CN110813211A - Microreactor and method of making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fine chemicals, and discloses a micro-reactor, which comprises a micro-reactor body, a micro-channel is opened inside the micro-reactor body, the micro-channel has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the bottom wall of the micro-channel is on the bottom wall of the micro-channel. Embedded with an accommodating layer made of porous material, the accommodating layer can well accommodate the solid particles generated by the reaction, so as to avoid blockage of the microchannels and prevent the solid particles from being mixed into the final outflow fluid. , the catalyst can be placed in the accommodating layer in advance, which can improve the chemical reaction rate; the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the above-mentioned micro-reactor, the above-mentioned micro-reactor is prepared by 3D printing, and the 3D printing technology is used to quickly construct a three-dimensional structure. The metal microreactor is easy to operate, fast and easy to industrialize.

Description

Microreactor and method of making the same

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fine chemicals, in particular to a microreactor and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background technique

The traditional tank-type mixing reactor is usually composed of the tank body, heat transfer, transmission, stirring and sealing, etc., and its volume is huge and the amount of raw materials added at one time is large. Under normal circumstances, due to the large amount of one-time raw materials added, and the added materials include flammable, explosive, poisonous, corrosive media, etc., which will endanger personal and property safety to varying degrees, so the reactor is a kind of great danger. Sexual chemical equipment. According to statistics, there are more than 40 major safety accidents related to chemical reactors in China every year. In addition, due to the large addition of one-time raw materials, the reaction is difficult to precisely control, which will affect the product quality. Therefore, an efficient and safe special mixing device is urgently needed to replace the traditional tank-type mixing reaction device. The greening and sustainable development of fine chemicals urgently require chemists to develop and use efficient synthetic hybrid reaction devices and unique synthetic routes, so as to maximize the use of raw materials, resources and energy, and reduce or completely eliminate the generation and emission of by-products , so as to reduce the production cost of products, improve the market competitiveness of products, and achieve the goal of structural transformation of fine chemical production, that is, "saving, clean, and safe".

A microchannel reactor is a three-dimensional structural unit that can be used for chemical reactions and is fabricated from a solid substrate by means of special microfabrication techniques. Usually refers to a reactor with a fluid microchannel equivalent diameter of several micrometers or hundreds of micrometers. In such a narrow fluid microchannel, the thickness of the moving boundary layer is greatly reduced, and the average heat and mass diffusion distances are greatly shortened, making the microchannels. The chemical reactions within can take advantage of the inherent properties of fast surface reaction kinetics. Compared with traditional chemical reactors, the main advantage of microchannel reactors is that the ratio of surface area to volume is high. The increase in specific surface area can not only enhance heat transfer, but also enhance the reaction process; in addition, the thermal conductivity of microchannel reactors is also higher. The traditional heat exchanger is much higher, and the high heat exchange efficiency enables the reaction to be carried out isothermally; in the microchannel reactor, heat transfer and mass transfer are simultaneously improved, and the fluid in the microchannel is laminar, so process parameters, such as The temperature, pressure, residence time and flow rate are easy to control; in addition, the microchannel reactor is a separate reaction system, and the amplification of the reactor is simply to stack the microchannel reactors in parallel, and there is no amplification effect in the industrialization of the reactor.

At present, there have been many designs and manufactures for microchannel reactors in China. The designed microchannel reactors do have more advantages than reactors, but the existing microchannel reactors have the following shortcomings: 1. After two or more reaction fluids are introduced into the existing microchannel reactor, the reaction is often accompanied by solid particle products, which can easily block the reaction microchannels, and the solid particles are often mixed into the final output reaction. 2. Part of the reaction needs to add catalyst, and the microchannel size of the existing microchannel reactor is small, and it is not easy to add catalyst, thus affecting its application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a microreactor capable of containing solid particle products and catalysts, avoiding blockage of microchannels and mixing of solid particle products into the final outflow fluid.

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a microreactor, comprising a microreactor body, a microchannel is opened inside the microreactor body, and the microchannel has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, so An accommodation layer made of porous material is embedded on the bottom wall of the microchannel.

As a preferred solution, the microchannel as a whole is S-shaped or wave-shaped or U-shaped or zig-zag or spiral.

As a preferred solution, the cross section of the microchannel is circular or elliptical, triangular or polygonal.

As a preferred solution, the microchannel has at least two liquid inlets.

As a preferred solution, the inner diameter of the microchannel is 0.5mm-10mm.

As a preferred solution, the accommodating layer has a thickness of 0.3-10 mm and a width of 0.3-10 mm.

As a preferred solution, the accommodating layer extends along the direction of the microchannel, the distance between the front end of the accommodating layer and the liquid outlet, and the distance between the rear end of the accommodating layer and the liquid inlet The distance is 1mm-10mm.

As a preferred solution, the microreactor body is made of metal material, ceramic material or glass material.

For the same purpose, the second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned microreactor, wherein the microreactor is formed by 3D printing.

As a preferred solution, the 3D printing includes laser 3D printing, electron beam 3D printing, binder extrusion 3D printing and hot extrusion 3D printing.

Compared with the prior art, a microreactor according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The microreactor of the embodiment of the present invention includes a microreactor body, a microchannel is opened inside the microreactor body, the microchannel has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the bottom wall of the microchannel is embedded with a porous material. Accommodating layer; 1. When using the microreactor for chemical reaction, when the reaction is accompanied by solid particle products, the accommodating layer at the bottom of the microchannel can well accommodate the generated solid particles, so as to avoid blockage of the microchannel and avoid Solid particles are mixed into the final outgoing fluid. Moreover, the accommodating layer made of porous material is conducive to uniformly mixing the incoming fluid reactants to make them fully react; 2. For reactions where catalysts are added for special needs, the catalysts can be placed in the accommodating chamber of the microreactor in advance. layer, so that the chemical reaction can be carried out more quickly and efficiently.

The use of the microreactor can make the fluid mixing reaction in the chemical industry more efficient, safe and environmentally friendly, and the manufacturing method of the microchannel reactor with this structure is simple and mature, which is of great significance to the development of the chemical industry.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional schematic diagram of the microchannel of a kind of microreactor of the embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a microchannel of a microreactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, the body of the microreactor; 2, the microchannel; 3, the accommodating layer; 4, the liquid inlet; 5, the liquid outlet.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", etc. are used in the present invention to indicate The orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation or be constructed in a specific orientation. and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used in the present invention to describe various information, but these information should not be limited to these terms, which are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the first aspect of the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a microreactor, including a microreactor body 1, and a microchannel 2 is opened inside the microreactor body 1, and the microchannel 2 has The liquid inlet 4 and the liquid outlet 5, and the bottom wall of the microchannel 2 are embedded with a accommodating layer 3 made of porous material.

Based on the above technical solution, a microreactor is provided in this embodiment. A microchannel 2 is opened inside the microreactor body 1. The microchannel 2 has a liquid inlet 4 and a liquid outlet 5. The bottom wall of the microchannel 2 is embedded There is a containment layer 3 made of porous material, and the microreactor is used to carry out chemical reactions. When the reaction is accompanied by solid particle products, the containment layer 3 made of porous material at the bottom of the microchannel 2 can well contain the generated particles. Solid particles can be avoided to block the microchannel 2 and the solid particles can be prevented from being mixed into the final outflow fluid. For the reaction that needs to add a catalyst, the catalyst can be placed in the accommodating layer 3 in advance, which can improve the chemical reaction rate.

Preferably, the microchannel 2 is generally S-shaped, wave-shaped, U-shaped, zigzag-shaped or spiral-shaped. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the microchannel 2 is overall S-shaped, and the microreactor of this structure has a high surface area to volume ratio, which can strengthen the reaction process, and has high thermal conductivity, so that the reaction can be carried out at an isothermal temperature, and heat transfer can be performed. and mass transfer are good.

Exemplarily, the body of the microreactor is in a shape matching the shape of the microchannel 2, and specifically, it can be an S shape, a wave shape, a U shape, a zigzag shape, a spiral shape, or the like.

Preferably, the cross section of the microchannel 2 is circular or oval, triangular or polygonal. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the cross section of the microchannel 2 is circular, and the fluid can react in the microchannel 2 and finally flow out smoothly.

Preferably, the microchannel 2 has at least two liquid inlets 4 . Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the microchannel 2 has two liquid inlets 4. It should be noted that the number of the liquid inlets 4 of the microchannel 2 is the same as the number of the types of reactant fluids.

As shown in FIG. 2 , preferably, the inner diameter of the microchannel 2 is R, and R is equal to 0.5mm-10mm. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the inner diameter R of the microchannel 2 is 3 mm. In the narrow microchannel 2, the thickness of the moving boundary layer is greatly reduced, and the average heat and mass diffusion distances are greatly shortened, so that the inner diameter of the microchannel 2 is greatly reduced. The chemical reaction of the chemical reaction can take advantage of the inherent characteristics of fast surface reaction kinetics, and the reaction is more efficient.

Preferably, the thickness of the accommodating layer 3 is H, and H is equal to 0.3-10 mm, and the width is B, and B is equal to 0.3-10 mm. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the thickness H of the accommodating layer 3 is 0.5 mm, and the width B is 2 mm. The accommodating layer 3 is all embedded in the bottom wall of the microchannel 2 , and the connection with the microchannel 2 is firmer.

Preferably, the accommodating layer 3 extends along the direction of the microchannel 2 , and the distance between the front end of the accommodating layer 3 and the liquid outlet 5 and the distance between the rear end of the accommodating layer 3 and the liquid inlet 4 are both 1mm-10mm . Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the distance between the front end of the accommodating layer 3 and the liquid outlet 5 and the distance between the rear end of the accommodating layer 3 and the liquid inlet 4 are both 3 mm, which is convenient for the fluid reactant to enter and exit. Microreactor body 1.

Preferably, the porous material has pores in the form of uniform twigs or pores or honeycombs. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the porous material has uniform twig-like pores, which can well accommodate the generated solid particles, and facilitate the uniform mixing of the fluid reactants to fully react.

Preferably, the microreactor body 1 is made of metal material, ceramic material or glass material with anti-corrosion function. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the micro-reactor body 1 is made of a metal material with an anti-corrosion function, which can prevent the micro-reactor body from being corroded, and prevent the reactants from being disturbed and polluted.

Preferably, the inner wall of the microchannel 2 can be a smooth structure or a textured structure.

Preferably, when using the microreactor for chemical reaction, a plurality of microreactor bodies 1 can be connected in series or in parallel, which can be flexibly selected according to different reaction requirements.

A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned microreactor, where the above-mentioned microreactor is prepared by 3D printing. Through 3D printing technology, microreactors with three-dimensional structure metal materials can be quickly constructed, which is easy to operate, fast and easy to industrialize.

Preferably, the 3D printing includes laser 3D printing or electron beam 3D printing or binder extrusion 3D printing or hot extrusion 3D printing. The 3D printing technology can print complex microchannel 2 structures with higher fineness and is suitable for Fabrication of three-dimensional microchannel reactors with complex structures.

To sum up, the embodiment of the present invention provides a microreactor. The microreactor body 1 is provided with a microchannel 2 inside, and the bottom wall of the microchannel 2 is embedded with an accommodating layer 3 made of porous material. The accommodating layer 3 can well accommodate the solid particles generated by the reaction in the microchannel 2, so as to avoid clogging of the microchannel 2 and mixing of the solid particles into the final outflow fluid, and the accommodating layer 3 can also accommodate the catalyst. When the microreactor is used, the reaction can be carried out quickly, safely and efficiently, continuous production can be achieved, and industrial scale-up can be easily realized.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and replacements can be made. These improvements and replacements It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a micro-reactor, its characterized in that includes the micro-reactor body, the micro-channel has been seted up to micro-reactor body inside, the micro-channel has inlet and liquid outlet, inlay on the diapire of micro-channel and be equipped with the layer of holding of making by porous material.

2. The microreactor according to claim 1, wherein the microchannel is entirely S-shaped or waved or U-shaped or zigzag-shaped or spiral-shaped.

3. The microreactor of claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the microchannel is circular or elliptical or triangular or polygonal.

4. The microreactor of claim 1, wherein said microchannel has at least two of said liquid inlets.

5. The microreactor of claim 3, wherein the microchannel has an internal diameter of 0.5mm to 10 mm.

6. The microreactor of claim 5, wherein said containment layer has a thickness of 0.3-10 mm and a width of 0.3-10 mm.

7. The microreactor of claim 5, wherein the containment layer extends in the direction of the microchannel, and the distance between the front end of the containment layer and the liquid outlet and the distance between the rear end of the containment layer and the liquid inlet are each 1mm to 10 mm.

8. The microreactor according to claim 1, wherein said microreactor body is made of metallic material or ceramic material or glass material.

9. A method of manufacturing a microreactor according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the microreactor is shaped by 3D printing.

10. The method of manufacturing a microreactor according to claim 9, wherein said 3D printing comprises laser 3D printing, electron beam 3D printing, adhesive extrusion 3D printing and thermal extrusion 3D printing.

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