CN110812529B - 一种可注射水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种可注射水凝胶及其制备方法,制备方法包括以下步骤:将生物组织依次进行细胞破碎、第一次蛋白酶解、清洗、脱脂处理和脱细胞处理,得脱细胞基质,将脱细胞基质冻干以备用;将冻干的脱细胞基质进行第二次蛋白酶解,得6‑40mg/mL可溶于水的细胞外基质蛋白溶液;将细胞外基质蛋白溶液与10‑100mg/ml含有琥珀酰亚胺基团、和/或巯基基团、和/或马来酰亚胺基团、和/或氨基基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇进行交联,得可注射水凝胶。可注射水凝胶由上述方法制成。本发明提供的制备方法简单,所制备的水凝胶不仅具有胶原蛋白的生物诱导性,而且具有高分子材料降解速率可控的性质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料及组织工程技术领域,尤其涉及一种用作体内生物支架的可注射水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
组织工程(tissue engineering),是一门以细胞生物学和材料科学相结合,进行体外或体内构建组织或器官的新兴学科。经典的组织工程方法需要使用活细胞和细胞培养的基本支架来模仿并替换组织的天然结构,同时为细胞提供临时功能支持。
众所周知,绝大多数哺乳类动物细胞之间存在成分复杂的细胞外基质(ECM),它是由动物细胞合成并分泌到胞外、分布在细胞表面或细胞之间的大分子,细胞外基质的组成可分为三大类:①糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycans)、蛋白聚糖(proteoglycan),它们能够形成水性的胶状物,在这种胶状物中包埋有许多其它的基质成分;②结构蛋白,如胶原和弹性蛋白,它们赋予细胞外基质一定的强度和韧性;③粘着蛋白(adhesive),又称纤维连接蛋白、纤粘蛋白,它们促使细胞同基质结合。ECM以胶原和蛋白聚糖为基本骨架在细胞表面形成纤维网状复合物,这种复合物通过纤粘连蛋白或层粘连蛋白以及其他的连接分子直接与细胞表面受体连接,或附着到受体上,形成细胞三维生长的微环境,支持并连接组织结构、调节组织的发生和细胞的生理活动。细胞外基质决定结缔组织的特性,并对一些动物组织的细胞具有重要作用,它不仅可以提供嵌入细胞的物理支架,还能提供许多细胞过程,例如细胞的生长、迁移、分化、存活和体内的平衡以及形态的发生。
因此,在医学再生领域中,ECM或者来源于ECM的胶原蛋白等经常被用作生物支架材料,但是在实际操作中,当将ECM蛋白作为可注射剂型时,往往需要事先溶解ECM蛋白,然后再通过胶原上的自带功能基团形成水凝胶。然而,在溶解过程中,ECM蛋白的三维矩阵交联网络会遭到破坏,并且植入体内还存在各种能够降解ECM蛋白成分的活性酶成分,如基质金属蛋白酶和组织蛋白酶等,因此,注射到植入体内的纯细胞外基质在短时间内会被迅速降解,且其降解速率不可控,因而其作为体内生物支架的功能会受到限制。
为了克服这些限制,目前已经开发出利用具有固体自由形式的合成材料(例如聚合物)制造内部血管结构的新方法,聚乙二醇(PEG)是一种生物可溶性良好的多聚化合物,广泛应用于医药、食品和工业领域,PEG具有良好的亲水性,在医药领域中,蛋白的PEG化,可以增加抗体或重组蛋白的水溶性,同时降低这些蛋白药物在血液中的清除速率,合成线性结构,除此之外,还可以合成多臂支链结构,并对多臂支链结构进行不同的官能团改造修饰,使PEG形成各种自交联水凝胶,然而单纯的PEG多聚材料水凝胶缺乏良好的生物诱导性,不能够有效的诱导机体组织再生。
目前正在开发一系列基于胶原支架的组织工程产品,即基于胶原蛋白的生物材料形成纤维、薄膜、片材、海绵和原纤维的分散体,这些形式的生物材料可潜在地用作组织工程支架,用于修复或增强身体组织,但在许多实际组织工程应用中,生物支架系统中的重构蛋白水凝胶的结构和蛋白水解易感性与天然组织相比仍然有很多不足之处,除此之外,现有技术中基于共价交联的方法改善胶原凝胶物理性质的方法操作比较复杂,需要先对天然蛋白进行硫醇化操作,而且在交联引发过程中还需要进行紫外照射或额外的引发剂和光引发剂来诱导。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中所述的缺陷,从而提供一种可注射水凝胶及其制备方法,本发明的制备方法简单,且不仅能使所制备的水凝胶具有胶原蛋白的生物诱导性,而且具有高分子材料降解速率可控的性质。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将生物组织依次进行细胞破碎、第一次蛋白酶解、清洗、脱脂处理和脱细胞处理,得脱细胞基质,将所述脱细胞基质冻干以备用;
将冻干的脱细胞基质进行第二次蛋白酶解,得6-40mg/mL可溶于水的细胞外基质蛋白溶液;
将所述细胞外基质蛋白溶液与10-100mg/ml含有琥珀酰亚胺基团、和/或巯基基团、和/或马来酰亚胺基团、和/或氨基基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇进行交联,得可注射水凝胶,其中,所述多臂修饰性聚乙二醇的分子量为10-30KD,多臂个数为3-8个。
在一个实施例中,所述生物组织为脂肪组织。
在一个实施例中,所述细胞破碎为:先将所述生物组织进行反复冻融,然后置入高渗液体中进行润胀破碎。
在一个实施例中,所述冻融的次数为3-6次,所述润胀破碎为先用0.4-0.6mol/L的NaCl浸泡4h以上,然后再用0.9-1.1mol/L的NaCl浸泡4h以上。
在一个实施例中,所述第一次蛋白酶解为用0.24-0.26wt%的胰蛋白酶溶液在35-38℃消化3-10小时,所述脱脂处理为用异丙醇处理12-24h。
在一个实施例中,所述脱细胞处理为先用0.9-1.1wt%的十二烷基硫酸钠处理2-24h,然后用0.9-1.1%的聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚处理48h以上。
在一个实施例中,所述冻干的温度为零下80℃,压力为0.038-0.042mbar,时间为36h以上。
在一个实施例中,所述第二次蛋白酶解为采用0.5-5mg/mL的胃蛋白酶在酸性环境下酶解12-24h,然后对所述胃蛋白酶进行灭活,得到细胞外基质蛋白溶液。
在一个实施例中,所述交联为在25-38℃的温度下反应20-60min。
一种可注射水凝胶,由上述方法制备而成。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明针对现有技术的缺陷,将含有琥珀酰亚胺基团、和/或巯基基团、和/或马来酰亚胺基团、和/或氨基基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇与细胞外基质蛋白的氨基等官能团进行自发结合形成新的含有高分子材料和细胞外基质溶解蛋白的可注射三维结构水凝胶材料。本发明的制备方法能够将细胞外基质溶解蛋白重新交联形成三维矩阵结构,具体是通过将脂肪等生物组织进行脱细胞处理后,得到组织脱细胞基质,然后将细胞外基质通过酶解,得到可溶解的细胞外基质蛋白,经过上述操作得到的细胞外基质蛋白主要以胶原蛋白为主,其含有大量的半胱氨酸(组织特异性),因此能够提供大量的氨基和巯基进而可自发的与多臂修饰性聚乙二醇的官能团进行结合。该方法不仅使所制备的高分子水凝胶具有胶原蛋白的生物诱导性而且还具有高分子材料降解速率可控的性质。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1-3中ECM溶解胶原蛋白与含有一种反应官能团的PEG共价交联示意图;
图2为本发明实施例4-6中ECM溶解胶原蛋白与含有多种反应官能团的PEG共价交联示意图;
图3为本发明实验结果中各个检测对象的红外光谱谱图;
图4为本发明实施例5所提供的可注射水凝胶的扫描电镜图;
图5为本发明实施例1和实施例5的降解速率对比图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
此外,下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例1
一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取脂肪组织反复冻融3次,然后置入0.4mol/L的NaCl高渗液体中浸泡4h,再用0.9mol/L的NaCl浸泡4h,使脂肪细胞破碎;接着用0.24wt%的胰蛋白酶溶液在35℃的温度下消化3小时,并用去离子水冲洗3h,冲洗后用异丙醇处理12h以脱去脂肪,再依次用0.9wt%的十二烷基硫酸钠处理2h,用0.9%的聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚处理48h,以进行脱细胞处理,得脱细胞基质,将所述脱细胞基质在零下80℃,0.038mbar的条件下冻干36h以备用;
(2)将冻干的脱细胞基质采用0.5mg/mL的胃蛋白酶在酸性环境下酶解12h,然后对所述胃蛋白酶进行灭活,得6mg/mL的细胞外基质蛋白溶液以备用;
(3)将细胞外基质蛋白溶液与10mg/ml含有琥珀酰亚胺基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇(PEG-NHS)在25℃的温度下交联反应20min,其中,所述多臂修饰性聚乙二醇的分子量为10KD,多臂个数为3个,得可注射水凝胶。
实施例2
如图1所示,一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取脂肪组织反复冻融4次,然后置入0.5mol/L的NaCl高渗液体中浸泡4h,再用1mol/L的NaCl浸泡4h,使脂肪细胞破碎;接着用0.25t%的胰蛋白酶溶液在37℃的温度下消化6小时,并用去离子水冲洗4h,冲洗后用异丙醇处理18h以脱去脂肪,再依次用1wt%的十二烷基硫酸钠处理18h,用1%的聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚处理48h,以进行脱细胞处理,得脱细胞基质,将所述脱细胞基质在零下80℃,0.04mbar的条件下冻干36h以备用;
(2)将冻干的脱细胞基质采用3mg/mL的胃蛋白酶在酸性环境下酶解18h,然后对所述胃蛋白酶进行灭活,得20mg/mL的细胞外基质蛋白溶液以备用;
(3)将细胞外基质蛋白溶液与60mg/ml含有巯基基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇(PEG-SH)在37℃的温度下交联反应40min,其中,所述多臂修饰性聚乙二醇的分子量为20KD,多臂个数为6个,得可注射水凝胶。
实施例3
一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取脂肪组织反复冻融6次,然后置入0.6mol/L的NaCl高渗液体中浸泡4h以上,再用1.1mol/L的NaCl浸泡5h,使脂肪细胞破碎;接着用0.26wt%的胰蛋白酶溶液在38℃的温度下消化10小时,并用去离子水冲洗4h,冲洗后用异丙醇处理24h以脱去脂肪,再依次用1.1wt%的十二烷基硫酸钠处理24h,用1.1%的聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚处理50h,以进行脱细胞处理,得脱细胞基质,将所述脱细胞基质在零下80℃,0.042mbar的条件下冻干38h以备用;
(2)将冻干的脱细胞基质采用5mg/mL的胃蛋白酶在酸性环境下酶解24h,然后对所述胃蛋白酶进行灭活,得40mg/mL的细胞外基质蛋白溶液以备用;
(3)将细胞外基质蛋白溶液与100mg/ml含有马来酰亚胺基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇(PEG-Mal)在38℃的温度下交联反应60min,其中,所述多臂修饰性聚乙二醇的分子量为30KD,多臂个数为8个,得可注射水凝胶。
实施例4
一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,与实施例2不同的是:
将所述细胞外基质蛋白溶液与含有琥珀酰亚胺基团(NHS)、巯基基团(SH)、氨基基团(NH2)以及马来酰亚胺基团(Mal)四种基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇进行交联反应,得可注射水凝胶。
实施例5
一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,与实施例2不同的是:
将细胞外基质蛋白溶液与含有琥珀酰亚胺基团(NHS)以及氨基基团(NH2)两种基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇进行交联反应,得可注射水凝胶。
实施例6
如图2所示,一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,与实施例2不同的是:
将所述细胞外基质蛋白溶液与含有巯基基团(SH)以及马来酰亚胺基团(Mal)的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇进行交联反应,得可注射水凝胶;
实验结果:
以单纯的PEG高分子材料凝胶和胶原凝胶为对比例,将对比例、实施例2和实施例6分别进行检测,同时指定实施例1为策略一,实施例5为策略二,结果如图3中红外光谱谱图所示,相对于对比例中单纯的PEG高分子材料凝胶或者胶原凝胶来说,策略一和策略二在箭头所示处均形成了更明显的化学键结合。
如图4的扫描电镜所示,可以看出策略二的高分子水凝胶能够形成明显的多孔隙材料结构。如图5所示,在有血清存在的情况,浸泡24小时,发现由策略一合成的可注射水凝胶被明显降解成液体状态,而有策略二合成的可注射水凝胶降解速率更慢。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种可注射水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将生物组织依次进行细胞破碎、第一次蛋白酶解、清洗、脱脂处理和脱细胞处理,得脱细胞基质,将所述脱细胞基质冻干以备用;
将冻干的脱细胞基质进行第二次蛋白酶解,得6-40mg/mL可溶于水的细胞外基质蛋白溶液;所述细胞外基质蛋白溶液中的细胞外基质蛋白以胶原蛋白为主,其含有大量的半胱氨酸;
将所述细胞外基质蛋白溶液与10-100mg/mL含有琥珀酰亚胺基团、和/或巯基基团、和/或马来酰亚胺基团、和/或氨基基团的多臂修饰性聚乙二醇进行交联,得可注射水凝胶,其中,所述多臂修饰性聚乙二醇的分子量为10-30KD,多臂个数为3-8个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述生物组织为脂肪组织。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述细胞破碎为:先将所述生物组织进行反复冻融,然后置入高渗液体中进行润胀破碎。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冻融的次数为3-6次,所述润胀破碎为先用0.4-0.6mol/L的NaCl浸泡4h以上,然后再用0.9-1.1mol/L的NaCl浸泡4h以上。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一次蛋白酶解为用0.24-0.26wt%的胰蛋白酶溶液在35-38℃消化3-10小时,所述脱脂处理为用异丙醇处理12-24h。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述脱细胞处理为先用0.9-1.1wt%的十二烷基硫酸钠处理2-24h,然后用0.9-1.1%的聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚处理48h以上。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冻干的温度为零下80℃,压力为0.038-0.042mbar,时间为36h以上。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二次蛋白酶解为采用0.5-5mg/mL的胃蛋白酶在酸性环境下酶解12-24h,然后对所述胃蛋白酶进行灭活,得到细胞外基质蛋白溶液。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联为在25-38℃的温度下反应20-60min。
10.一种可注射水凝胶,由如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的制备方法制成。
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Effective date of registration: 20230911 Address after: Room 103 and 104, B1 building, phase I, Changsha E center, No.18 Xiangtai Road, Liuyang economic and Technological Development Zone, Changsha, Hunan 410300 Patentee after: Hunan Meibai biomedical Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200000 room 402, No. 13, Lane 2555, Siping Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai Patentee before: Yi Xiaoyu |