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CN110817861A - Preparation method of nano graphite - Google Patents

Preparation method of nano graphite Download PDF

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CN110817861A
CN110817861A CN201811064909.8A CN201811064909A CN110817861A CN 110817861 A CN110817861 A CN 110817861A CN 201811064909 A CN201811064909 A CN 201811064909A CN 110817861 A CN110817861 A CN 110817861A
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graphite
lithium
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陆彦潼
宋远志
张莉莉
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Huaiyin Normal University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

本发明公布了一种制备纳米石墨的方法,在氩气或氮气中,将真空干燥后的石墨或将石墨粉‑粘胶剂压片作为电极的负极,将活泼金属片作为正极,以活泼金属盐作为电解液,采用电解的方法将活泼金属离子注入石墨层中并还原为金属,然后将电解后的石墨投入到无机物或有机物等溶剂中反应产生氢气,石墨层中的活泼金属瞬间产生的强大的氢气压力将石墨爆开,获得结构完美的纳米石墨。The invention discloses a method for preparing nano-graphite. Salt is used as the electrolyte, and the active metal ions are injected into the graphite layer by electrolysis and reduced to metal, and then the electrolyzed graphite is put into a solvent such as inorganic or organic substances to react to generate hydrogen, and the active metal in the graphite layer is instantly generated. The powerful hydrogen pressure explodes the graphite to obtain nano-graphite with perfect structure.

Description

一种纳米石墨的制备方法A kind of preparation method of nano graphite

技术领域technical field

本发明属于材料制备领域。The invention belongs to the field of material preparation.

背景技术Background technique

纳米石墨具有高润滑、高导电性能、高吸附性及催化性能,有着非常广泛的应用领域:如在电子信息的显像管、钢铁润滑、防腐涂料、橡胶、玻璃钢、电池、工业润滑油、粉末冶金、石墨纸、石墨密封等领域广泛应用。其制备方法主要有:(1)机械研磨法机械研磨法;(2)爆轰裂解法;(3)超声波粉碎法;(4)电化学法;(5)脉冲激光液相沉积法;(6)化学气相沉淀法;(7)化学合成法。电化学法包括电化学插层法和电化学电解法,电化学插层法采用的原材料为石墨电极,通过电解使得阴阳离子向正负电极方向迁移,依靠电极引力作用使离子插入到石墨电极层间,石墨层间力作用力减弱,持续一段时间后变换电极方向,离子开始反向移动,破坏了石墨层间结构,得到了纳米石墨薄片。电化学电解法采用固体碳电极为正极,在浸入电解质溶液中通电后,当能量高于碳原子间化学键力并具备纳米尺度范围碳颗粒表面能时,碳原子将会从正极板上脱离形成纳米颗粒,当纳米颗粒吸附电解质中的负离子,脱离的纳米粒子会带有负电,因此纳米颗粒之间相互排斥且不团聚,可以形成稳定的纳米石墨碳溶胶,后续可通过干燥技术得到纳米石墨。Nano-graphite has high lubricity, high conductivity, high adsorption and catalytic performance, and has a very wide range of applications: such as in electronic information picture tubes, steel lubrication, anti-corrosion coatings, rubber, glass fiber reinforced plastic, batteries, industrial lubricants, powder metallurgy, Graphite paper, graphite seal and other fields are widely used. The preparation methods mainly include: (1) mechanical grinding method; (2) detonation cracking method; (3) ultrasonic pulverization method; (4) electrochemical method; (5) pulsed laser liquid deposition method; (6) ) chemical vapor deposition method; (7) chemical synthesis method. Electrochemical methods include electrochemical intercalation method and electrochemical electrolysis method. The raw material used in electrochemical intercalation method is graphite electrode. Through electrolysis, anions and cations migrate to the direction of positive and negative electrodes, and ions are inserted into the graphite electrode layer by means of electrode attraction. During this time, the graphite interlayer force weakened, and after a period of time, the direction of the electrode was changed, and the ions began to move in the opposite direction, destroying the graphite interlayer structure and obtaining nanographite flakes. The electrochemical electrolysis method uses a solid carbon electrode as the positive electrode. After being immersed in an electrolyte solution and electrified, when the energy is higher than the chemical bond force between carbon atoms and has the surface energy of carbon particles in the nanoscale range, the carbon atoms will be separated from the positive electrode plate to form nanometers. Particles, when the nanoparticles adsorb negative ions in the electrolyte, the detached nanoparticles will be negatively charged, so the nanoparticles repel each other and do not agglomerate, and a stable nanographitic carbon sol can be formed, and the nanographite can be obtained by drying technology later.

本发明采用电化学方法将活泼金属离子注入石墨层中并还原为金属,石墨层中的活泼金属与有机物或无机物反应产生高压氢气,将石墨层爆开,获得纳米石墨。The invention adopts electrochemical method to inject active metal ions into the graphite layer and reduce to metal, the active metal in the graphite layer reacts with organic or inorganic substances to generate high-pressure hydrogen, and the graphite layer is exploded to obtain nano-graphite.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

为了制备纳米石墨,本发明是通过如下技术方案实施的:将石墨粉与水溶性PTFE粘胶剂(90∶10)混合均匀,然后将混匀的石墨压在不锈钢网上,置于40-90℃真空干燥箱中24h,在氩气或氮气手套箱中,以石墨/不锈钢网压片或直接用石墨电极放入用不锈钢或塑料等材料制成的容器中,作为电极的负极;或直接以真空干燥的石墨材料作为负极,将锂片等活泼金属放入作为正极,将1M高氯酸锂等锂盐或其它活泼金属电解质作为电解液(所用溶剂为碳酸酯等有机溶剂)注入上述容器中,并密封,正极和负极分别接直流电源的正极和负极,用较小的恒电流电解电压升至0.1-3V,电解时间约为0.5-96h,然后将电解后的石墨负极投入到无机物或有机物中反应产生氢气,超声反应10min,产物经洗涤,干燥,即得产品。In order to prepare nano-graphite, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: mixing graphite powder and water-soluble PTFE adhesive (90:10) uniformly, then pressing the mixed graphite on a stainless steel mesh, and placing it at 40-90° C. In a vacuum drying box for 24 hours, in an argon or nitrogen glove box, use graphite/stainless steel mesh or directly put graphite electrodes into a container made of stainless steel or plastic as the negative electrode of the electrode; or directly use vacuum The dried graphite material is used as the negative electrode, and the active metal such as lithium sheet is put into the positive electrode, and the lithium salt such as 1M lithium perchlorate or other active metal electrolyte is injected into the above-mentioned container as the electrolyte (the solvent used is an organic solvent such as carbonate), And sealed, the positive and negative electrodes are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the DC power supply, and the electrolysis voltage is raised to 0.1-3V with a small constant current, the electrolysis time is about 0.5-96h, and then the electrolyzed graphite negative electrode is put into the inorganic or organic matter. During the reaction, hydrogen gas was generated, and the ultrasonic reaction was performed for 10 min. The product was washed and dried to obtain the product.

本发明的进一步改进方案为:A further improvement scheme of the present invention is:

1、作为正极的材料主要包括活泼金属锂、钠、钾、钙、镁、钡等活泼金属及其合金。1. The materials used as positive electrodes mainly include active metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium and other active metals and their alloys.

2、所用电解质包括六氟磷酸锂、硝酸锂、高氯酸锂、有机锂等及其钠盐或钾盐等。2. The electrolytes used include lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, organic lithium, etc. and their sodium or potassium salts.

3、所用电解质溶剂为碳酸甲脂、碳酸乙烯脂、碳酸二甲脂等碳酸酯有机溶剂或其它能溶解金属锂盐或钾盐或钠盐等的有机物。3. The electrolyte solvent used is carbonate organic solvents such as methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, or other organic compounds that dissolve metal lithium salts, potassium salts, or sodium salts.

4、所用电解负极材料可以是石墨或以不锈钢网为载体制成的石墨粉与粘胶剂压片。4. The electrolytic negative electrode material used can be graphite or graphite powder and adhesive tablet made of stainless steel mesh as a carrier.

本发明的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1、本发明采用电解的方法将活泼金属离子采用电迁移的方法注入石墨层中并电解还原为金属,活泼的金属经与有机物或无机物反应产生氢气将石墨爆开。制备方法简单,安全,易于操作。1, the present invention adopts the method of electrolysis to inject the active metal ions into the graphite layer by the method of electromigration and electrolytic reduction to metal, and the active metal reacts with organic or inorganic substances to generate hydrogen to explode the graphite. The preparation method is simple, safe and easy to operate.

2、本发明电解电压低,电流小,能耗低,成本低。2. The electrolysis voltage of the present invention is low, the current is small, the energy consumption is low, and the cost is low.

3、本发明所用材料来源广泛,生产过程无污染,环保。3. The materials used in the present invention come from a wide range of sources, and the production process is pollution-free and environmentally friendly.

4、本发明制作的纳米石墨,在生产过程中无副反应,产品纯度高,应用前景广泛。4. The nano-graphite produced by the present invention has no side reaction in the production process, high product purity and wide application prospect.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

1、电解池组装:取0.2g商品石墨与20mg PTFE粘胶剂及0.5ml乙醇混合,调为糊状后压在孔径200目的不锈钢网上,70℃真空干燥24h后作为电解池的负极材料,1M高氯酸锂为电解质(溶剂为1∶1∶1的碳酸甲脂、碳酸乙烯脂、碳酸二甲脂),将厚1mm锂片为正极,组装电解池,并用橡皮塞密封。1. Electrolytic cell assembly: Mix 0.2 g of commercial graphite with 20 mg of PTFE adhesive and 0.5 ml of ethanol, adjust it to a paste, press it on a stainless steel mesh with a pore size of 200 mesh, and use it as the negative electrode material of the electrolytic cell after vacuum drying at 70 °C for 24 hours. Lithium perchlorate is used as electrolyte (solvent is 1:1:1 methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate), a lithium sheet with a thickness of 1 mm is used as positive electrode, an electrolytic cell is assembled, and sealed with a rubber stopper.

2、电解:将电池与直流电源连接后,以10mA恒电流进行电解至电压为0.3V,电解时间约为1h。2. Electrolysis: After the battery is connected to the DC power supply, electrolysis is carried out with a constant current of 10mA until the voltage is 0.3V, and the electrolysis time is about 1h.

3、与试剂反应、分离:将电解池负极放入乙醇溶剂中反应10min,超声10min,分别用水和乙醇洗涤,真空干燥即得产品,纳米石墨按Scherrer公式计算晶粒大小约为26nm。3. Reaction and separation with reagents: put the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell into ethanol solvent for 10min reaction, ultrasonicate for 10min, wash with water and ethanol respectively, and vacuum dry to obtain the product.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1和图2分别是石墨粉原料及所得产品的扫描电镜图(SEM),图3是石墨原料及所得产品的粉术衍射(XRD)(a:石墨粉原料;b:纳米石墨)。Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are respectively the scanning electron microscope image (SEM) of graphite powder raw material and obtained product, Fig. 3 is the powder diffraction (XRD) of graphite raw material and obtained product (a: graphite powder raw material; b: nano-graphite).

Claims (4)

1.为了制备纳米石墨,将40-90℃真空干燥24h的石墨粉及粘胶剂混合物的不锈钢网压片或石墨材料放入用不锈钢或塑料等材料制成的容器中,作为电极的负极,将锂片等活泼金属放入不锈钢或塑料等材料制成的容器中作为正极,将0.5-1.5M高氯酸锂等锂盐或其它活泼金属电解质作为电解液(所用溶剂为碳酸酯等有机溶剂)注入上述容器中,并密封,正极和负极分别接直流电源的正极和负极,用较小的恒电流电解电升至0.1-3V,电解时间约为0.5-96h,然后将电解后的石墨或石墨负极投入到无机物或有机物中反应产生氢气,超声反应10min,产物经洗涤,干燥。1. In order to prepare nano-graphite, put the graphite powder and the stainless steel mesh sheet or graphite material of the mixture of graphite powder and adhesive in vacuum drying at 40-90 °C for 24 hours into a container made of stainless steel or plastic, as the negative electrode of the electrode, Put active metals such as lithium sheets into a container made of stainless steel or plastic as the positive electrode, and use lithium salts such as 0.5-1.5M lithium perchlorate or other active metal electrolytes as the electrolyte (the solvent used is an organic solvent such as carbonate). ) is injected into the above-mentioned container, and sealed, the positive and negative electrodes are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the DC power supply, and the electrolytic electricity is increased to 0.1-3V with a small constant current, and the electrolysis time is about 0.5-96h, and then the electrolyzed graphite or The graphite negative electrode is put into an inorganic or organic substance to react to generate hydrogen, and the ultrasonic reaction is performed for 10 minutes, and the product is washed and dried. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备纳米石墨的制备方法,其特征在于:以石墨或以石墨粉及粘胶剂混合物制成的压片作为电极的负极材料。2. A kind of preparation method of preparing nano-graphite according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the negative electrode material of the electrode is made of graphite or the tablet made with graphite powder and adhesive mixture. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备纳米石墨的制备方法,其特征在于:0.5-1.5M高氯酸锂等锂盐或其它活泼金属电解质作为电解液。3. a kind of preparation method of preparing nano-graphite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: lithium salts such as 0.5-1.5M lithium perchlorate or other active metal electrolytes are used as electrolyte. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备纳米石墨的制备方法,其特征在于:将锂片等活泼金属作为正极材料,作为正极的材料主要包括活泼金属锂、钠、钾、钙、镁、钡等活泼金属及其合金。4. a kind of preparation method of preparing nano-graphite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the active metal such as lithium sheet is used as positive electrode material, and the material as positive electrode mainly comprises active metal lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, Barium and other active metals and their alloys.
CN201811064909.8A 2018-08-08 2018-08-08 Preparation method of nano graphite Pending CN110817861A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113644264A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-11-12 北京理工大学 A kind of modification method of natural graphite negative electrode material

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CN103058174A (en) * 2011-10-19 2013-04-24 杨晓林 Preparation method of graphene
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Application publication date: 20200221