Dual polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of base station antenna equipment, in particular to a dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch.
Background
With the increasing perfection of the construction of the global communication field, the mobile communication system is now in coexistence of multiple 2G/3G/4G systems, and in future, the mobile communication system will also coexist with 5G, and in order to reduce the network construction and operation maintenance cost, consider the evolution of the later network in long term, each operator puts forward higher demands on the broadband, miniaturization and multiple systems of the antenna. One antenna is required to meet more network systems, cover all mobile communication frequency bands which are possibly used in the prior art and the future, and the antenna is required to be small in size so as to facilitate base station site selection and save space resources. Therefore, research on multi-frequency, broadband, miniaturized base station antenna technology is necessary, and an array antenna of a high-low frequency nesting scheme is one of main paths for realizing miniaturization.
In the existing base station array antenna, a high-frequency radiation array and a low-frequency radiation array are often required to be installed on a floor together, so that the multi-system and miniaturization of an antenna system are realized. In order to reduce the shielding of the low frequency radiating element to the high frequency radiating element, the prior patent proposes to use a horizontal radiating element and a vertical radiating element to synthesize a cross-shaped array polarized at + -45 degrees, such as the low frequency radiating array proposed by publication number CN104916910 a. Because in the base station antenna system, the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna coexist, and the mutual distance is relatively close, mutual coupling is easy to generate, and the directional diagram is distorted, the prior publication number CN206412463U proposes that a filtering network with an H-shaped structure is loaded on a low-frequency radiation sheet to inhibit the influence of a low-frequency array on the high-frequency radiation directional diagram.
In summary, the conventional method has many problems in practical use, so that improvement is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, wherein a metal wire arranged around a low-frequency antenna array plays a role of a parasitic radiating antenna, a radiating field generated by the parasitic antenna is overlapped with a radiating field generated by the low-frequency array, and space resources are fully utilized to improve the gain of the low-frequency antenna under the condition that a nested layout scheme is not influenced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a dual polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, comprising:
A reflective backplane;
at least one low-frequency radiation array fixedly arranged on the reflecting bottom plate;
At least four high-frequency radiation arrays are fixedly arranged on the reflecting bottom plate and uniformly surround the periphery of the low-frequency radiation arrays;
At least four metal wires are respectively and independently and symmetrically erected on the supporting frames distributed around the low-frequency radiation array.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the low frequency radiating array comprises a die-casting feed structure, a PCB coupling feed structure and four PCB radiating branches, wherein the lower end of the die-casting feed structure is fixedly arranged on the reflecting bottom plate, and the PCB coupling feed structure and the PCB radiating branches are arranged at the upper end of the die-casting feed structure.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the PCB coupling feed structure comprises a dielectric plate, four rectangular-like copper foils are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the copper foils on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate are conducted in one-to-one correspondence through metallized through holes, the four copper foils on the same surface of the dielectric plate are symmetrically distributed, four interval gaps are formed between every two adjacent copper foils, and an open-circuit gap is etched on each copper foil.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the open-circuit slot is a linear slot or an L-shaped slot or a bent slot, and the total length of the open-circuit slot is a quarter wavelength of the corresponding frequency point.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, one ends of four PCB radiating branches are respectively arranged on four interval gaps on the upper end face of the dielectric plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the PCB radiating branches are provided with at least one identical radiating sheet, and the radiating sheets are in rectangular and/or stepped and/or multi-fold line structures.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the die-casting feed structure comprises an air microstrip line structure and at least two short circuit metal columns, and the air microstrip line structure is connected with the short circuit metal columns to form the balun of the antenna.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the air microstrip line structure comprises a first microstrip ground, a second microstrip ground, a first microstrip feed piece and a second microstrip feed piece, wherein the first microstrip ground and the first microstrip feed piece are connected with two copper foils on the lower end face of the dielectric plate through a first printed metal conductor, and the second microstrip ground and the second microstrip feed piece are connected with the other two copper foils on the lower end face of the dielectric plate through a second printed metal conductor.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the dielectric plate is an FR4 substrate.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the supporting frame is made of plastic material and is vertically arranged on the reflecting bottom plate.
According to the dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch, the metal wire is linear, right-angle, circular arc or irregular, and/or
The total length of the single metal wire is 215 mm-245 mm, and/or
The high-frequency radiation array is a conventional high-frequency die-casting array, and the low-frequency radiation array is nested in the right center of the high-frequency radiation array.
The dual-polarized base station radiation array with the high gain and the high frequency notch comprises a reflection bottom plate, at least one low frequency radiation array fixedly arranged on the reflection bottom plate, at least four high frequency radiation arrays fixedly arranged on the reflection bottom plate and uniformly encircling the periphery of the low frequency radiation array, and at least four metal wires respectively and independently and symmetrically erected on supporting frames distributed around the low frequency radiation array. Therefore, the metal wires arranged around the low-frequency antenna array play a role of a parasitic radiation antenna, the radiation field generated by the parasitic antenna is overlapped with the radiation field generated by the low-frequency array, and the space resource is fully utilized to improve the gain of the low-frequency antenna under the condition that the nested layout scheme is not influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the low frequency radiating element of the dual polarized base station radiating element with high gain and high frequency notch according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing current distribution on the PCB radiating branches of the low frequency radiating array of dual polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the PCB coupling feed structure of the low frequency radiating array of the dual polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the die-cast feed structure of the low frequency radiating element of the dual-polarized base station radiating element with high gain and high frequency notch according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a radiation pattern of the high frequency radiating element at a frequency point of 2690MHz in the case of the presence or absence of an etched open slot on the PCB coupling feed structure of the low frequency radiating element of the dual polarized base station radiating element with high gain and high frequency notch;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the gain of the low frequency radiating element with frequency, with or without a wire around the radiating element of the dual polarized base station.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The dual-polarized base station radiating array with high gain and high frequency notch comprises a reflecting bottom plate 4, at least one low-frequency radiating array 1 fixedly arranged on the reflecting bottom plate 4, at least four high-frequency radiating arrays 2 fixedly arranged on the reflecting bottom plate 4 and uniformly and symmetrically surrounding the low-frequency radiating array 2, at least four metal wires 3 respectively and independently and symmetrically arranged on supporting frames 5 distributed around the low-frequency radiating array 1, the low-frequency radiating array 1 is a cross array, the working frequency range of the cross array is 698 MHz-960 MHz, the working frequency range of the high-frequency radiating array 2 is 1710 MHz-2690 MHz, the high-frequency radiating array 2 and the low-frequency radiating array 1 are antennas polarized at +/-45 degrees, the embodiment comprises four high-frequency radiating arrays 2 and four metal wires 3, the four high-frequency radiating arrays 2 are uniformly and symmetrically distributed around the low-frequency radiating array 1, the four supporting frames 5 are also arranged around the low-frequency radiating array 1, the four supporting frames are symmetrically arranged around the low-frequency radiating array 1, the parasitic antenna is capable of generating parasitic radiation by using the space of the low-frequency radiating array, and the parasitic antenna is fully improved.
After the low-frequency radiation array 1 radiates, the metal wire 3 can be coupled to corresponding current, electromagnetic waves radiated by the coupling current are overlapped with electromagnetic waves radiated by the low-frequency radiation array 1, and under the condition that a nested layout scheme is not affected, space resources are fully utilized to improve the original pattern radiated by the low-frequency array only. Fig. 7 shows a variation curve of the gain of the low frequency radiating element 1 with frequency in the presence or absence of the wire 3, and it can be seen that the average gain of the antenna is increased by about 0.7dBi after the wire 3 is added, and the gain is significantly increased.
Referring to fig. 2, the low-frequency radiating array 1 includes a die-casting feed structure 8, a PCB coupling feed structure 7 and four PCB radiating branches 6, the lower end of the die-casting feed structure 8 is fixedly mounted on the reflective base plate 4, and the PCB coupling feed structure 7 and the PCB radiating branches 6 are mounted on the upper end of the die-casting feed structure 8. The PCB coupling feed structure 7 comprises a dielectric plate 16, wherein four rectangular-like copper foils are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate 16, the copper foils on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate 16 are conducted in one-to-one correspondence through metallized through holes 15, the four copper foils on the same surface of the dielectric plate 16 are symmetrically distributed, four interval gaps are formed between every two adjacent four copper foils, and an open-circuit gap 17 is etched on each copper foil. In this embodiment, the high-frequency coupling current is mainly concentrated on the low-frequency PCB coupling feed structure 7 at the distortion frequency point of the high-frequency pattern, and the high-frequency current coupled to the low-frequency PCB radiating branch 6 is weaker, so that an elongated open slot 17 is etched on each approximately rectangular copper foil of the PCB coupling feed structure 7, and the length of the open slot 17 is adjusted to improve the high-frequency pattern of the corresponding frequency band. In this embodiment, the open slot 17 is a linear slot, or in other embodiments, may be an L-shaped slot or a bent slot, and the total length of the open slot 17 is a quarter wavelength of a corresponding frequency point, where the corresponding frequency point is a frequency point where a high-frequency pattern is distorted due to coupling of a stronger current on the PCB feeding piece, as can be seen from fig. 6, when the PCB coupling feeding structure 7 of the low-frequency radiating array 1 has no open slot 17, the distortion of the high-frequency radiation pattern is larger, and when the PCB coupling feeding structure 7 of the low-frequency radiating array 1 has the open slot 17, the distortion of the high-frequency radiation pattern is small and is close to the pattern when only radiating at high frequency. If the high frequency current coupled on the PCB radiating branch 6 of the low frequency radiating lineup 1 is concentrated under certain conditions, it is considered to etch a quarter wavelength open slot on the PCB radiating branch 6.
Further, one ends of the four PCB radiating branches 6 are respectively mounted on four of the spaced gaps on the upper end face of the dielectric plate 16, the same at least one radiating sheet is disposed on the upper and lower sides of the PCB radiating branches 6, and the radiating sheets are in rectangular and/or stepped and/or multi-fold line structures. The PCB radiation branches 6 can couple electromagnetic waves and radiate, and the impedance characteristics of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the gap size and the gap length of the coupling feed structure. Referring to fig. 3, the shape of the PCB radiating branches 6 on the upper and lower sides is the same, and the shape of the radiating sheet thereon may be rectangular and/or trapezoidal and/or a bending line. The invention uses a mode of combining rectangular lines and bending lines as the radiation piece of the low-frequency radiation array 1, and the effective flow path of current can be increased through the bending lines, so that the physical size of the radiation piece is reduced. When the +45° port of the low frequency radiating array 1 is excited, the current 10 formed on the four PCB radiating branches 6, the fields radiated by these four currents can synthesize the +45° radiating field, and similarly, when the-45 ° port of the low frequency radiating array 1 is excited, the fields radiated by the currents on the four PCB radiating branches 6 can synthesize the-45 ° radiating field. The distance between the reflective bottom plate 4 and the PCB radiating branches 6 of the low frequency radiating array 1 is about a quarter wavelength of the center frequency point.
Referring to fig. 5, the die-cast feed structure 8 includes an air microstrip line structure and at least two shorting metal posts 22, and the air microstrip line structure is connected with the shorting metal posts 22 to form a balun of the antenna. The length dimension of the two metal posts 22 is approximately one quarter wavelength of the antenna center frequency. Further, the air microstrip line structure includes a first microstrip ground 18, a second microstrip ground 20, a first microstrip feed piece 19 and a second microstrip feed piece 21, where the first microstrip ground 18 and the first microstrip feed piece 19 are connected with two copper foils on the lower end surface of the dielectric plate 16 through a first printed metal conductor, and the second microstrip ground 20 and the second microstrip feed piece 21 are connected with another two copper foils on the lower end surface of the dielectric plate 16 through a second printed metal conductor. Specifically, the first microstrip ground 18 and the first microstrip feed piece 19 transmit excitation signals to the first copper foil 11 and the third copper foil 13 which are approximately rectangular through a section of printed metal conductor, and the PCB radiation branch 6 is coupled to the excitation signals on the first copper foil 11 and the third copper foil 13 which are approximately rectangular, so that a current 10 can be formed, and a radiation field of +45 DEG is generated. Whereas the second microstrip ground 20 and the second microstrip feed tab 21 transmit excitation signals to the approximately rectangular second copper foil 12 and fourth copper foil 14 via a section of printed metal conductor, a radiation field of-45 ° can be generated.
Preferably, the dielectric plate 16 is an FR4 (a code of a class of flame resistant materials) substrate. The supporting frame 5 is made of plastic material and is vertically arranged on the reflecting bottom plate 4.
In this embodiment, the metal wire 3 is a right angle, and may be a straight line, an arc, or an irregular shape in other embodiments, specifically, the total length of the single metal wire is 215 mm-245 mm, that is, the total length of the metal wire 3 is about half the wavelength of the lowest frequency point of the working frequency band. By selecting a proper shape and placement position of the metal wire 3, indexes such as gain, wave width, front-to-back ratio and the like of the low-frequency array can be improved, and the cross polarization ratio is slightly deteriorated. The high-frequency radiating array 2 is a conventional high-frequency die-casting array, the low-frequency radiating array 1 is nested in the right center of the high-frequency radiating array 2, namely, the right center of the four high-frequency radiating arrays 2 is provided with one low-frequency radiating array 1, so that the space size of the array antenna can be reduced. Parasitic radiation generated by four metal wires is symmetrically added around the array to improve the gain of the array. The influence of the low-frequency array on the high-frequency radiation pattern is restrained by etching an open-circuit gap on the coupling feed piece of the low-frequency array.
In summary, the metal wires arranged around the low-frequency antenna array play a role of the parasitic radiation antenna, the radiation field generated by the parasitic antenna is overlapped with the radiation field generated by the low-frequency array, and the gain of the low-frequency antenna is improved by fully utilizing space resources under the condition that the nested layout scheme is not influenced. The open-circuit gap etched on the approximately rectangular copper foil of the PCB coupling feed can generate notch characteristics at the corresponding frequency point of high frequency, so as to inhibit high-frequency electromagnetic waves, reduce coupling between high frequency and low frequency, improve high-frequency directional diagrams, and the feed and balun structure formed by the die-casting air microstrip and the short-circuit metal column is firmer, thereby being convenient for batch processing and production.
Of course, the present invention is capable of other various embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.