CN110992803A - Oil-immersed transformer fire model and fire simulation method - Google Patents
Oil-immersed transformer fire model and fire simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fire disaster model of an oil immersed transformer and a fire disaster simulation method, and relates to the field of fire fighting of oil immersed transformers; the oil immersed transformer fire disaster model comprises a transformer body model, an oil collecting pit model, a fire spraying model, a flowing fire model and a high-voltage bushing explosion fire cracking model which are built around the transformer body model, and the real situation of the oil immersed transformer during the fire disaster is fully reflected through accurately simulating various fire situations which are possibly generated by strictly simulating the entity of the transformer during the fire disaster; and moreover, the fire simulation is carried out through the oil-immersed transformer fire model, and powerful guarantee is provided for verifying the effectiveness of various fire extinguishing systems in extinguishing the oil-immersed transformer fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil-immersed transformer fire protection, in particular to a fire disaster model and a fire disaster simulation method for an oil-immersed transformer.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, the scale of the power grid is rapidly enlarged, and the operational reliability of the power transformation equipment faces more severe examination. The oil-immersed power transformer is the core of a transformer substation, and once a fire disaster occurs, the power grid of the whole area is paralyzed, the reliability and the safety of power supply are seriously damaged, and the social influence and the damage are extremely large.
In the prior art, a fire model which can reflect the physical fire of the oil-immersed transformer needs to be built in the fire extinguishing test for verifying whether the fire extinguishing system installed on the oil-immersed power transformer is effective to the fire of the oil-immersed transformer. The fire models adopted at present have the following two types: the first transformer model has a length of 7m, a width of 4m and a height of 4m, and 6 inclined sides with 30-degree openings at the top and a diameter of 6
The holes simulate a fire hazard after the high-voltage sleeve is exploded; the oil pan of the simulated oil collection pit consists of 4 oil pans, including 2 oil pans with the size of 7m multiplied by 0.5m and 2 oil pans with the size of 5m multiplied by 0.5m, wherein 25# transformer oil is respectively injected into the oil pans, the thickness of the oil layer is 70mm, the oil pan is ignited by adopting gasoline, pre-burned for 3min, and the fire disaster of the oil collection pit is simulated; the second transformer model adopts an actual transformer, oil discs with various sizes are placed at the bottom and the upper part of the actual transformer, the sizes of the oil discs are determined by a tester, a fire disaster at an oil collecting pit and a high-voltage bushing is simulated respectively, the oil discs and an oil conveying pipe which flow fire are placed on a transformer body, the oil flow of the flowing fire is 6L/min, the thickness of an injected oil layer of the oil discs is 3mm, the oil for test is 25# transformer oil, and the ignition and pre-combustion are carried out for 1min by adopting gasoline.
The two fire models have obvious problems and defects in specific use, firstly, the first fire model cannot reflect the fire of jet fire and flowing fire generated by the oil-immersed transformer in the fire, and the fire equivalent in the fire is not given; the second fire model cannot reflect jet fire generated by an oil immersed transformer during fire, and fire generated by explosion of a high-voltage bushing, cannot fully reflect hole fire after explosion of the high-voltage bushing, has short pre-burning time, cannot reflect the burning degree during actual fire due to the fact that the thickness of an injected oil layer cannot reflect the burning oil quantity during fire, and has large randomness due to the fact that specifications of various oil discs are not specified. The two existing fire models cannot fully reflect the real situation of the oil-immersed transformer when a fire occurs, so that the validity of the fire extinguishing system cannot be well verified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fire model and a fire simulation method for an oil-immersed transformer, which can truly, effectively and fully simulate the real working condition of the oil-immersed transformer when a fire breaks out and provide guarantee for verifying that various fire extinguishing systems extinguish the fire of the oil-immersed transformer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an oil-immersed transformer fire model comprises a transformer body model, a fire simulation test module and a fire simulation test module, wherein the transformer body model is used for performing opening and overflow fire simulation tests after a high-voltage bushing is broken; the transformer body model is a cuboid, and an overflow oil pan with an upward opening is arranged on the upper surface of the cuboid; the top of the cuboid is provided with a hollow prismatic table matched with the upper surface of the cuboid, the bottom of the hollow prismatic table is provided with an opening, and the section of the hollow prismatic table along the length direction of the upper surface of the cuboid is an isosceles trapezoid hollow prismatic table; the length of the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid cross section of the hollow prismatic table is smaller than that of the lower bottom edge, and a plurality of circular openings are formed in two inclined planes where two waists of the isosceles trapezoid cross section are located;
the oil collecting pit model is used for carrying out an oil collecting pit fire simulation test; the oil collecting pit model comprises 4 oil collecting pit oil discs, wherein the 4 oil collecting pit oil discs respectively correspond to 4 bottom edges of the lower surface of the cuboid, are all provided with square cavities with open tops and are surrounded along the periphery of the outer wall of the bottom of the cuboid;
the fire injection model is used for carrying out a fire injection simulation test for the rupture of the conservator or the oil pipe; the injection port of the fire injection model is positioned above the hollow prismatic table and used for spraying atomized transformer oil above the transformer body model;
the fire dripping model is used for carrying out a conservator breaking and dripping fire simulation test; the fire trickling model comprises a fire trickling oil disc, the fire trickling oil disc is positioned on one side of the length direction of the upper surface of the hollow prismatic table and is provided with a square cavity with an opening at the top, and two side edges of the square cavity along the length direction of the upper surface of the hollow prismatic table are provided with trickling grooves sunken to the bottom of the square cavity in advance;
the high-voltage bushing explosion fire model is used for carrying out a high-voltage bushing explosion fire simulation test; the high-voltage bushing explosive fire model comprises an oil tank with a rupture disc arranged at the bottom, and the oil tank is located above the flowing fire oil disc and used for storing transformer oil.
According to the improved technical scheme, the size of a cuboid of the transformer body model is 7m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 4.5m, the size of the overflow oil pan is 7m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 0.5m, and the oil storage amount in the overflow oil pan at least enables the overflow oil pan to have a margin after the opening and the overflow fire simulation test are finished after the high-voltage bushing is broken; the included angles between the inclined planes at the two sides of the hollow prismatic table and the horizontal plane are both 30 degrees, and the diameter of the circular opening on the two inclined planes of the hollow prismatic table is 0.8 m; when the overflow oil pan is subjected to a simulation test of opening and overflow fire after the high-pressure sleeve is broken, the burning area of the overflow oil pan is 28m2。
As the improved technical scheme of the application, the oil pan of the oil collecting pit comprises 2 oil pans with the size of 7m multiplied by 0.5m, and 2 oil pans with the size of 5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the oil storage amount in any oil pan of the oil collecting pit at least enables the oil pan of the oil collecting pit to have a residual after the fire simulation test of the oil collecting pit is completed; when the oil collecting tray is subjected to an oil collecting tray fire simulation test, the total combustion area of the oil collecting tray is 12m2。
The improved technical scheme of the application is that the injection fire model comprises an injection fire oil supply device communicated with an injection port and a first flowmeter arranged on an oil supply pipeline of the injection fire oil supply device to the injection port; when the injection port is subjected to a conservator or oil pipe rupture injection fire simulation test, the oil injection flow of the injection port is 0.15kg/s-0.17 kg/s.
As an improved technical scheme of the application, the flowing fire model further comprises a flowing fire oil supply device communicated with the flowing fire oil disc and a second flowmeter arranged on an oil supply pipeline of the flowing fire oil supply device to the flowing fire oil disc; the size of the trickling oil pan is 1m multiplied by 0.8m multiplied by 0.1m, the trickling groove is a rectangular groove, and the size of the trickling groove is 0.2m multiplied by 0.05 m; when the sagging oil pan is used for performing a sagging fire simulation test, the oil supply flow of the sagging fire is 0.20kg/s-0.30 kg/s.
As the improved technical scheme of the application, the oil storage capacity of the oil tank is 100kg, when the oil tank is subjected to a high-voltage bushing explosion fire simulation test, the oil tank is opened by starting the rupture disk, and the oil spraying flow is 10 kg/s.
As an improved technical scheme of the oil pan, the thickness of the oil layer in the overflow oil pan and any oil collecting sump oil pan is 70 mm.
As an improved technical scheme, the oil-immersed transformer fire model adopts heptane or gasoline as a ignition raw material and precombustes for 3 min.
In addition, another purpose of the present invention is to disclose a fire simulation method for an oil-immersed transformer, comprising the following steps:
constructing a fire model of the oil-immersed transformer;
injecting transformer oil with set oil quantity into each oil pan of the oil-immersed transformer fire model;
the method comprises the following steps of arranging a data acquisition instrument, connecting a first flowmeter and a second flowmeter, and monitoring and acquiring the oil injection flow of a jet orifice and the oil supply flow of flowing fire;
setting a monitoring area, wherein the monitoring area comprises a camera device and a timing device, the camera device is used for acquiring image information of the fire simulation test process of the oil-immersed transformer fire model, and the timing device is used for timing the fire simulation test process of the oil-immersed transformer fire model;
igniting the oil-immersed transformer fire model, setting the pre-burning time for 3min, and sequentially carrying out the following steps of: and in the pre-combustion time limit, a flowing fire oil supply device of a flowing fire model is opened at 2min30s, a spraying fire oil supply device of a spraying fire model is opened at 2min45s, and a rupture disk at the bottom of the oil tank is opened.
According to the technical scheme, the oil-immersed transformer fire model and the fire simulation method provided by the technical scheme of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the oil-immersed transformer fire model disclosed by the invention can fully reflect the real working condition of an oil-immersed transformer when the oil-immersed transformer fires, provides powerful guarantee for verifying the effectiveness of various fire extinguishing systems in extinguishing the oil-immersed transformer fire, and solves the technical problem that the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing system cannot be well verified due to the fact that the oil-immersed transformer model constructed in the prior art cannot fully reflect the real condition of the oil-immersed transformer when the oil-immersed transformer fires. The effectiveness of different fire extinguishing systems in fire extinguishing of the oil immersed transformer is efficiently verified through a fire simulation method of the oil immersed transformer fire model, and the verification result is favorable for guiding the specific application of the fire extinguishing systems in the oil immersed transformer entity. The oil-immersed transformer fire model and the fire simulation method disclosed by the invention provide technical support for researching fire-fighting products and standard specifications of the oil-immersed transformer of the transformer substation, and also provide technical support for fire-fighting safety of the power industry in China.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fire model of an oil-immersed transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a fire model of an oil-immersed transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a fire model of an oil immersed transformer according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a left side view of the oil-immersed transformer fire model of the invention.
In the figure, the specific meaning of each mark is:
1-transformer body model, 1.1-cuboid, 1.2-hollow prismatic table, 1.3-round opening, 2-oil collecting pit model, 2.1-oil collecting pit tray, 3-fire spraying model, 3.1-jet orifice, 4-fire flowing model, 4.1-oil flowing tray, 4.2-flow groove, 5-high pressure casing pipe explosive fire model, 5.1-oil tank and 5.2-rupture disk.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not intended to include all aspects of the present invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
The fire model based on the oil immersed transformer disclosed or adopted in the prior art can not reflect the combustion degree of the oil immersed transformer during actual fire, and has no clear specification for the specifications of various oil discs in the fire model, the randomness is large, the real situation of the oil immersed transformer during fire can not be fully reflected, and the validity of the fire extinguishing system can not be accurately verified.
The oil-immersed transformer fire model and the fire simulation method of the invention are further specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fire model of oil-immersed transformer comprises
The transformer body model 1 is used for carrying out an opening and overflow fire simulation test after the high-voltage bushing is broken; defining the surface of the transformer body model 1, which is arranged on the ground, as a horizontal plane, the direction parallel to the horizontal plane is the horizontal direction, and the direction vertical to the horizontal direction is the height direction; transformer body model 1 sets up to cuboid 1.1, cuboid 1.1 upper surface sets upThe overflow oil pan is provided with an upward opening and is used for simulating transformer oil overflowing after the high-voltage bushing is broken; the top of the cuboid 1.1 is provided with a hollow prismatic table 1.2 which is adapted to the upper surface of the cuboid, the bottom of the hollow prismatic table 1.2 is open, and the section of the hollow prismatic table 1.2 along the length direction of the upper surface of the cuboid 1.1 is isosceles trapezoid; the length of the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid cross section of the hollow prismatic table 1.2 is smaller than that of the lower bottom edge, and a plurality of circular openings 1.3 are arranged on two inclined planes where two waists of the isosceles trapezoid cross section are located; in the embodiment, the size of a cuboid 1.1 of a transformer body model 1 is 7m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 4.5m, the size of an overflow oil pan is 7m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 0.5m, and the oil storage capacity in the overflow oil pan at least enables the overflow oil pan to have a margin after the opening of the high-voltage bushing is broken and an overflow fire simulation test is finished; the included angles between the inclined planes at the two sides of the hollow prismatic table 1.2 and the horizontal plane are both 30 degrees, and the diameter of a circular opening 1.3 on the two inclined planes of the hollow prismatic table 1.2 is 0.8 m; when the overflow oil pan is subjected to a simulation test of opening and overflow fire after the high-pressure sleeve is broken, the burning area of the overflow oil pan is 28m2。
In the embodiment shown in the drawings, 3 circular openings 1.3 are respectively arranged on two inclined surfaces of the hollow prismatic table 1.2, and the positions of the circular openings 1.3 correspond to the positions of the mounting bases for mounting the high-voltage bushings in the transformer body. In addition, the number of the circular openings 1.3 is selected differently according to the size of the transformer entity, and at present, 3, 4, 6 and other installation bases for installing the high-voltage bushing are arranged on different transformer entities, that is, the number of the circular openings 1.3 can also be adjusted according to the size of the constructed oil-immersed transformer fire model.
The oil collecting pit model 2 is used for carrying out an oil collecting pit fire simulation test; the oil collecting pit model 2 comprises 4 oil collecting pit oil discs 2.1, wherein the 4 bottom edges of the lower surface of the cuboid 1.1 are respectively provided with a square cavity with an open top and are surrounded along the periphery of the outer wall of the bottom of the transformer body; in the embodiment, the oil collecting tray 2.1 comprises 2 oil trays with the size of 7m multiplied by 0.5m, 2 oil trays with the size of 5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the oil storage amount in any oil collecting tray 2.1 is at least that the oil collecting tray 2.1 has a residual after completing the oil collecting tray fire simulation test;when the oil pan 2.1 of the oil collecting pit is subjected to a fire simulation test of the oil collecting pit, the total combustion area of the oil pan 2.1 of the oil collecting pit is 12m2。
The fire injection model 3 is used for carrying out a fire injection simulation test generated by rupture of an oil conservator or an oil pipe when a fire disaster occurs to the transformer entity; the injection port 3.1 of the injection fire model 3 is positioned above the hollow prismatic table 1.2 and is used for spraying atomized transformer oil above the transformer body model 1; the injection fire model 3 comprises an injection fire oil supply device communicated with the injection port 3.1 and a first flowmeter arranged on an oil supply pipeline of the injection fire oil supply device to the injection port 3.1; when the injection port 3.1 is subjected to a conservator or oil pipe rupture injection fire simulation test, the oil injection flow of the injection port 3.1 is 0.15kg/s-0.17 kg/s.
The fire dripping model 4 is used for carrying out a fire simulation test of the broken oil conservator when a fire disaster occurs to the transformer entity; the flowing fire model 4 comprises a flowing fire oil disc 4.1, the flowing fire oil disc 4.1 is positioned on one side of the upper surface of the hollow prismatic table 1.2 in the length direction, the flowing fire oil disc 4.1 is provided with a square cavity with an opening at the top, and two sides of the square cavity in the length direction of the cuboid 1.1 are provided with flowing grooves 4.2 sunken to the bottom of the square cavity; the fire trickling model 4 also comprises a fire trickling oil supply device communicated with the fire trickling oil disc 4.1 and a second flowmeter arranged on an oil supply pipeline of the fire trickling oil supply device to the fire trickling oil disc 4.1; the size of the flowing oil tray 4.1 is 1m multiplied by 0.8m multiplied by 0.1m, the size of the flowing groove 4.2 is a rectangular groove, and the size is 0.2m multiplied by 0.05 m; when the sagging oil pan 4.1 is used for a sagging fire simulation test, the oil supply flow of the sagging fire is 0.20kg/s-0.30 kg/s. The model of the first flowmeter and the model of the second flowmeter are both LWGY-10.
The high-voltage bushing explosion fire model 5 is used for carrying out a high-voltage bushing explosion fire simulation test when a fire disaster occurs to the transformer entity; the high-voltage bushing explosive fire model 5 comprises an oil tank 5.1, the bottom of the oil tank is provided with a rupture disk 5.2, and the oil tank 5.1 is located above the flowing oil pan 5.2 and used for storing transformer oil. In the embodiment, the oil tank 5.1 with the oil storage capacity of 100kg is adopted, when the oil tank 5.1 is subjected to a high-pressure sleeve explosion fire simulation test, the rupture disk 5.2 is started to open the oil tank 5.1, the oil spraying flow is 10kg/s, and the oil stored in the oil tank 5.1 flows out within 10 s.
In the process of an oil-immersed transformer fire model assembly, a jet orifice 3.1 of a jet fire model 3 and an oil tank 5.1 of a high-voltage bushing explosive fire model 5 are built above a transformer body model 1 in a support mode, and the jet orifice 3.1 is arranged at a position about one meter away from the upper surface of a hollow prismatic table 1.2.
In specific implementation, the test fuel oil selected from oil pans of the oil sump model, the jet fire model, the trickle fire model and the high-voltage bushing explosion fire model of the oil-immersed transformer fire model is a 25# transformer, a small amount of heptane or gasoline is poured into each oil pan as a ignition raw material for facilitating the transformer oil, and the oil is pre-combusted for 3min, and the pre-combustion time is set for fully combusting the transformer oil on one hand and simulating the sensing response time of a fire extinguishing system when a physical fire of the transformer occurs on the other hand.
The fire simulation method of the oil-immersed transformer comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) building a transformer body model 1, an oil collecting pit model 2, a jet fire model 3, a trickling fire model 4 and a high-voltage bushing explosive cracking fire model 5 in sequence; injecting transformer oil with set oil quantity into each oil pan of the oil immersed transformer fire model, and simultaneously injecting a small amount of ignition raw material gasoline or heptane; a data acquisition instrument is arranged, connected with the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter and used for monitoring and acquiring the oil injection flow of the injection port 3.1 and the oil supply flow of the flowing fire; the monitoring area is arranged and comprises a camera device and a timing device, the camera device is used for acquiring image information of the fire simulation test process of the oil-immersed transformer fire model, subsequent review of test details and test phenomena is facilitated, and the timing device is used for timing the recording of the fire simulation test process of the oil-immersed transformer fire model, such as ignition of a stuck point, fire spraying and oil dripping disc 4.1.
Igniting the oil-immersed transformer fire model, setting the pre-burning time for 3min, and sequentially carrying out the following steps of: the trickling oil pan 4.1 ignites the overflow oil pan and the oil collecting sump oil pan 2.1 from the round opening 1.3 to the inside of the hollow prismatic table 1.2, and in the pre-burning time limit, the trickling fire oil supply device of the trickling fire model 4 is opened at 2min30s, the flaming fire oil supply device of the flaming fire model 3 is opened at 2min45s, and the rupture disk 5.2 at the bottom of the oil tank 5.1 is opened at the same time. The oil discs are sequentially ignited to truly simulate the fire condition of the transformer entity in different time periods when the fire occurs, and compared with synchronous ignition, the method can fully and truly reflect the true fire development rule of the oil-immersed transformer.
When the oil pans are sequentially ignited, the oil pans sequentially start to burn, and in the pre-burning time, the oil immersed transformer fire model starts to integrally generate violent naked fire and dense smoke, so that the fire condition of an oil collecting pit, the fire condition of the broken oil conservator or the oil pipe for spraying, the fire condition of the broken oil conservator for flowing and the fire condition of the high-voltage bushing for exploding during the physical fire of the oil immersed transformer are fully embodied, the real condition of the oil immersed transformer when the fire occurs is fully embodied, solves the problem that the current oil-immersed transformer model can not fully reflect the real condition of the oil-immersed transformer fire, the problem that whether the fire extinguishing system is effective on the real fire of the oil immersed transformer cannot be effectively verified is caused, the specific application of the fire extinguishing system in the oil immersed transformer entity is guided, the technical support is provided for researching fire-fighting products and standard specifications of the oil immersed transformer of the transformer substation, and the technical support is also provided for the fire-fighting safety of the power industry in China.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
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