CN111024227A - Solar total irradiance and sky scattered irradiance measuring device - Google Patents
Solar total irradiance and sky scattered irradiance measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111024227A CN111024227A CN201911377314.2A CN201911377314A CN111024227A CN 111024227 A CN111024227 A CN 111024227A CN 201911377314 A CN201911377314 A CN 201911377314A CN 111024227 A CN111024227 A CN 111024227A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
- G01J1/0403—Mechanical elements; Supports for optical elements; Scanning arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0202—Mechanical elements; Supports for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J2001/4266—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors for measuring solar light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J2003/2866—Markers; Calibrating of scan
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种太阳总辐照度及天空散射辐照度测量装置，解决现有照度计测量天空背景照度时，采用人工操作，使得操作者工作繁重，以及无法获取光谱辐照度的问题。该装置包括遮光组件、调平平台、余弦转换器、探测器、光谱仪；余弦转换器顶部中心设有圆形开口，余弦转换器侧部开设有两个出光口；余弦转换器顶部设有透明保护罩；余弦转换器用于将经开口入射的光转化为各出射方向一致的漫反射光；余弦转换器内设有分光元件，分光元件分出的两路光分别出射至探测器、光谱仪；遮光组件包括挡光环支架和设置在挡光环支架上的挡光环；挡光环支架位于调平平台的一侧，挡光环为圆弧形的条带，条带的宽度大于开口直径；挡光环可位于开口的正上方。
The invention provides a measuring device for total solar irradiance and sky scattered irradiance, which solves the problems of manual operation when the existing illuminometer measures the sky background irradiance, which makes the operator heavy work and cannot obtain the spectral irradiance. . The device includes a shading component, a leveling platform, a cosine converter, a detector, and a spectrometer; a circular opening is arranged in the center of the top of the cosine converter, and two light outlet openings are arranged on the side of the cosine converter; the top of the cosine converter is provided with a transparent protection Cover; the cosine converter is used to convert the light incident through the opening into diffuse reflection light with the same output direction; the cosine converter is provided with a beam splitter, and the two paths of light split by the beam splitter are respectively emitted to the detector and the spectrometer; shading components It includes a light blocking ring support and a light blocking ring arranged on the light blocking ring support; the light blocking ring support is located on one side of the leveling platform, the light blocking ring is an arc-shaped strip, and the width of the strip is larger than the diameter of the opening; the light blocking ring can be located on the side of the opening. Directly above.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical radiation measurement, in particular to a device for measuring total solar irradiance and sky scattered irradiance.
Background
Radiometric calibration is a precondition for acquiring quantitative data of remote sensing information, and the radiometric calibration is to determine the radiometric correspondence of each pixel of the calibrated device through a uniform, stable and known target light source of radiance. The radiance of an observed target is determined by the target reflectivity and the solar illumination, and in orbit calibration, large-area uniform substances, such as deserts and large-area water areas, are usually selected as calibration targets, the reflectivity of the calibration targets is basically uniform and stable, the change is mainly the solar illumination, for the morning and evening time, the solar illumination changes greatly and the change range is also very large, so the solar and sky background radiance is a key link in the calibration targets.
At present, most illuminometers in the market measure the total solar irradiance, when the sky background illumination needs to be measured, the illumination is usually shielded by a handheld light barrier, and the operation mode makes the work of an operator heavy; in addition, the existing illuminometers cannot obtain spectral irradiance, and the requirement of solar radiation precision is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for measuring solar total irradiance and sky scattered irradiance, aiming at solving the technical problems that an operator is heavy in work and cannot obtain spectral irradiance due to manual operation when an existing illuminometer measures sky background illuminance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a device for measuring total solar irradiance and sky scattered irradiance is characterized in that: the device comprises a shading component, a leveling platform, a cosine converter arranged on the leveling platform, a micro-light detector and a spectrometer; a circular opening is formed in the center of the top of the cosine converter, and two light outlets are formed in the side of the cosine converter; the top of the cosine converter is provided with a transparent protective cover which is used for ensuring uniform light transmission in all directions and protecting the opening from being polluted; the cosine converter is used for converting the light incident through the opening into diffuse reflection light with consistent emergent directions; a light splitting element is arranged in the cosine converter and is used for splitting the diffuse reflection light into two paths which are respectively emitted to a micro light detector and a spectrometer from two light outlets; the shading assembly comprises a light blocking ring bracket and a light blocking ring arranged on the light blocking ring bracket; the light blocking ring bracket is positioned on one side of the leveling platform, the light blocking ring is a circular arc-shaped strip, and the width of the strip is greater than the diameter of the opening; the light blocking ring can be positioned right above the opening, so that the single target light cannot directly irradiate into the cosine receiver.
Furthermore, the light barrier ring bracket comprises a light barrier ring base, a light barrier ring upright rod, a light barrier ring long supporting rod and 2 light barrier ring adjusting rods; the light barrier ring vertical rod is arranged on the light barrier ring base, and a first through hole is formed in the upper part of the light barrier ring vertical rod; the light blocking ring long supporting rod penetrates through the second through hole, and second through holes are formed in the two ends of the light blocking ring long supporting rod in the radial direction; and 2 light barrier ring adjusting rods respectively penetrate through the second through holes at the two ends of the light barrier ring long supporting rod and then are connected with the two ends of the light barrier ring.
Furthermore, a first threaded hole which is communicated with the first through hole is formed in the upper part of the light blocking ring vertical rod; the light blocking ring long supporting rod is in clearance fit with the first through hole, and the light blocking ring long supporting rod is fixed in the first through hole through the light blocking ring locking bolt penetrating through the first threaded hole.
Furthermore, the shading assembly also comprises a power unit, and the output of the power unit is connected with the light blocking ring long supporting rod and is used for driving the light blocking ring long supporting rod to rotate in the first through hole;
furthermore, a second threaded hole communicated with the second through hole is formed in the light blocking ring long supporting rod;
the light barrier ring adjusting rod is in clearance fit with the second through hole, and the light barrier ring adjusting rod is fixed in the second through hole through the light barrier ring locking bolt penetrating through the second threaded hole.
Further, the cosine converter is an integrating sphere;
the central axis of the opening passes through the center of the integrating sphere.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a shell with an opening at one end, wherein the opening of the shell is arranged on the leveling platform, and the cosine converter, the micro-light detector and the spectrometer are positioned in the shell.
Furthermore, the leveling platform comprises a base plate, a compass arranged on the base plate, a leveling knob and a level meter;
the opening surface of the cosine converter is leveled with the ground by adjusting the leveling knob.
Furthermore, a parasitic light diaphragm is arranged in the integrating sphere and close to the light outlet; ensure that light cannot directly irradiate the light outlet from the opening.
The integrating sphere diameter is greater than 3 times the opening diameter;
the light blocking ring is a semicircular ring or a strip of 1/4 circular rings, and the diameter of the light blocking ring is more than 10 times of the diameter of the opening.
Further, the spectrometer is a fiber optic spectrometer; the micro light detector is a CCD detector or a COMS detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the measuring device is provided with the low-light detector and the spectrometer, so that the total solar irradiance and the spectral irradiance can be measured simultaneously; meanwhile, the shading assembly is assembled, and the light blocking ring is adjusted to be positioned right above the opening, so that the measurement of sky scattered irradiance is realized; the light barrier is arranged on the light barrier support, the mode that the handheld light barrier shields light is omitted, and the structure is simple, convenient to adjust and convenient to detach.
2. The long supporting rod of the light blocking ring is in clearance fit with the first through hole, so that the light blocking ring can rotate relative to the light blocking ring bracket; the light blocking ring adjusting rod is in clearance fit with the second through hole, so that the distance between the light blocking ring and the light blocking ring support can be adjusted, and the application range is wider; meanwhile, the adjustment mode is simple and convenient, and can be realized only by adjusting the light blocking ring locking bolt.
3. The shell is arranged in the measuring device, so that the sealing performance is ensured, and the measuring accuracy is improved.
4. The shading component and the measuring main body of the measuring device are mutually independent and can be selected according to actual measurement requirements.
5. The measuring device has wide measuring range and can realize the measurement of all-weather irradiance. Compared with the traditional irradiance measuring device, under the condition of low illumination, due to light splitting, the illumination of each wave band is difficult to reach the response lower limit of the device, so the traditional device cannot work before sunrise and after sunrise, but the low-light detector part of the measuring device can still continuously test the integral irradiance under the condition of low illumination. Meanwhile, under the condition of high illumination, the glimmer detector part and the spectrometer part can realize the function of mutual calibration.
6. The stray light diaphragm is arranged in the integrating sphere and close to the light outlet, so that light cannot be directly irradiated to the light outlet from the opening.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for measuring total solar irradiance and scattered sky irradiance of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the solar total irradiance and sky scattered irradiance measuring device of the present invention with the housing removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the solar total irradiance and sky scattered irradiance measuring apparatus of the present invention without a shading assembly (the housing is transparent);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a shading assembly in the solar total irradiance and sky scattered irradiance measuring apparatus of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the drawings are explained as follows:
1-a shading component, 2-a leveling platform, 3-a cosine converter, 31-an opening, 4-a low-light detector, 5-a spectrometer, 6-a transparent protective cover, 7-a shell, 8-a light barrier ring bracket, 9-a light barrier ring base, 10-a light barrier ring upright rod, 11-a light barrier ring long supporting rod, 12-a light barrier ring adjusting rod, 13-a light barrier ring locking bolt, 14-a light barrier ring, 15-a base plate, 16-a compass, 17-a leveling knob and 18-a level meter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a device for measuring total solar irradiance and sky scattered irradiance includes a shading assembly 1, a leveling platform 2, a cosine converter 3 disposed on the leveling platform 2, a micro-light detector 4, and a spectrometer 5; a circular opening 31 is formed in the center of the top of the cosine converter 3, and two light outlets are formed in the side of the cosine converter 3; the top of the cosine converter 3 is provided with a transparent protective cover 6, and the transparent protective cover 6 is used for ensuring uniform light transmission in all directions and protecting the opening 31 from being polluted; a light splitting element is arranged in the cosine converter 3, and after entering the integrating sphere, solar radiation light incident through the opening 31 is converted into diffuse reflection light with consistent emergent directions after being subjected to uniform treatment of multiple reflections on the inner wall of the integrating sphere; the diffuse reflection light is divided into two paths by the light splitting element, and the two paths of light respectively emit uniform light from the two light outlets to the micro light detector 4 and the spectrometer 5; the solar total irradiance and the spectral irradiance can be tested simultaneously, and the CCD camera and the spectrometer 5 can be calibrated mutually according to the spectral response curve of the CCD camera under the condition of high illumination.
The shading assembly 1 comprises a light blocking ring support 8 and a light blocking ring 14 arranged on the light blocking ring support 8, wherein the light blocking ring 14 can move relative to the light blocking ring support 8; the light blocking ring bracket 8 is positioned at one side of the leveling platform 2, the light blocking ring 14 is a circular arc-shaped strip, and the width of the strip is slightly larger than the diameter of the opening 31; the light barrier ring bracket 8 comprises a light barrier ring base 9, a light barrier ring upright rod 10, a light barrier ring long strut 11 and 2 light barrier ring adjusting rods 12; the light barrier ring vertical rod 10 is arranged on the light barrier ring base 9, and a first through hole is formed in the upper portion of the light barrier ring vertical rod 10; the light blocking ring long supporting rod 11 is arranged in the first through hole in a penetrating mode, and second through holes are formed in the two ends of the light blocking ring long supporting rod along the radial direction; the 2 light barrier ring adjusting rods 12 are respectively connected with two ends of the light barrier ring 14 after passing through the second through holes at two ends of the light barrier ring long supporting rod 11; a first threaded hole communicated with the first through hole is formed in the upper portion of the light barrier ring vertical rod 10, the light barrier ring long supporting rod 11 is in clearance fit with the first through hole, the light barrier ring long supporting rod 11 is fixed in the first through hole through a light barrier ring locking bolt 13 penetrating through the first threaded hole, and a second threaded hole communicated with the second through hole is formed in the light barrier ring long supporting rod 11; the light barrier ring adjusting rod 12 is in clearance fit with the second through hole, the light barrier ring adjusting rod 12 is fixed in the second through hole through the light barrier ring locking bolt 13 penetrating through the second threaded hole, the number of the first threaded holes is 2, and one of the first threaded holes is located on the upper end face of the light barrier ring vertical rod 10; the second threaded hole is located on the end face of the light blocking ring long strut 11.
The shading assembly 1 can achieve measurement of sky scattered irradiance by shading sunlight that shines directly into the integrating sphere opening 31 (entrance). By adjusting the rotation of the light-blocking ring long support rod 11 in the first through hole and the movement of the light-blocking ring adjusting rod 12 and the second through hole, the light-blocking ring can realize two-dimensional adjustment of pitching and forward and backward translation, and when the light-blocking measurement is realized, the plane inclination angle and the translation amount of the light-blocking ring are determined according to local GPS information (longitude and latitude and date); or, a power unit is arranged in the shading assembly 1, and the power unit drives the light blocking ring long support rod 11 to rotate in the first through hole according to the calculated movement amount so as to adjust the position of the shading ring.
When measuring the illumination of the sky background radiation, the light-blocking ring 14 is located right above the opening 31 for blocking single targets such as the sun and the moon, and ensuring that the light of the single target cannot directly irradiate into the cosine receiver. The measuring device is mainly used in the field of quantitative radiometric calibration, can measure solar total irradiance and sky background irradiance, has the functions of wavelength separation, and obtains spectral irradiance through the spectrometer 5 while obtaining integral radiance.
The measuring device further comprises a shell 7 with an opening at one end, the opening of the shell 7 is installed on the leveling platform 2, and the cosine converter 3, the micro-light detector 4 and the spectrometer 5 are located in the shell 7. The cosine converter 3 is optimized to be an integrating sphere with the inner surface coated with diffuse reflection material, the diameter of the integrating sphere is optimized to be 3 times larger than that of the opening 31, and the opening surface and the ground are horizontal, and the central axis of the opening 31 penetrates through the center of the integrating sphere. A veiling glare diaphragm is arranged in the integrating sphere and close to the light outlet; ensuring that light cannot directly irradiate the light outlet from the opening 31; the integrating sphere diameter is greater than 3 times the diameter of the opening 31; the light barrier ring 14 is a semicircular ring or a strip of 1/4 circular rings, and the diameter of the light barrier ring 14 is 10 times larger than the diameter of the opening 31. The larger the diameter of the shielding ring is, the smaller the influence of sunlight on the sky background radiation measurement result is.
The leveling platform 2 comprises a base plate 15, a compass 16 arranged on the base plate 15, a leveling knob 17 and a level meter 18; the base plate 15 is arranged in an open and flat outdoor zone, the periphery is ensured to be free of shielding, the opening surface of the cosine converter 3 is ensured to be horizontal to the ground through the adjustment of the leveling knob 17, and the distance between the two end parts of the light blocking ring 14 is larger than the width of the base plate.
The spectrometer 5 is a fiber optic spectrometer; the micro-light detector 4 is a CCD detector or a COMS detector; the shape of the protective ball cover is optimized to be hemispherical, the material is optimized to be glass or other uniform transparent materials, and the center of the protective ball cover is optimized to be coincident with the center of the cosine receiver inlet.
The measuring device can simultaneously obtain the integral solar irradiance and the spectral irradiance; the shading component 1 and the measuring main body are mutually independent, and the shading component 1 can be conveniently assembled and disassembled according to actual measurement requirements; the illumination measurement range is wide, and all-weather irradiance measurement can be realized. Compared with the traditional spectral irradiance measuring device, under the condition of low illumination, due to light splitting, the illumination of each wave band is difficult to reach the response lower limit of the device, so that the traditional device cannot work before sunrise and after sunrise. But the dim detector portion of the dim detector 4 module of the device can still continue to test the integrated irradiance under low light conditions. Meanwhile, under the condition of high illumination, the glimmer detector part and the spectrometer 5 part can realize the function of mutual calibration.
The measuring device of the invention performs the working process:
1) the irradiance measuring device is arranged in an open and flat outdoor zone, so that the periphery is ensured to be free of shielding;
2) adjusting the measuring device to ensure that the opening surface of the cosine receiver is horizontal to the ground;
3) the shading ring is lifted and can be manually adjusted, so that the circular inlet of the cosine transformer is completely shielded by the shadow of the shading ring, and the total irradiance and the spectral irradiance of sky scattering can be measured at the moment. The shading ring is also additionally provided with a rotating mechanism driven by a stepping motor, an encoder and the like, and the automatic shading function can be realized according to the local longitude and latitude, the altitude and the current position of the shading ring (feedback of the stepping motor);
4) after the shading ring falls down, the total solar irradiance and the spectral irradiance can be measured.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911377314.2A CN111024227B (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | Solar total irradiance and sky scattering irradiance measuring device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911377314.2A CN111024227B (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | Solar total irradiance and sky scattering irradiance measuring device |
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| CN111024227A true CN111024227A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
| CN111024227B CN111024227B (en) | 2024-08-02 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120232516A (en) * | 2025-05-30 | 2025-07-01 | 锦州辉阳智联科技有限公司 | Integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument |
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| US20130032705A1 (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | Peter Ross Armstrong | Radiometers for measuring circumsolar profiles |
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| CN211602162U (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Solar total irradiance and sky scattered irradiance measuring device |
-
2019
- 2019-12-27 CN CN201911377314.2A patent/CN111024227B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
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| CN201434725Y (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2010-03-31 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A Simple Solar Scattering Pyrometer |
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| CN120232516A (en) * | 2025-05-30 | 2025-07-01 | 锦州辉阳智联科技有限公司 | Integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument |
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| CN111024227B (en) | 2024-08-02 |
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