CN110890624B - A broadband compact shaped array antenna - Google Patents
A broadband compact shaped array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110890624B CN110890624B CN201911242166.3A CN201911242166A CN110890624B CN 110890624 B CN110890624 B CN 110890624B CN 201911242166 A CN201911242166 A CN 201911242166A CN 110890624 B CN110890624 B CN 110890624B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
本发明提供一种宽带紧凑型赋形阵列天线，包括N个宽带微带天线单元、一个一分N路带状线威尔金森功分网络以及组装载体，采用多层结构设计的N个宽带微带天线单元水平等间距排布组成线阵，一分N路带状线威尔金森功分网络水平摆放并通过同轴转接接头与N个宽带微带天线单元连接用于为线阵实现所需的赋形效果提供相应的激励幅相，该一分N路带状线威尔金森功分网络采用多层转接互连结构设计以缩减三维占用空间和降低设计成本，组装载体位于天线层与馈电网络层之间起支撑作用，本发明通过合理设计天线单元、激励幅相、馈电网络以及互连匹配结构，实现了一种具有频带宽、占用三维空间小、副瓣低、增益高、成本低的优点的宽带紧凑型赋形阵列天线。
The invention provides a broadband compact shaped array antenna, which includes N broadband microstrip antenna units, a one-point N-way stripline Wilkinson power division network and an assembly carrier. The antenna units are arranged horizontally and equally spaced to form a linear array, and one sub-N stripline Wilkinson power division network is placed horizontally and connected to N broadband microstrip antenna units through coaxial adapters to realize the linear array. The required shaping effect provides the corresponding excitation amplitude and phase. The one-point N-way stripline Wilkinson power division network adopts a multi-layer switching interconnect structure design to reduce the three-dimensional occupied space and reduce the design cost. The assembly carrier is located in the antenna. It plays a supporting role between the layer and the feeding network layer. The present invention realizes a kind of high frequency bandwidth, small occupied three-dimensional space, low side lobe, A broadband compact shaped array antenna with the advantages of high gain and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave antenna array design, in particular to a broadband compact shaped array antenna.
Technical Field
With the continuous upgrade of electronic warfare in military electronic warfare and the increase of wireless communication capacity for civil and commercial use. A single antenna on an electronic device is thin and lacks in the function type that can be realized, so that the application of the beam forming technology in an array antenna and a broadband array antenna becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The array antenna needs to meet the requirements of active standing wave ratio, radiation gain during antenna transmission, radiation efficiency during antenna transmission, a radiation pattern capable of being flexibly controlled and the like in a working frequency band. The inability of previous conventional low sidelobe antennas to accommodate dispersed and diverse customer demands in today's complex environment has prompted the development of faster antenna technology. Many adverse factors are usually considered to design an antenna with excellent performance, some structural sizes are reasonably selected and the target can be well achieved, and a series of complicated mathematical models of size parameters of the antenna need to be subjected to huge numerical calculation; in many cases, in order to solve various problems, it is necessary to design and develop corresponding software or write a special program. With the rapid development of electronic computers and various optimized design technologies, the design simulation of complicated and huge antennas which are unthinkable by the former people is completed. Meanwhile, methods for calculating electromagnetic field numerical values are increasingly abundant, annealing methods, genetic methods and the like are mostly used in actual engineering and simulation, and different fitness functions and penalty functions need to be developed when different electromagnetic problems are solved. Therefore, various problems can be solved, various novel design schemes are continuously developed, and the optimal design result is selected and fully utilized, so that the problems of broadband antennas and beam forming of the antennas are solved. In the practical application in communication, navigation field, the miniaturized design of antenna has been the field that has extensive prospect always, and traditional ground equipment array antenna is bulky, and weight is heavy, and the installation is fixed, is not convenient for remove, and in use is not nimble, brings very big inconvenience to system work, so miniaturization, the integrated design becomes the trend of array antenna design. The shaped array antenna comprises two parts of a shaped power division phase shift network and an array antenna. The forming power division phase shift network distributes the electromagnetic waves from the transmitter to each antenna radiation unit, the electromagnetic waves are radiated to a space fixed area along a designed wave beam through space synthesis, and the electromagnetic waves reflected by a space object are received along the same direction; the array antenna functions to focus the radiator in the azimuth plane. At present, the traditional shaped array antenna adopts a form of a shunt power division network and a unit antenna, so that the overall longitudinal size of the antenna is larger. Therefore, how to reasonably design the shaped antenna array to have broadband characteristics and miniaturization is a problem to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a broadband compact shaped array antenna. The invention provides a design scheme of a broadband compact shaped array antenna, which comprises N broadband micro-strip antenna units, an N-branch stripline Wilkinson power division network and an assembly carrier, wherein the broadband compact shaped array antenna is realized by reasonably designing the antenna units, an excitation amplitude phase, a feed network and an interconnection matching structure, and has the advantages of wide frequency band, small occupied three-dimensional space, low side lobe, high gain and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a broadband compact shaped array antenna comprises N broadband microstrip antenna units, an N-branch stripline Wilkinson power division network and an assembly carrier, wherein N is more than or equal to 4;
the broadband microstrip antenna unit is fixed on the assembly carrier and is positioned at the uppermost part of the whole broadband compact shaped array antenna; the N broadband microstrip antenna units adopt a multilayer structure, support columns 3 are arranged among layers of the microstrip antenna units, and the broadband microstrip antenna units of each layer are horizontally arranged at equal intervals;
the one-N-path stripline Wilkinson power division network is fixed on the assembly carrier and is positioned below the N broadband microstrip antenna units; one-N-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network is horizontally arranged and connected with N broadband microstrip antenna units through a coaxial adapter connector 2 and used for providing corresponding excitation amplitude phase for realizing a required shaping effect for a linear array, the one-N-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network adopts a series-parallel combination topological structure design to adapt to the required excitation amplitude phase, the series-parallel combination feed network topological structure is characterized in that two paths of relatively weak signals are synthesized and then synthesized with a third path of relatively strong signals to reduce the power division ratio of each synthesis node, the one-N-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network adopts a multilayer adapter interconnection structure, the multilayer adapter interconnection structure is used for splitting the one-N-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network into a multilayer stripline structure, all layers of striplines are connected through adapter connectors, and each layer of stripline of the one-N-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network consists of an upper dielectric substrate 16 and a lower dielectric substrate 17 The two layers of dielectric substrates 16 and 17 are pressed into a strip line by an upper assembly carrier 4 and a lower assembly carrier 5 which are adjacent, each layer of strip line of the one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power division network is provided with a blind slot 12 on the lower dielectric substrate 17 so as to avoid a welding node and an isolation resistor of a transfer joint, all the layer strip lines of the one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power division network are interconnected through a coaxial transfer joint 2, a first transition matching structure 13 is designed at a total port of the one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power division network, the first transition matching structure 13 comprises a gradient structure 15 from the strip line to the microstrip line and a circle of shielding metal columns 10 around the gradient structure 15, a second transition matching structure 14 is arranged at the transfer joint between all the layer strip lines of the one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power division network, and a second transition matching structure 14 is arranged at the joint of the one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power division network and N broadband microstrip antenna units, the second transition mating structure 14 includes a plurality of shielding metal posts 10 around the transition joint and mating disks 11 at the joint welds.
Preferably, each layer of the strip line of the wilkinson power division network of one-N-way strip lines is fixed by adopting a physical pressing mode, namely, a plurality of metal screws are matched with an assembly carrier to press two layers of dielectric substrates to form the strip lines.
Preferably, the assembly carrier is a multi-layer metal plate structure, a part of the assembly carrier is positioned below the N broadband microstrip antenna units and serves as a support carrier, a part of the assembly carrier is positioned between each layer of strip lines of the N-path strip line Wilkinson power division network and serves as a pressing and support structure, and the assembly carrier is provided with a punching and avoiding groove 9 for installing and avoiding the switching structure.
Preferably, the supporting column 3 is a nylon column.
Preferably, each of the N wideband microstrip antenna elements has a 2-layer structure, and the number N of wideband microstrip antenna elements is 32.
Preferably, the assembly carrier is a two-layer metal plate structure, the upper assembly carrier 4 is located between the wideband microstrip antenna unit and the upper layer part 6 of the stripline wilkinson power splitting network as a support carrier and a pressing structure, and the lower assembly carrier 5 is located between the upper layer part 6 of the stripline wilkinson power splitting network and the lower layer part 7 of the stripline wilkinson power splitting network as a pressing and support structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) by reasonably designing the antenna unit, the excitation amplitude phase, the feed network and the interconnection matching structure, the broadband compact shaped array antenna is realized, and the shaped linear array has the advantages of wide frequency band, small occupied three-dimensional space, low side lobe, high gain and low cost. (2) The antenna units of the shaped linear array are designed by adopting a multilayer structure and are horizontally arranged at equal intervals, the microstrip antenna unit designed by adopting the multilayer structure has the characteristic of broadband, and meanwhile, the amplitude-phase excitation adaptive to the required broadband shaping effect is reasonably obtained by adopting a comprehensive algorithm. (3) The strip line and the multilayer switching interconnection structure are adopted to design a one-to-N strip line Wilkinson power division network as a feed network of the broadband compact shaped array antenna, so that the three-dimensional space occupied by the broadband compact shaped array antenna is effectively reduced, the design cost of the broadband compact shaped array antenna is reduced, the matching condition of each port of the feed network is improved, and the isolation between each port is improved. (4) A strip line-to-microstrip line transition matching structure is designed at a total port of one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power dividing network, a transition matching structure is designed at a switching interface between each layer of strip lines of one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power dividing network, and a transition matching structure is designed at switching interfaces between one-N-path strip line Wilkinson power dividing network and N broadband microstrip antenna units, so that the whole broadband compact shaped array antenna has a good matching effect and insertion loss caused by transition and switching is reduced. (5) The strip lines of each layer of the one-to-N strip line Wilkinson power distribution network are fixed in a physical pressing mode, namely a plurality of metal screws are used and matched with an assembly carrier to tightly press two layers of dielectric substrates to form the strip lines, and the physical pressing mode is adopted instead of a prepreg pressing mode, so that the processing cost can be reduced, the insertion loss caused by prepregs is eliminated, and the influence caused by other uncertain errors is eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a partial front view of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a feeding network topology scheme of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of a feed network of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a partial top view of a feed network for a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a partial bottom view of a feed network of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a diagram of low-frequency forming effect of the broadband compact forming array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a diagram of the intermediate frequency shaping effect of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a high-frequency shaping effect diagram of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
the antenna comprises a broadband microstrip antenna unit 1, a coaxial adapter connector 2, a support column 3, an upper assembly carrier 4, a lower assembly carrier 5, an upper layer part of a strip line Wilkinson power division network 6, a lower layer part of the strip line Wilkinson power division network 7, a metal screw 8, an evasion groove 9, a shielding metal column 10, a matching disc 11, a blind groove 12, a first transition matching structure 13, a second transition matching structure 14, a gradual change structure 15, an upper dielectric substrate 16 and a lower dielectric substrate 17.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 2 shows a front view of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 3 shows a top view of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 4 shows a bottom view of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 5 shows a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, and fig. 6 shows a partial front view of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention.
A broadband compact shaped array antenna is characterized in that: the broadband microstrip antenna comprises 32 broadband microstrip antenna units, a one-branch 32-path stripline Wilkinson power division network and an assembly carrier;
the broadband microstrip antenna unit is fixed on the assembly carrier and is positioned at the uppermost part of the whole broadband compact shaped array antenna; each antenna unit in the 32 broadband microstrip antenna units is of a 2-layer structure, support columns 3 are arranged among layers of the microstrip antenna units, and the broadband microstrip antenna units of each layer are horizontally arranged at equal intervals;
the broadband microstrip antenna unit adopts a double-layer structure design to increase the bandwidth.
The one-path 32-path stripline Wilkinson power division network is fixed on the assembly carrier and is positioned below the 32 broadband microstrip antenna units; a one-32-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network is horizontally arranged and connected with 32 broadband microstrip antenna units through a coaxial adapter connector 2 and used for providing a corresponding excitation amplitude phase for realizing a required shaping effect for a linear array, the one-32-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network adopts a series-parallel combination topological structure design to adapt to the required excitation amplitude phase, the series-parallel combination feed network topological structure has the idea that two paths of relatively weak signals are synthesized and then synthesized with a third path of relatively strong signals so as to reduce the power distribution ratio of each synthesis node, the one-32-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network adopts a multilayer adapter interconnection structure, the multilayer adapter interconnection structure has the idea that one-N-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network is divided into a multilayer stripline structure, all layers of striplines are connected through adapter connectors, and each layer of stripline of the one-32-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network consists of an upper dielectric substrate 16 and a lower dielectric substrate 17 The two layers of dielectric substrates (16, 17) are pressed into strip lines by an upper assembly carrier 4 and a lower assembly carrier 5 which are adjacent, each layer of strip line of the one-branch 32-path strip line Wilkinson power distribution network is provided with a blind slot 12 on the lower dielectric substrate 17 so as to avoid a welding node and an isolation resistor of a transfer joint, all the layer strip lines of the one-branch 32-path strip line Wilkinson power distribution network are interconnected through a coaxial transfer joint 2, a first transition matching structure 13 is designed at a total port of the one-branch N-path strip line Wilkinson power distribution network, the first transition matching structure 13 comprises a gradient structure 15 from one strip line to the microstrip line and a circle of shielding metal columns 10 around the gradient structure 15, a second transition matching structure 14 is arranged at the transfer joint between all the layer strip lines of the one-branch 32-path strip line Wilkinson power distribution network, and the interfaces of 32 broadband microstrip antenna units are provided with second transition matching structures 14, the second transition matching structure 14 comprises a plurality of shielding metal posts 10 around the transition joint and matching disks 11 at the joint welding points.
Each layer of the strip line of the one-branch 32-path strip line Wilkinson power division network is fixed in a physical pressing mode, namely a plurality of metal screws are matched with an assembly carrier to tightly press two layers of dielectric substrates to form the strip line.
The assembly carrier is of a multilayer metal plate structure, part of the assembly carrier is positioned below the 32 broadband microstrip antenna units and serves as a support carrier, part of the assembly carrier is positioned between each layer of strip lines of a one-path 32-line strip line Wilkinson power division network and serves as a pressing and support structure, and the assembly carrier is provided with a punching and avoiding groove 9 for installing and avoiding a switching structure.
The support column 3 is a nylon column.
The assembly carrier is of a two-layer metal plate structure, the upper assembly carrier 4 is used as a support carrier and is positioned between the broadband microstrip antenna unit and an upper layer part 6 of the strip line Wilkinson power distribution network in a pressing structure, and the lower assembly carrier 5 is positioned between the upper layer part 6 of the strip line Wilkinson power distribution network and a lower layer part 7 of the strip line Wilkinson power distribution network in a pressing and supporting structure.
The broadband compact type shaped array antenna is a broadband compact type cosecant square shaped linear array, the relative bandwidth of-10 dB is 20%, and the physical sizes of the length, the width, the height and the length are 1050mm, 23mm and 23 mm.
Fig. 8 shows a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of a feed network of a broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 9 shows a partial top view of the feed network of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 10 shows a partial bottom view of the feed network of the broadband compact shaped array antenna according to the present invention, a 32-way stripline wilkinson power division network is horizontally disposed and connected with 32 broadband microstrip antenna units through coaxial adapter connectors 2 for providing corresponding excitation amplitude phases for realizing a desired shaping effect for a linear array, the present invention first adopts convex optimization to obtain a set of amplitude phase excitation, and then uses the set of excitation as an initial solution of PSO to obtain a final excitation, the convex optimization method is very convenient in directional diagram shaping, a better real object shaped beam can be obtained, and the PSO can limit a ratio of a maximum amplitude to a minimum amplitude not more than 10 times so as to meet feasibility requirements of design and manufacture, the one-32 stripline Wilkinson power dividing network adopts a series-parallel combined topological structure design to adapt to a required excitation amplitude phase, FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a feeding network topological scheme of the broadband compact shaped array antenna, numbers in a rectangular pattern shown in FIG. 7 represent the intensity of each path of signals, numbers in a circular pattern represent synthesis node numbers, numbers near each synthesis node number are signal synthesis ratios of corresponding synthesis nodes, the core idea of the feeding network topological scheme is to limit the synthesis ratio of each synthesis node of the feeding network within two times so as to meet the feasibility requirements of physical design and manufacture, the one-32 stripline Wilkinson power dividing network adopts a two-layer switching interconnection structure to reduce three-dimensional occupied space and design cost, and each layer of striplines of the one-32 stripline Wilkinson power dividing network is fixed in a physical pressing mode, even if a plurality of metal screws 8 are used and matched with an upper assembly carrier 4 and a lower assembly carrier 5 to tightly press two layers of dielectric substrates to form strip lines, each layer of strip lines of the one-part 32-path strip line Wilkinson power division network is provided with an evading groove 9 and a blind groove 12 on the lower half part of the dielectric substrate to avoid welding nodes and isolation resistors of a transfer joint, and an upper layer part 6 and a lower layer part 7 of the one-part 32-path strip line Wilkinson power division network are interconnected through a coaxial transfer joint 2, the invention adopts a strip line and multilayer transfer interconnection structure to design the one-part 32-path strip line Wilkinson power division network as a feed network of the broadband compact shaped array antenna, effectively reduces the three-dimensional space occupied by the broadband compact shaped array antenna, reduces the design cost of the broadband compact shaped array antenna, improves the matching condition of each port of the feed network and simultaneously improves the isolation degree among each port, the stripline-microstrip line transition matching structure 13 is designed at the port of the one-branch 32-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network, the transition matching structure is designed at the transition interface between the stripline lines of the one-branch 32-path stripline Wilkinson power distribution network and the 32 broadband microstrip antenna units, and the transition and matching structure adopts the mode of punching a plurality of shielding metal columns 10 around the transition joint and welding the joint at the welding point, namely a plurality of metal screws are adopted to be matched with an assembly carrier to tightly press two layers of dielectric substrates to form the stripline, the mode of physical pressing is adopted instead of the mode of pressing a prepreg, the processing cost can be reduced, the insertion loss caused by the prepreg is eliminated, and the influence caused by other uncertain errors is eliminated The transition and matching structure enables the whole broadband compact shaped array antenna to have a good matching effect so as to reduce insertion loss caused by transition and switching, and the one-32-path stripline Wilkinson power dividing network is fixed on an assembly carrier through metal screws and is positioned below the whole broadband compact shaped array antenna;
the assembly carrier is of a two-layer metal plate structure, the upper assembly carrier 4 is used as a support carrier and is positioned between the 32 broadband microstrip antenna units and an upper layer part 6 of the stripline Wilkinson power distribution network in a pressing structure, the lower assembly carrier 5 of the assembly carrier is positioned between the upper layer part 6 of the stripline Wilkinson power distribution network and a lower layer part 7 of the stripline Wilkinson power distribution network in a pressing and supporting structure, and the assembly carrier is provided with a punching and grooving structure for installing and avoiding a switching structure;
fig. 11 shows a low-frequency forming effect diagram of the broadband compact forming array antenna, fig. 12 shows a medium-frequency forming effect diagram of the broadband compact forming array antenna, fig. 13 shows a high-frequency forming effect diagram of the broadband compact forming array antenna, and an antenna unit, an excitation amplitude phase, a feed network and an interconnection matching structure are reasonably designed to realize a broadband compact cosecant square forming linear array, which has the advantages of wide frequency band, small three-dimensional space occupation, low side lobe, high gain and low cost.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN114552169B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | A construction method of a broadband curved surface conformal radio frequency functional circuit component |
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