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CN111002842A - Method for matching different batteries, control method applied to vehicle and battery pack - Google Patents

Method for matching different batteries, control method applied to vehicle and battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111002842A
CN111002842A CN201911292236.6A CN201911292236A CN111002842A CN 111002842 A CN111002842 A CN 111002842A CN 201911292236 A CN201911292236 A CN 201911292236A CN 111002842 A CN111002842 A CN 111002842A
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China
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type battery
battery
vehicle
type
power
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Pending
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CN201911292236.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈建兵
许峻峰
丁樱
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China Railway Transit Equipment Co Ltd
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China Railway Transit Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911292236.6A priority Critical patent/CN111002842A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66Arrangements of batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for matching different batteries, which is realized by using a first type battery during low-rate charge and discharge; when charging at high multiplying power, charging by using a second type battery, and charging at low multiplying power from the second type battery to the first type battery; during high rate discharge, the first type of battery is discharged at a low rate, and the second type of battery is discharged at a high rate. The control method comprises the steps that S1, the first type battery and the second type battery are started simultaneously to supply power; s2, judging whether the running speed is larger than a speed threshold value, if so, entering a step S3, and if not, continuing the current state; s3, independently supplying power to the first type battery, and charging the first type battery by the second type battery; s4, charging a second type battery; s5, judging whether the running speed is larger than a speed threshold value, if so, supplying power to the first type battery, and if not, supplying power at the same time; and S6, stopping the vehicle and supplying power. The service life of the battery is prolonged, the cost is reduced, and the safety performance is improved through the matching of the battery and the battery.

Description

Method for matching different batteries, control method applied to vehicle and battery pack
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery use control, in particular to a method for matching different batteries, a control method applied to a vehicle and a battery pack.
Background
With the progress of science and technology, the battery is used as an energy source, so that the current which has stable voltage and stable current, is stably supplied for a long time and is slightly influenced by the outside can be obtained, the battery is simple in structure, convenient to carry, simple and easy to operate, convenient and easy to carry, free from the influence of the outside climate and temperature, stable and reliable in performance, and plays a great role in various aspects of modern social life.
At present, the application field of the battery is wider, the battery has different characteristics according to different compositions, such as charging and discharging characteristics, some batteries can be charged and discharged at high multiplying power, and some batteries can be charged and discharged only at low multiplying power, so that when the battery is used, the selection is needed according to specific working conditions, and the cost difference between the two is larger, so the cost of using the battery is increased.
At present, a lithium battery with higher energy density and good environmental protection is gradually adopted as a power supply for a tramcar, hundreds or even thousands of single batteries are divided into a plurality of battery units by the lithium battery, a high-voltage and high-current battery pack is formed after series connection and parallel connection, the electric quantity generated by power battery recovery braking is used for better energy saving, when the electric quantity is generated by recovery braking, the high-rate charging can be generated, the charging voltage is unstable, the service life of the battery is influenced, and the potential safety hazard of the battery is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for matching different batteries, a control method applied to a vehicle and a battery pack, so that the two batteries of different types can be mixed, the advantages of the two batteries of different types can be integrated for use, the service life of the battery can be prolonged, and the safety performance can be improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for matching different batteries comprises at least two groups of batteries with different types, namely a first type battery and a second type battery, wherein the first type battery is used for charging and discharging at low multiplying power; when high-rate charging is carried out, a second type battery is used for carrying out high-rate charging, and the second type battery is converted into a constant voltage power supply to carry out low-rate charging on the first type battery; when high-rate discharge is carried out, the first type battery carries out low-rate discharge, the second type battery carries out high-rate discharge, and the first type battery and the second type battery are combined to realize high-rate discharge.
A control method based on cooperation of different batteries for a vehicle, wherein a first type battery and a second type battery are a battery pack and are controlled by the same BMS control unit, the control method comprises the following steps,
s1, starting the vehicle, wherein the BMS control unit controls the first type battery and the second type battery to be started simultaneously for discharging, and supplies power for the vehicle;
s2, detecting the running speed of the vehicle by the central control system of the vehicle, judging the running speed of the vehicle and a preset speed threshold, judging whether the running speed is greater than the speed threshold, if so, entering the step S3, and if not, continuing the current state;
s3, cutting off the second type battery to make it no longer continue to supply power to the vehicle power, but the first type battery supplies power alone, at the same time, the second type battery is converted into a constant voltage power supply to charge the first type battery with low multiplying power;
s4, when the BMS control unit receives the braking signal, the BMS control unit controls the second type battery to charge the electric quantity generated when receiving the braking signal at a high rate;
s5, judging whether the running speed of the vehicle is greater than a speed threshold value after braking, if so, continuing to adopt the first type battery to supply power independently, and if not, supplying power to the first type battery and the second type battery simultaneously;
and S6, when the vehicle is turned off, the first type battery is disconnected from the second type battery, and power is not supplied.
More specifically, in step S3, an electric quantity threshold of the second-type battery is preset, and in the process of discharging the second-type battery to the first-type battery, it is determined whether the electric quantity in the second-type battery is smaller than the electric quantity threshold, if so, the second-type battery is disconnected and no longer discharges, and if not, the discharging state is continued.
More specifically, the electric quantity threshold is 20% of the total electric quantity.
More specifically, the speed threshold is 45 km/h.
More specifically, in step S3, the second type battery provides a stable constant voltage power through the DC/DC conversion module.
More specifically, the first type battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery, and the second type battery is a lithium titanate battery.
Further specifically, the control method is applied to a tram, a car, or a train.
The battery pack comprises a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium titanate battery and a BMS control unit for control, wherein the lithium titanate battery and the lithium iron phosphate battery are connected to a power device of a vehicle, and the BMS control unit receives a braking signal of the vehicle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the matching mode, the advantages of the first type battery and the second type battery are integrated for use, the first type battery is suitable for low-rate charge and discharge, the second type battery is suitable for high-rate charge and discharge, and due to the fact that the price difference is large, the service life of the battery can be prolonged through the matching use of the first type battery and the second type battery, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile the safety performance of the battery is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of using the different batteries of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control of the present invention based on the cooperation of different batteries applied to a vehicle;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the battery pack according to the present invention.
In the figure:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for matching different batteries includes at least two different types of batteries, where the two different types of batteries are a first type battery and a second type battery, the first type battery is suitable for low-rate charge and discharge and has a low price, and the second type battery is suitable for high-rate charge and discharge and has a high price; when the low-rate charge and discharge is carried out, the first type battery is used for realizing; when high-rate charging is carried out, a second type battery is used for carrying out high-rate charging, and the second type battery is converted into a constant voltage power supply to carry out low-rate charging on the first type battery; when high-rate discharge is carried out, the first type battery carries out low-rate discharge, the second type battery carries out high-rate discharge, and the first type battery and the second type battery are combined to realize high-rate discharge; in the using process, a third type battery, a fourth type battery and more types of batteries can be added according to the requirements, and the other types of batteries added are required to be used according to the characteristics of the type of batteries.
Based on the cooperation between the first type battery and the second type battery, the battery is applied to various electric vehicles, such as electric automobiles, trams, high-speed trains and the like.
The control method for the vehicle by matching the different batteries comprises the steps that the first type battery and the second type battery are a battery pack and are controlled by the same BMS control unit, the first type battery is selected from a lithium iron phosphate battery, the second type battery is selected from a lithium titanate battery,
and S1, starting the vehicle, controlling the first type battery and the second type battery to be started simultaneously by the BMS control unit to discharge, supplying power for the vehicle power, and realizing the large electric quantity required by the vehicle when the vehicle is started by the combination of the first type battery and the second type battery, wherein the first type battery is discharged at a low rate and the second type battery is discharged at a high rate in a high-rate discharge process.
S2, detecting the running speed of the vehicle by a central control system of the vehicle, judging and processing the running speed and a speed threshold value preset in the central control system, wherein the speed threshold value is 45km/h, judging whether the running speed is greater than the speed threshold value, if so, indicating that the speed of the vehicle can be slowly increased or not, and entering the step S3; if not, the vehicle speed needs to be increased continuously, so that the high-rate discharge needs to be carried out continuously in the current state.
S3, at the moment, the battery pack can discharge at low rate, and the second type battery is cut off, so that the second type battery does not continue to supply power to the vehicle power and is independently supplied with power by the first type battery; meanwhile, the second type battery provides a stable constant voltage power supply for charging the first type battery at a low rate through the DC/DC conversion module, namely the second type battery discharges to charge the first type battery, in order to prevent the second type battery from over-discharging, a second type electric quantity threshold value is preset, the electric quantity threshold value is 20% of the total electric quantity, in the process that the second type battery discharges to the first type battery, whether the electric quantity in the second type battery is smaller than the electric quantity threshold value is judged, if yes, the electric quantity of the second type battery is lower, the discharging is not suitable to continue, at the moment, the second type battery is disconnected, and if not, the electric quantity of the second type battery is sufficient, the discharging state can be continuously kept.
S4, braking is started when the vehicle decelerates, when the BMS control unit receives a braking signal, the BMS control unit controls the second type battery to receive electric quantity generated during braking to perform high-rate charging, a large amount of unstable electric energy can be generated in the braking process, and the lithium titanate battery can be charged and discharged at high rate due to the self characteristics of the second type battery, the highest charging and discharging rate can reach 50C, and the battery can be safer and more reliable when the battery is used for recovering electric quantity.
And S5, judging whether the running speed of the vehicle is greater than a speed threshold value after braking, if so, indicating that the vehicle is still in high-speed running, performing low-rate discharge to meet the requirement of running of the vehicle, and if not, indicating that the vehicle is reduced to low-speed running, wherein the vehicle needs to be accelerated continuously and needs to perform high-rate discharge, and the first-type battery and the second-type battery are used for supplying power simultaneously.
And S6, when the vehicle is turned off, the first type battery is disconnected from the second type battery, and power is not supplied.
The battery pack comprises at least one group of lithium iron phosphate batteries, at least one group of lithium titanate batteries and a BMS control unit for controlling the lithium iron phosphate batteries and the lithium titanate batteries, wherein the lithium titanate batteries and the lithium iron phosphate batteries are connected to a power device of the vehicle and supply power to the power device, and the BMS control unit receives a braking signal of the vehicle and then controls charging and discharging of the lithium iron phosphate batteries and the lithium iron phosphate batteries.
The battery pack and the control method are applied to a tramcar, the power battery in the tramcar adopts a lithium titanate battery, the lithium titanate battery can perform high-rate charge and discharge functions to be used as transition and assistance of the lithium titanate battery, the lithium titanate battery is a group of 750V and 360Ah modules, and the lithium titanate battery is a group of 750V and 60Ah modules.
If the lithium iron phosphate batteries are all adopted, the lithium iron phosphate batteries with higher capacity are probably required to be matched during braking recovery, so that configuration redundancy and cost waste are caused, and if the capacity is matched according to a normal tramcar, the braking electric quantity cannot be completely recovered, so that energy is wasted, high-rate charging is easily caused, potential safety hazards are caused, and the service life of the batteries is influenced; if all lithium titanate batteries are adopted, the price of the lithium titanate batteries is high and is about 10 times of that of the lithium iron phosphate batteries, the energy density is low, and the weight of the power battery module is increased by about 1 time; the current is a changing process in the braking process, and the current is unstable to charge, so that the damage to the power battery is large.
The following table shows a comparison of lithium titanate cells to lithium iron phosphate cells:
Figure BDA0002319493880000051
the tramcar replaces a lithium titanate battery with a lithium iron phosphate battery, the lithium iron phosphate battery is high in energy density (the energy density is 4-5 times of that of a lithium titanate battery, the lithium iron phosphate battery can have higher capacity and light weight and small floor area in the same volume, the price of the lithium iron phosphate battery is more economic, the price of a battery cell is about 1/10 of that of the lithium titanate battery, a small amount of lithium titanate battery is used for recovering current generated by braking, the service life of the lithium titanate battery is longer as transition, the using amount of the lithium titanate battery is small, and the replacement cost after damage is lower.
In conclusion, a certain amount of electricity is generated during vehicle braking, the lithium titanate battery recovers the electricity generated during braking and is matched with the lithium iron phosphate battery to drive the lithium titanate battery to be used at a constant speed, the lithium titanate battery charges the lithium iron phosphate battery in a constant voltage mode through the DC/DC conversion module, low-rate charging and discharging of the lithium iron phosphate battery are achieved, the energy density of the lithium iron phosphate battery is higher, the service life of the battery is prolonged, cost is saved, the weight of the battery is reduced, the lithium titanate battery is mainly used for recovering braking energy and starting a tramcar, and therefore the lithium titanate battery has enough capacity space and guarantees that all electric energy generated during braking is recovered, and therefore the functions of electric power recovery and energy saving are achieved.
It is to be emphasized that: the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for matching different batteries is characterized in that the method comprises at least two groups of batteries with different types, namely a first type battery and a second type battery, and is realized by using the first type battery when charging and discharging with low multiplying power; when high-rate charging is carried out, a second type battery is used for carrying out high-rate charging, and the second type battery is converted into a constant voltage power supply to carry out low-rate charging on the first type battery; when high-rate discharge is carried out, the first type battery carries out low-rate discharge, the second type battery carries out high-rate discharge, and the first type battery and the second type battery are combined to realize high-rate discharge.
2. A control method for a vehicle based on the cooperation of different batteries according to claim 1, wherein the first type battery and the second type battery are a battery pack and are controlled by the same BMS control unit, and the control method comprises the steps of,
s1, starting the vehicle, wherein the BMS control unit controls the first type battery and the second type battery to be started simultaneously for discharging, and supplies power for the vehicle;
s2, detecting the running speed of the vehicle by the central control system of the vehicle, judging the running speed of the vehicle and a preset speed threshold, judging whether the running speed is greater than the speed threshold, if so, entering the step S3, and if not, continuing the current state;
s3, cutting off the second type battery to make it no longer continue to supply power to the vehicle power, but the first type battery supplies power alone, at the same time, the second type battery is converted into a constant voltage power supply to charge the first type battery with low multiplying power;
s4, when the BMS control unit receives the braking signal, the BMS control unit controls the second type battery to charge the electric quantity generated when receiving the braking signal at a high rate;
s5, judging whether the running speed of the vehicle is greater than a speed threshold value after braking, if so, continuing to adopt the first type battery to supply power independently, and if not, supplying power to the first type battery and the second type battery simultaneously;
and S6, when the vehicle is turned off, the first type battery is disconnected from the second type battery, and power is not supplied.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S3, a threshold of the electric quantity of the second type battery is preset, and during the discharging process of the second type battery to the first type battery, it is determined whether the electric quantity in the second type battery is smaller than the threshold of the electric quantity, if so, the second type battery is disconnected and no longer discharges, otherwise, the discharging state is continued.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the threshold charge level is 20% of the total charge level.
5. The control method for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the speed threshold is 45 km/h.
6. The control method according to claim 2, wherein the second type battery provides a stable constant voltage power through the DC/DC conversion module in step S3.
7. The control method for the cooperation of different batteries applied to the vehicle according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the first type battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery, and the second type battery is a lithium titanate battery.
8. The control method of the vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the control method is applied to a tram, a car or a train.
9. The battery pack is characterized by comprising a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium titanate battery and a BMS control unit for control, wherein the lithium titanate battery and the lithium iron phosphate battery are connected to a power device of a vehicle, and the BMS control unit receives a braking signal of the vehicle.
CN201911292236.6A 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 Method for matching different batteries, control method applied to vehicle and battery pack Pending CN111002842A (en)

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US12061240B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2024-08-13 Analog Devices International Unlimited Company Battery fleet monitoring systems
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Application publication date: 20200414