CN110971551B - Cross-protocol communication platform based on passive sensing technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于物联网信息系统技术领域，涉及一种物联网通信平台，具体为一种基于无源感知技术的跨协议通信平台。The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of Things information systems, and relates to an Internet of Things communication platform, in particular to a cross-protocol communication platform based on passive sensing technology.
背景技术Background technique
物联网作为信息系统向物理世界的延伸，拓展了人类认知和控制物理世界的能力，已被称为继计算机和互联网之后的世界信息产业的第三次浪潮，正深刻改变着人类的生存环境和生活方式。As an extension of the information system to the physical world, the Internet of Things expands the ability of human beings to recognize and control the physical world. It has been called the third wave of the world's information industry after computers and the Internet, and is profoundly changing the living environment of human beings. and lifestyle.
物联网的核心任务是无处不在的数据感知、以无线为主的数据传输以及智能化的数据处理，随着5G以及大数据技术的发展，大规模的数据传输与处理不再是制约物联网应用发展的因素，实现无处不在的数据感知是物联网的关键，尤其是人工智能和工业制造4.0在国家的推动下蓬勃发展，机器人和工业物联网的相关应用越来越多，对物联网的数据感知提出了更高的要求，物联网需要实现更广泛的互连互通连接，包括手机、计算机、信息设备、所有智能、无智能物理设备之间的连接，不同的设备的通信协议不同，所以需要多样连接方式，但是现有的技术只能实现一种通信协议之间的信息交换，不能自主的在多种设备之间实现自由通信。例如RFID标签使用EPC协议与阅读器进行通信，而不能直接和手机或者电脑进行通信，一些可穿戴设备也只能使用特定的通信协议与专用设备进行通信，而不能自主选择通信协议进行通信，这就给物联网全部互通连接带来了瓶颈，为了解决这个问题，需要设计能够跨协议通信的物联网平台，能够根据需求自适应的选择通信协议，实现可以和多种通信终端的通信。此外，物联网设备的种类多元，数量达到千亿级，但存在一个重要的问题：物联网节点难以长时间供电持续运行，电池的工作方式导致了节点非常有限的工作寿命，需要大量的维护成本，而且因为需要加上电源装置，节点的外形尺寸也往往受到极大的限制，很难应用在衣物、鞋袜等穿戴物品以及其他类似的日常用品中，直接导致其系统的可扩展性和实用性大幅下降，尤其是设计一个跨协议通信的物联网平台需要的算法复杂度提高，所以耗费的能量更多，能量问题也是设计跨协议通信平台的一个重要考虑因素，所以需要设计一个低耗能的并且能够实现多种设备之间的跨协议通信平台。The core tasks of the Internet of Things are ubiquitous data perception, wireless-based data transmission, and intelligent data processing. With the development of 5G and big data technology, large-scale data transmission and processing are no longer restricting the Internet of Things. Factors of application development, the realization of ubiquitous data perception is the key to the Internet of Things, especially artificial intelligence and industrial manufacturing 4.0 are flourishing under the impetus of the country, and there are more and more related applications of robots and industrial Internet of Things. The data perception of the Internet of Things puts forward higher requirements. The Internet of Things needs to realize a wider range of interconnection and intercommunication connections, including connections between mobile phones, computers, information devices, and all intelligent and non-intelligent physical devices. Different devices have different communication protocols. Therefore, a variety of connection methods are required, but the existing technology can only realize the information exchange between one communication protocol, and cannot independently realize free communication between multiple devices. For example, RFID tags use the EPC protocol to communicate with readers, but cannot directly communicate with mobile phones or computers. Some wearable devices can only use specific communication protocols to communicate with special equipment, and cannot independently choose communication protocols to communicate. This brings a bottleneck to all interconnection of the Internet of Things. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to design an Internet of Things platform capable of cross-protocol communication, which can adaptively select communication protocols according to requirements, and realize communication with various communication terminals. In addition, there are many types of IoT devices, and the number reaches hundreds of billions, but there is an important problem: IoT nodes are difficult to supply power for a long time to run continuously, and the working method of the battery leads to a very limited working life of the nodes, which requires a lot of maintenance costs , and because of the need to add a power supply device, the size of the node is often greatly limited, it is difficult to apply in clothing, shoes and socks and other similar daily necessities, which directly leads to the scalability and practicality of the system In particular, the complexity of the algorithm required to design an IoT platform for cross-protocol communication increases, so more energy is consumed. Energy issues are also an important consideration in designing a cross-protocol communication platform, so it is necessary to design a low-energy consumption And it can realize the cross-protocol communication platform between various devices.
无源感知系统的出现以及反向散射关键技术为实现跨协议通信平台提供了可能，无源感知系统是指由无源感节点自身不配备或不主要依赖自身的电源设备供电，而从环境中获取能量支撑其计算、感知、通信与组网，这些能源可能来自光能、运动能以及无处不在的电磁能，无源感知系统很好的解决了物联网中的能源问题，其中利用电磁能的节点甚至不需要具备一般有源设备的收发器，可以利用自身天线对电磁波信号进行信号加载并反射传输，该技术称为反向散射技术，反向散射源于雷达技术，当电磁波遇到空间目标时，能量的一部分被物体吸收，另一部分通过“天线开关”控制天线 的阻抗，改变天线的反射系数，使得能量以不同强度被散射到各个方向，散射的能量中，一部分反射到发射天线，并被接收和识别，即可获得目标的有关信息，反向散射技术既可以实现节点的能量供给，也能够实现节点的信息传输。The emergence of the passive sensing system and the key technology of backscattering provide the possibility to realize the cross-protocol communication platform. Obtain energy to support its calculation, perception, communication and networking. These energy sources may come from light energy, motion energy and ubiquitous electromagnetic energy. The passive perception system solves the energy problem in the Internet of Things very well. The nodes do not even need transceivers with general active devices, and can use their own antennas to load and reflect electromagnetic wave signals. This technology is called backscattering technology. Backscattering comes from radar technology. When electromagnetic waves encounter space When the target is targeted, part of the energy is absorbed by the object, and the other part is controlled by the "antenna switch" to control the impedance of the antenna and change the reflection coefficient of the antenna, so that the energy is scattered to various directions with different intensities, and part of the scattered energy is reflected to the transmitting antenna. And being received and identified, the relevant information of the target can be obtained. The backscattering technology can not only realize the energy supply of the node, but also realize the information transmission of the node.
实现跨协议之间的通信主要需要解决的问题就是不同通信协议采用的调制解调方式不一致，例如EPC协议中规定RFID使用ASK调制，蓝牙技术BLE协议使用的是FSK调制，Wifi协议使用的是QPSK调制，广播信息采用的是FM调制，所以，如图1所示，如何设计一个跨协议通信平台能够同时产生ASK、PSK、QPSK、FSK、FM等调制方式实现不同设备之间的通信，并且考虑到能量因数，此平台不能自带能源，需要采用无源的方式进行工作，是我们需要解决的关键问题，也是实现物联网设备真正互通连接的必要课题。The main problem to be solved to achieve cross-protocol communication is that the modulation and demodulation methods used by different communication protocols are inconsistent. For example, the EPC protocol stipulates that RFID uses ASK modulation, the Bluetooth technology BLE protocol uses FSK modulation, and the Wifi protocol uses QPSK. Modulation, broadcast information uses FM modulation, so, as shown in Figure 1, how to design a cross-protocol communication platform that can simultaneously generate ASK, PSK, QPSK, FSK, FM and other modulation methods to achieve communication between different devices, and consider In terms of energy factor, this platform cannot have its own energy source, and needs to work in a passive way. This is a key issue that we need to solve, and it is also a necessary issue to realize the real interoperability and connection of IoT devices.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明克服了现有技术的不足，提出一种基于无源感知技术的跨协议通信平台，通过反向散射技术在一个设备上实现多种调制方式，能够按照需求自适应的与多种设备进行通信，通过反向散射调制技术进行信号的产生，为最终提高物联网不同设备之间的相互通信起到积极作用。The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and proposes a cross-protocol communication platform based on passive sensing technology, which realizes multiple modulation modes on one device through backscattering technology, and can communicate with multiple devices adaptively according to requirements. Communication, signal generation through backscatter modulation technology, plays an active role in ultimately improving the mutual communication between different devices in the Internet of Things.
为了达到上述目的，本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
一种基于无源感知技术的跨协议通信平台，包括射频前段、接收器、发送器、微控器及传感设备；所述接收器是对接收到的信号进行解码，具体包括依次连接的检测器、峰值发现器、设置阈值电路以及比较器，所述检测器用于移除接收信号的载波部分，峰值发现器用于存储电容中接收信号的峰值；设置阈值电路确定阈值；最后比较器将接收到的信号与阈值进行比较，实现接收信号的解调；所述发送器用来发送不同协议的通信信号，实现跨平台的通信，通过控制微控器输出的数字传输信号以及匹配网络的阻抗来进行调节，输出不同平台通信协议采用的调制方式。A cross-protocol communication platform based on passive sensing technology, including a radio frequency front-end, a receiver, a transmitter, a microcontroller, and a sensing device; the receiver decodes received signals, specifically including sequentially connected detection device, peak finder, setting threshold circuit and comparator, the detector is used to remove the carrier part of the received signal, the peak finder is used to store the peak value of the received signal in the capacitor; the setting threshold circuit determines the threshold; finally the comparator will receive The signal is compared with the threshold value to realize the demodulation of the received signal; the transmitter is used to send communication signals of different protocols to realize cross-platform communication, and is adjusted by controlling the digital transmission signal output by the microcontroller and the impedance of the matching network , to output the modulation methods adopted by different platform communication protocols.
优选的，所述输出不同平台通信协议采用的调制方式为：ASK调制、FSK调制、QPSK调制、FM调制中的任意一种。Preferably, the modulation method used for outputting different platform communication protocols is any one of ASK modulation, FSK modulation, QPSK modulation, and FM modulation.
优选的，所述射频前段用于对能量的收集以及进行能量管理，射频前段包括天线、电容、阻抗匹配网络、升压泵、电平转换器以及能量存储器，收集的能量存储在电容中。Preferably, the radio frequency front-end is used for energy collection and energy management, and the radio frequency front-end includes an antenna, a capacitor, an impedance matching network, a boost pump, a level shifter and an energy storage, and the collected energy is stored in the capacitor.
优选的，所述微控器为低功耗处理器，用于对解码的信号进行处理并产生发送数字信号；传感设备对环境进行感知，并将感知数据嵌入到微控器的数据中，最终通过反向散射信号进行传输。Preferably, the microcontroller is a low-power processor, which is used to process the decoded signal and generate a digital signal for transmission; the sensing device senses the environment and embeds the sensing data into the data of the microcontroller, The final transmission takes place via backscattered signals.
优选的，所述通信平台采用自适应反向散射机制，所述自适应反向散射机制包括对信道状态进行测试估计和信道状态与调制方式的对应，通过判断接收信号强度以及平台传感器接收到的数据来进行信道状态的判断，采用look-up表的方式进行进行信道状态与调制方式的对应，通过传输一段数据，根据其误码率进行上调或者下调调制方式。Preferably, the communication platform adopts an adaptive backscatter mechanism, and the adaptive backscatter mechanism includes testing and estimating the channel state and the correspondence between the channel state and the modulation mode, by judging the strength of the received signal and the signal received by the platform sensor The data is used to judge the channel state, and the look-up table is used to correspond to the channel state and the modulation method. By transmitting a piece of data, the modulation method is adjusted up or down according to the bit error rate.
本发明相对于现有技术所产生的有益效果为。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.
本发明设计无源感知技术设计跨协议通信平台，通过反向散射技术在一个设备上实现多种调制方式，能够按照需求自适应的与多种设备进行通信，并且考虑到该平台工作在无源环境下，只通过反向散射调制技术进行信号的产生，为最终提高物联网不同设备之间的相互通信起到积极作用。The present invention designs a cross-protocol communication platform with passive perception technology, implements multiple modulation modes on one device through backscattering technology, and can communicate with multiple devices adaptively according to requirements, and considers that the platform works in passive In the environment, only the backscatter modulation technology is used to generate signals, which plays a positive role in improving the communication between different devices in the Internet of Things.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为跨协议通信模型。Figure 1 shows the cross-protocol communication model.
图2为本发明所述跨协议通信平台总体框架图。Fig. 2 is an overall framework diagram of the cross-protocol communication platform of the present invention.
图3为本发明所述跨协议通信平台接收器示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-protocol communication platform receiver of the present invention.
图4为本发明所述跨协议通信平台发送器示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-protocol communication platform transmitter of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，结合实施例和附图，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。下面结合实施例及附图详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不被此限制。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail in combination with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
基于无源感知技术的跨协议通信平台总体框架如图2所示，该平台主要包括四个部分，分别为：（1）射频前段，负责对能量的收集以及进行能量管理，收集的能量主要存储在电容中，需要天线、阻抗匹配网络、升压泵、电平转换器以及能量存储器；（2）接收器，对接收到的信号进行解码，接收的信号中会包含下一步需要产生的通信协议类型，信号需要传输的速率等信号，考虑到能量消耗，接收机的器件均采用无源器件，解码也需要低功耗的方式。（3）发送器，发送不同协议的通信信号，实现跨平台的通信，主要可以通过控制微控器输出的数字传输信号以及匹配网络的阻抗来进行调节。（4）微控器及传感设备，实现简单的计算与感知，微控器使用MSP430低功耗处理器，主要对解码的信号进行处理并产生发送数字信号，传感设备可以对环境进行感知，并将感知数据嵌入到微控器的数据中，最终通过反向散射信号进行传输。The overall framework of the cross-protocol communication platform based on passive sensing technology is shown in Figure 2. The platform mainly includes four parts, namely: (1) RF front-end, which is responsible for energy collection and energy management, and the collected energy is mainly stored In the capacitor, antenna, impedance matching network, boost pump, level converter and energy storage are needed; (2) receiver, which decodes the received signal, and the received signal will contain the communication protocol that needs to be generated in the next step Type, the rate at which the signal needs to be transmitted and other signals, considering energy consumption, the components of the receiver all use passive components, and the decoding also requires a low-power consumption method. (3) The transmitter, which sends communication signals of different protocols to achieve cross-platform communication, can be adjusted mainly by controlling the digital transmission signal output by the microcontroller and the impedance of the matching network. (4) Microcontroller and sensing equipment to realize simple calculation and perception. The microcontroller uses MSP430 low-power processor to process the decoded signal and generate and send digital signals. The sensing equipment can sense the environment , and embed the sensing data into the data of the microcontroller, and finally transmit it through the backscatter signal.
其中射频前段部分以及微控器及传感器部分采用已成熟的现有设计方案，本发明主要侧重于其接收器、发送器以及自适应调节机制的设计，具体的实施方式如下：Wherein the front part of the radio frequency and the microcontroller and the sensor part adopt the mature existing design scheme, the present invention mainly focuses on the design of its receiver, transmitter and adaptive adjustment mechanism, and the specific implementation is as follows:
（1）跨协议通信平台接收器设计(1) Cross-protocol communication platform receiver design
接收机中主要包含四个部件，如图3所示，其中：包络检测器，其作用为移除接收信号的载波部分，器件包括二极管与电容，通过合理设计调试数值，使得其频率与接收信号中调制信号的频率一致，实现包络检波；峰值发现器，其主要作用为存储电容中接收信号的峰值；设置阈值电路实现阈值的减半；最后比较器将接收到的信号与阈值进行比较，当大于阈值时，输出为1，小于阈值时输出为0，实现了接收信号的解调。在设计过程中，由于平台在无源状况下进行工作，能量较少，所有的器件均为无源低功耗器件。The receiver mainly consists of four components, as shown in Figure 3, among them: the envelope detector, which is used to remove the carrier part of the received signal, and the device includes diodes and capacitors. Through reasonable design and debugging values, its frequency and reception The frequency of the modulated signal in the signal is consistent to achieve envelope detection; the peak finder, its main function is to store the peak value of the received signal in the capacitor; set the threshold circuit to realize the halving of the threshold; finally the comparator compares the received signal with the threshold , when it is greater than the threshold, the output is 1, and when it is less than the threshold, the output is 0, which realizes the demodulation of the received signal. In the design process, because the platform works under passive conditions and has less energy, all devices are passive low-power devices.
（2）跨协议通信平台发送器设计(2) Cross-protocol communication platform transmitter design
通过控制微控器输出的数字传输信号以及匹配网络的阻抗来进行调节，其中匹配网络的设计如图4所示，根据需要传输的信号选择对应的阻抗，阻抗值的确定根据需要达到的雷达横截面积以及反射系统，使用Smith V3.10软件计算得出。其中与RFID阅读器、Wifi设备以及蓝牙设备进行通信，均需要通过控制微控器输出的数字传输信号进行实现，分别输出普通的二进制信号、带时间延迟的信号以及频率不一致的二进制信号；实现M-QAM调制需要通过调节匹配网络的阻抗，利用单刀多掷开关选择不同的阻抗匹配所需的不同状况。It is adjusted by controlling the digital transmission signal output by the microcontroller and the impedance of the matching network. The design of the matching network is shown in Figure 4, and the corresponding impedance is selected according to the signal to be transmitted. The cross-sectional area and reflection system are calculated using Smith V3.10 software. Among them, communication with RFID readers, Wifi devices, and Bluetooth devices needs to be realized by controlling the digital transmission signals output by the microcontroller, and outputting ordinary binary signals, signals with time delays, and binary signals with inconsistent frequencies; to achieve M -QAM modulation needs to adjust the impedance of the matching network, and use the single-pole multi-throw switch to select different conditions required for different impedance matching.
（3）自适应反向散射机制设计(3) Adaptive backscatter mechanism design
为了优化跨协议通信平台的吞吐量，在保证误码率的情况下，设计能够根据实时信道状态自适应的调整调制方式来达到最大吞吐量的策略，其中包括两方面的设计，第一需要对信道状态进行测试与估计，通过判断接收信号强度以及平台传感器接收到的数据来进行信道状态的判断，第二进行信道状态与调制方式的对应，采用look-up表的方式进行，通过传输一段数据，根据其误码率进行上调或者下调调制方式。In order to optimize the throughput of the cross-protocol communication platform, in the case of ensuring the bit error rate, design a strategy that can adaptively adjust the modulation mode according to the real-time channel state to achieve the maximum throughput, including two aspects of design. The channel state is tested and estimated, and the channel state is judged by judging the received signal strength and the data received by the platform sensor. Second, the correspondence between the channel state and the modulation mode is carried out by means of a look-up table, and a piece of data is transmitted , adjust the modulation mode up or down according to the bit error rate.
本发明设计无源感知技术设计跨协议通信平台，通过反向散射技术在一个设备上实现多种调制方式，能够按照需求自适应的与多种设备进行通信，并且考虑到该平台工作在无源环境下，只通过反向散射调制技术进行信号的产生，为最终提高物联网不同设备之间的相互通信起到积极作用。The present invention designs a cross-protocol communication platform with passive perception technology, implements multiple modulation modes on one device through backscattering technology, and can communicate with multiple devices adaptively according to requirements, and considers that the platform works in passive In the environment, only the backscatter modulation technology is used to generate signals, which plays a positive role in improving the communication between different devices in the Internet of Things.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所做的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此，对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的前提下，还可以做出若干简单的推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定专利保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited thereto. Under the circumstances, some simple deduction or replacement can also be made, all of which should be regarded as belonging to the scope of patent protection determined by the submitted claims of the present invention.
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