U63:B, the 3 foot ground connection of Ps, and 2 feet are received the input in the same way (3) of operational amplifier U61:A, are connected resistance R 62 between the reverse input end of U61:A (2) and the outfan (7); 4 feet of pressure transducer Ps are received the input in the same way (5) of operational amplifier U61:B, are connected resistance R 63 between the reverse input end of U61:B (6) and the outfan (7); Be connected adjustable resistance KRw between the reverse input end (2) of operational amplifier U61:A and U61:B and (6); The outfan of operational amplifier U61:A (1) connecting resistance R64, the reverse input end (2) of another termination operational amplifier U62:A of R64; The outfan of operational amplifier U61:B (7) connecting resistance R65, the input in the same way (3) of another termination operational amplifier U62:A of resistance R 65, resistance R 66 1 end ground connection, the input in the same way (3) of another termination operational amplifier U62:A; Be connected resistance R 67 between the reverse input end of operational amplifier U62:A (2) and the outfan (1), the outfan of operational amplifier U62:A (1) connects the input in the same way (5) of operational amplifier U62:B, is connected between the reverse input end of operational amplifier U62:B (6) and the outfan (7); The output signal Pd of operational amplifier U62:B is sent to the vacuum measurement end of single chip machine controlling circuit (14).

6. cataract ultrasonic emulsification instrument as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that vacuum measurement circuit (7) is connected the input vacuum measurement signal of telecommunication in vacuum detecting and the back flow protection system with single chip machine controlling circuit (14); three-way device in the suction path (5) is connected with vacuum measurement circuit (7) and imports vacuum detection physical quantity signal; the backflow branch road that reflux inlet (4) is controlled is connected across and injects between path and the suction path, and promptly the two ends of reflux inlet (4) link to each other with the three-way device (5) of the three-way device (2) that injects path with suction one vacuum measurement path respectively.

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