CN110938001A - 绿原酸乙醇胺盐及用途 - Google Patents
绿原酸乙醇胺盐及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110938001A CN110938001A CN201811109914.6A CN201811109914A CN110938001A CN 110938001 A CN110938001 A CN 110938001A CN 201811109914 A CN201811109914 A CN 201811109914A CN 110938001 A CN110938001 A CN 110938001A
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- Prior art keywords
- chlorogenic acid
- ethanolamine salt
- treating
- cancer
- solution
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Abstract
本发明提供了如式(I)所示一种绿原酸乙醇胺盐,以其作为活性成分制备的产品,所述的产品包括药品和保健品,以及绿原酸乙醇胺盐在防治疾病和保健中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学技术领域,尤其涉及一种绿原酸乙醇胺盐及其用途。
背景技术
绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid),又名咖啡单宁酸或咖啡鞣酸,是由咖啡酸(caffeicacid)与奎宁酸(金鸡纳酸,quinic acid)缩合形成缩酚酸,是植物体有氧呼吸代谢的产物。绿原酸化学名为5-氧-咖啡酰奎宁酸(5-O-caffeoylquinic acid),分子式:C16H18O9,分子量:354.31,结构式如下所示。
绿原酸是一种重要的生物活性物质,现有技术公开了其具有多种用途:
1、抗肿瘤:如预防和治疗鼻咽癌(ZL200610021897.1);预防和治疗小细胞肺癌(ZL200710140602.7);预防和治疗膀胱癌(ZL201210086313.4);预防和治疗室管膜瘤(ZL201410468334.1);预防和治疗少突胶质瘤(ZL201410468312.5);预防和治疗宫颈癌(CN200610021591.6);预防和治疗女性器官肿瘤(CN200610021909.0);预防和治疗肺母细胞瘤(CN201510078820.7);预防和治疗原发性皮肤T细胞淋巴癌(CN201510079639.8);治疗黑色素瘤(CN201510079033.4);治疗卵黄囊瘤(CN201510053341.X);治疗绒毛膜癌(CN201510080133.9);CN201710719094.1、CN201710714132.4、CN201810206147.4CN201710719622.3等中国专利还公开了绿原酸和其他药物联合用药具有抗肿瘤、抗癌、治疗肿瘤多药耐药性等作用;
2、治疗自身免疫性疾病:中国专利CN201510568417.2公开了绿原酸能够激活机体的免疫相关信号通路;还具有如治疗红斑狼疮(CN201510078874.3);增加免疫功能(CN200510088025.2);治疗白癜风(CN201410778100.7);治疗银屑病(CN201410490695.6)等作用;
3、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肌肉骨骼老化:如抗缺氧(ZL200710128491.8);治疗和/或预防眼部炎症(CN201710051216.4);肌营养不良疾病(CN201510580291.0);治疗早衰症(CN201510072776.9)等;
4、保护心血管:治疗心肌病(CN201510078634.3)等;
此外,中国专利ZL200680024175.X公开了绿原酸具有增加骨髓细胞的功效;中国专利ZL200910246627.4公开了绿原酸具有治疗血小板减少症、贫血的功效;中国专利ZL200910246134.0公开了绿原酸对脾脏造血干细胞损伤有保护、修复作用;中国专利ZL200910246630.6公开了绿原酸具有治疗骨髓纤维化的功效;中国专利CN201510078953.4公开了绿原酸可以治疗荨麻疹;中国专利ZL201510063970.0公开了绿原酸具有治疗骨硬化病的功效;中国专利CN201510568285.3公开了绿原酸能够激活机体的WNT信号通路;中国专利CN201510123289.0公开了绿原酸具有促进成纤维细胞增殖的作用;中国专利ZL201110386854.4、ZL201310210438.8、CN200510088023.3等公开了绿原酸具有保肝作用;中国专利CN200610021590.1公开了绿原酸具有雌激素样或促雌激素样作用;中国专利CN201510078629.2公开了绿原酸具有治疗病理性黄疸的作用;中国专利CN201510079127.1公开了绿原酸可以用于治疗癫痫;中国专利CN200910246133.6公开了绿原酸可以治疗骨髓感染;中国专利CN201510078986.9公开了绿原酸可以治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症;中国专利CN201510079049.5公开了绿原酸可以治疗帕金森病;中国专利CN201610149050.5的公开了绿原酸可以抑制LAG-3靶点等等。
但是,绿原酸作为由咖啡酸与奎宁酸生成的缩酚酸,分子结构中含有酯键以及苯环等疏水结构,导致其在25℃时水中溶解度较低,仅达到约10mg/ml。由于绿原酸溶解度低,导致其口服制剂生物利用度低、注射制剂只能制备成大体积或小规格的制剂,严重限制了绿原酸的临床应用。而且,绿原酸本身具有较强的酸性,其10mg/ml水溶液pH值约为2.5,导致口服以及非肠道给药会有严重的接触部位刺激性,带来了临床上较大的安全风险。
为了提高绿原酸注射制剂的规格,现有技术一般通过调节注射制剂的pH值增加绿原酸的溶解度,但是,绿原酸结构中存在易发生水解失去生物活性的酯键,因此,为了保证绿原酸的稳定性,需要严格控制注射制剂的pH值在3.0左右,并且需要在避光、低温条件下保存、运输绿原酸注射制剂,极大限制了绿原酸的进一步发展和应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种绿原酸乙醇胺盐及其应用,本发明提供的绿原酸乙醇胺盐稳定性好、溶解度高、刺激性小,能够大大拓展绿原酸的临床应用。
本发明提供了一种绿原酸乙醇胺盐。相比绿原酸,我们惊奇的发现其乙醇胺盐具有许多优点,如水溶性明显高于绿原酸(10mg/ml);pH值为5~6,明显降低了绿原酸对人体的刺激性,有望大大提高绿原酸类药物的口服给药生物利度;稳定性也明显高于绿原酸及绿原酸的其他衍生物,如高温、光照及高湿条件下的稳定性均明显提高;降低注射制剂的常温生产、运输、使用难度,降低生产企业和应用厂商在生产、运输、储存上的成本,便于其工业化生产和规模化,进一步拓宽绿原酸类药物的应用领域,有利于其长期发展与研究。
本发明提供的绿原酸乙醇胺元结构如式(I)所示:
一般而言,式(I)化合物的制备可通过将绿原酸溶解于合适的溶剂中,过滤除去杂质,然后将该溶液加入到含1~3个当量的乙醇胺的溶剂中,冻干、蒸干或结晶获得式(I)化合物。
本发明公开的式(I)化合物包括可药用同位素变体。同位素变体是指其中至少一个原子被具有相同原子序数但原子质量不同于通常在自然界发现的原子质量的原子所替代的化合物。有用的同位素包括氢、碳、氮与氧的同位素。它们的示例性同位素包括但不限于2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、17O与18O。
本发明公开的式(I)化合物用同位素例如氘也就是2H取代可以因为具有更高的代谢稳定性而获得某些治疗上的优势,例如体内半衰期延长或剂量需要量降低,因而这在某些情形下是有用的。另外,某些同位素变体例如掺入放射性同位素的变体可用于药物和/或底物组织分布研究。放射性同位素氚也就是3H和碳-14也就是14C是特别有用的,因为它们容易掺入且方便检测。
本发明公开的化合物的同位素变体通常可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规方法制备。
本发明公开的化合物可以以结晶或无定形产品的形式给药。它们可以通过例如沉淀、结晶、冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥或蒸发干燥的方法获得例如固体栓、粉末或薄膜的形式。微波或无线电频率干燥可用于实现上述目的。
本发明还提供了一种药物制剂,包括式(I)所示的绿原酸乙醇胺盐和药学上可接受的辅料。本发明的药物制剂可只包含绿原酸乙醇胺盐单独给药,也可联合其他药物给药。
术语“药学上可接受的辅料”是指包括适合于所需的特定剂型的任意和所有溶剂、稀释剂或其他液体赋形剂、分散或悬浮助剂、表面活性剂、等渗剂、增稠或乳化剂、防腐剂、固体粘合剂、润滑剂等。Remington`s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Sixteenth Edition,E.W.Maetin(Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.,1980)公开了用于配制药学上可接受的组合物的各种载体和用于其制备的已知技术。除了任何常规载体介质与本发明化合物不相容以外,例如产生任何不可取得生物学效应或者以有害方式相互作用于药学上可接受的组合物的任何其他组分,它的使用涵盖在本发明的范围内。
能够充当药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包括,但不限于,离子交换剂;氧化铝;硬脂酸铝;卵磷脂;缓冲物质,例如:磷酸盐;甘氨酸;山梨酸或山梨酸钾;饱和植物脂肪酸的偏苷油酯混合物;水;盐或电解质,例如:磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钾、氯化钠、锌盐;胶体二氧化硅;三硅酸镁;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;聚丙烯酸酯;糖类,例如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,例如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,例如可可脂和栓剂用蜡;油类,例如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;二醇,例如丙二醇或聚乙二醇;酯类,例如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;无热原的水;等渗盐水;乙醇;以及其他无毒的可相容的润滑剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁;根据制剂人员的判断,在组合物中也可以存在着色剂、释放剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、调味剂和香料、防腐剂和抗氧化剂。
可按照常规制备方法将本发明提供的式(I)所示的绿原酸乙醇胺盐配制为常规药物制剂;所述药物制剂的剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、乳剂、混浮剂、注射剂、滴剂、冻干粉针剂等。
式(I)所示的绿原酸乙醇胺盐与常用载体或稀释剂结合,其给药途径可以是口服、非肠胃给药或局部给药。
口服给药应当包括吞咽,从而使得化合物能够进入胃肠道,也可以通过颊或舌下给药使化合物直接由嘴进入血流。
适合口服给药的制剂包括固体制剂与液体制剂,固体制剂如片剂;含有微粒、液体或粉末的胶囊剂;锭剂(包括充满液体的锭剂);咀嚼片剂;复微粒和纳米微粒;凝胶;固体溶液;脂质体;薄膜(包括粘膜粘着剂);卵剂;喷雾剂;液体制剂包括混悬剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂与酏剂。这类制剂可用作软胶囊剂或硬胶囊剂的填充剂,并且通常含有载体如水、EtOH、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甲基纤维素或者适宜的油,以及一种或多种乳化剂和/或助悬剂。液体制剂还可以通过固体从例如囊剂中配制而制备得到。
本发明公开的化合物还可用于快速溶解、快速崩解剂型中。
对于片剂剂型而言,除了药物之外,通常还含有崩解剂。崩解剂的实例包括羟乙酸淀粉纳、羧甲基纤维素纳、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联羧甲基纤维素纳、聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、低级烷基取代的羟丙基纤维素、淀粉、预凝胶淀粉和藻酸纳。
粘合剂通常用于赋予片剂以粘合特性。适宜的粘合剂包括微晶纤维素、凝胶、糖类、聚乙二醇、天然和合成树胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、预凝胶淀粉、羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素。片剂还可以含有稀释剂,例如乳糖(单水合物、喷雾干燥的单水合物、无水等)、甘露醇、木糖醇、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、微晶纤维素、淀粉和磷酸氢钙二水合物。
片剂还任选含有表面活性剂例如十二烷基硫酸纳和聚山梨醇醋80、以及助流剂例如二氧化硅和滑石。
片剂通常还含有润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酰富马酸纳、以及硬脂酸镁与十二烷基硫酸钠的混合物。其它成分可以包括防腐剂、抗氧化剂、芳香剂和着色剂。
在本发明中,术语非肠胃给药包括静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、鼻腔内、直肠内、阴道内或腹膜内给药。非肠道给药制剂通常是含有赋形剂例如盐、碳水化合物和缓冲剂(优选pH为3~9)的水溶液剂,但是对于某些应用,更适合将其制成无菌的无水溶液剂或者用于与适宜的媒介质例如无菌、无热原水联合使用的干燥形式。采用本领域技术人员熟知的常规制药技术可以方便地在无菌条件下通过冻干法完成非肠道给药制剂的制备。
在本发明中式(I)所示的绿原酸乙醇胺盐还可以局部给药,可以局部给药至皮肤或粘膜,既可以皮肤给药也可以透皮给药。用于该目的的典型制剂包括凝胶剂、水凝胶、洗剂、溶液剂、乳剂、软膏剂、扑粉、调味品、泡沫、薄膜、皮肤贴剂、糯米纸囊剂、植入剂、棉球、纤维、绷带和微乳剂,还可以使用脂质体。典型的载体包括醇、水、矿物油、液体石蜡、白凡士林、甘油和丙二醇。典型的制剂还可以含有穿透促进剂。
在本发明中,式(I)所示的绿原酸乙醇胺盐的给药形式优选注射给药或口服给药。
其中,所述注射给药所用的制剂类型优选为注射剂或冻干粉针剂;所述注射剂的溶剂与冻干粉针剂所用的复溶剂为本领域技术人员熟知的水性溶性及与非水溶剂即可。所述水性溶剂最常用的为注射用水,也可以用0.9%氯化钠溶液或其他适宜的水溶液;非水性溶剂常用的为植物油,主要为注射用大豆油及其他非水溶剂乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇和甘油等。
本发明还提供了绿原酸乙醇胺盐的应用,绿原酸作为药品及保健品在抗肿瘤、治疗自身免疫性疾病、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肌肉骨骼老化、保护心血管、增加骨髓细胞、治疗血小板减少症、贫血、治疗脾脏造血干细胞损伤、治疗骨髓纤维化、治疗荨麻疹、治疗银屑病、治疗骨硬化病、促进成纤维细胞增殖、保肝、治疗癫痫、治疗骨髓感染、治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、治疗帕金森病、抗病毒、抗菌等方面的作用已被证实,本发明的式(I)化合物具有同样的生理活性以及比绿原酸更好的临床应用价值。
因此,本发明还提供了绿原酸乙醇胺盐在制备抗氧化、清除自由基、提高中枢兴奋、扩张血管、保肝利胆、抗艾滋病毒或抗菌消炎药物或保健品中的应用。
本发明还提供了绿原酸乙醇胺盐在制备治疗和/或预防肿瘤、炎性疾病或自身免疫性疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明所述肿瘤包括实体瘤和非实体瘤;在本发明中所述肿瘤包括但不限于黑色素瘤、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、喉癌、鼻咽癌、食道癌、多发性骨髓瘤、淋巴癌、白血病、膀胱癌、前列腺癌、胆管癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、皮肤癌等。
本发明所述的自身免疫疾病包括但不限于系统性红斑狼疮、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、硬皮病等。
上述药用剂量单元中,本发明的式(I)化合物为有效、无毒剂量,优选0.1~100mg/kg,更优选0.1~10mg/kg。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种绿原酸乙醇胺盐及用途进行详细描述。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中所用的试剂均为市售。
对比例1
将绿原酸(2.0g,5.64mmol)加入到反应瓶中,加入无水乙醇(20.0ml)溶解,室温下,缓慢滴加无水乙酸钠(0.49g,5.97mmol)/无水甲醇(5.0ml)溶液,滴加完,室温下搅拌反应2h,过滤,滤饼用适量无水乙醇洗涤,35℃真空干燥,得绿原酸钠盐,白色粉末1.63g,收率:76.74%。
对比例2
将绿原酸(2.0g,5.64mmol)加入到反应瓶中,加入无水乙醇(40.0ml)溶解,室温下,缓慢滴加无水乙酸钾(0.58g,5.91mmol)/无水乙醇(6.0ml)溶液,滴加完,室温下搅拌反应2h,过滤,滤饼用适量无水乙醇洗涤,35℃真空干燥,得绿原酸钾盐,白色粉末1.81g,收率:81.72%。
对比例3
按照下表制备含有绿原酸的冻干粉针
| 绿原酸 | 5.0g |
| 磷酸氢二钠 | 适量 |
| 甘露醇 | 5.0g |
| 共计 | 100支 |
取处方量绿原酸和甘露醇,加入100ml注射用水溶解,用磷酸氢二钠调pH至5.4,过0.22μm滤膜,分装至5ml西林瓶中,每只1ml,按常规程序冻干,真空压塞。
实施例1
将绿原酸(5.0g,14.11mmol)加入到反应瓶中,加入无水乙醇(50.0ml)溶解,室温下,缓慢滴加乙醇胺(0.86g,14.08mmol)/无水甲醇(2.0ml)溶液,滴加完,室温下搅拌反应2h,过滤,滤饼用适量无水乙醇洗涤,40℃真空干燥,得绿原酸乙醇胺盐,白色粉末4.98g,收率:84.95%,mp:141.0~143.5℃。
利用核磁共振对实施例1中得到的绿原酸乙醇胺盐进行检测,得到结果1HNMR:(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ:11.2(1H,s);δ9.60(1H,s);δ9.19(1H,s);δ7.40(1H,d,J=16Hz);δ7.17(1H,s);δ6.93(1H,d,J=8);δ6.79(1H,d,J=8Hz);δ6.31(1H,d,J=16Hz);δ5.11(2H,s);δ4.91(2H,s);δ4.81(1H,s);δ3.99(1H,m);δ3.84(1H,t);δ3.62(3H,m);δ3.25(1H,m);δ3.01(2H,m);δ2.05(2H,m);δ1.95(2H,m)。
实施例2相对溶解度及PH值
分别取绿原酸、对比例1、对比例2和实施例1中得到的盐研细,准确称取细粉一定量,在水中测定其溶解度及pH值。得到结果见表1。
表1溶解度及PH值测试结果
| 绿原酸 | 实施例1 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | |
| 溶解度25℃(mg/ml) | 10 | 70 | 90 | 80 |
| pH值(10mg/ml) | 2.58 | 5.35 | 6.91 | 4.5 |
结果:绿原酸成乙醇胺盐可以明显提高绿原酸在水中溶解度,其溶解度达到了70mg/ml,可以满足开发小容量、大规格注射剂要求;而且绿原酸乙醇胺盐溶液pH值为5.35,明显降低了绿原酸对人体的刺激作用。
实施例3稳定性考察
参照药物稳定性指导原则(2015年版中国药典四部通则9001),分别对实施例1及比较例1、2提供的盐进行60℃、RH92.5%及光照实验条件的影响因素实验,初步判断样品的稳定性情况。实验结果见表2~表5。
表2绿原酸稳定性影响因素试验10天结果
表3对比例1稳定性影响因素试验10天结果
表4对比例2稳定性影响因素试验10天结果
表5实施例1稳定性影响因素试验10天结果
由表2~表5可以看出,绿原酸钾盐和绿原酸钠盐在各条件下稳定性差,有一定的引湿性;绿原酸在高温、光照条件下发生降解,稳定性差;而绿原酸乙醇胺盐各条件下均未发生降解,稳定性比绿原酸好,可以满足作为原料药进一步开发药物制剂的条件。
实施例4冻干粉针剂
按照下表制备含有绿原酸乙醇胺盐的冻干粉针。
| 实施例1化合物 | 1.41g |
| 水 | 20ml |
| 共计 | 1.41g |
取实施例1化合物1.41g加入20ml水,0.22μm膜过滤,分装至5ml西林瓶中,每只1ml,按冻干粉针常规操作制备,得到20支冻干粉针,每支含60mg(以绿原酸计)。
实施例5冻干粉针剂的复溶性及pH值测定
取实施例4冻干制剂,加入1ml氯化钠注射液,10s后得澄清溶液,溶液浓度达到70mg/ml,其pH值5.43;说明绿原酸乙醇胺盐冻干粉针复溶性良好,pH值具有较好的人体耐受性。
实施例6冻干粉针稳定性考察
参照药物稳定性指导原则(2015年版中国药典四部通则9001),分别对对比例3和实施例4得到的冻干粉针剂进行60℃、RH92.5%及光照实验条件的影响因素实验,初步判断制剂的稳定性情况。实验结果见表6。
表6实施例4和对比例3稳定性影响因素试验10天结果
由表6可以看出,对比例3制备的含有绿原酸冻干粉针剂在各条件下都有不同程度的降解,稳定性差,需要低温保存;而实施例4用绿原酸乙醇胺盐制备的冻干粉针,各条件下均未发生降解,可以常温保存。
实施例7片剂
将实施例1化合物、甘露醇、微晶纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉钠、硬酯酸镁按下表比例组合压制成片剂。
| 组分 | mg |
| 实施例1化合物 | 500 |
| 甘露醇 | 150 |
| 微晶纤维素 | 200 |
| 羟丙基纤维素 | 50 |
| 羧甲基淀粉钠 | 100 |
| 硬酯酸镁 | 10 |
除原料外,片剂处方一般还包括药学上可接受的辅料,辅料一般包括填充剂、崩解剂、着色剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、助流剂等。片剂的质量取决于处方组成,辅料选择和制备工艺。通常,片剂的制备方法分为两种:直接压片法和制粒压片法。制粒方法又可分为湿法制粒和干法制粒。无论采用采用方法压片,首先都是粉碎并混合,只是后面步骤不同,本领域技术人员可根据片剂组成及制剂要求,选择现有常用的方法即可。
Claims (7)
1.一种绿原酸乙醇胺盐。
3.一种药物制剂,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的绿原酸乙醇胺盐和药学上可接受的辅料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂的剂型包括片剂、胶囊剂、锭剂、咀嚼片剂、复微粒和纳米微粒、凝胶、固体溶液、脂质体、薄膜、卵剂、喷雾剂、混悬剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂、酏剂、水溶液剂、无水溶液剂、冻干粉针剂、凝胶剂、水凝胶、洗剂、溶液剂、乳剂、软膏剂、扑粉、调味品、泡沫、薄膜、皮肤贴剂、糯米纸囊剂、植入剂、棉球、纤维、绷带或微乳剂。
5.权利要求1所述的绿原酸乙醇胺盐在制备治疗和/或预防肿瘤、炎性疾病或自身免疫性疾病的药物、制备抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肌肉骨骼老化或保护心血管的药物和/或保健品中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,所述自身免疫性疾病为牛皮癣、炎症样类风湿性关节炎、狼疮、I型糖尿病、糖尿病肾病、多发性硬化症、肾小球肾炎或器官移植排斥。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,所述肿瘤为肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、子宫癌及脑瘤。
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