CN110817861A - Preparation method of nano graphite - Google Patents
Preparation method of nano graphite Download PDFInfo
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- CN110817861A CN110817861A CN201811064909.8A CN201811064909A CN110817861A CN 110817861 A CN110817861 A CN 110817861A CN 201811064909 A CN201811064909 A CN 201811064909A CN 110817861 A CN110817861 A CN 110817861A
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 powder metallurgy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
- C01B32/22—Intercalation
- C01B32/225—Expansion; Exfoliation
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- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种制备纳米石墨的方法,在氩气或氮气中,将真空干燥后的石墨或将石墨粉‑粘胶剂压片作为电极的负极,将活泼金属片作为正极,以活泼金属盐作为电解液,采用电解的方法将活泼金属离子注入石墨层中并还原为金属,然后将电解后的石墨投入到无机物或有机物等溶剂中反应产生氢气,石墨层中的活泼金属瞬间产生的强大的氢气压力将石墨爆开,获得结构完美的纳米石墨。The invention discloses a method for preparing nano-graphite. Salt is used as the electrolyte, and the active metal ions are injected into the graphite layer by electrolysis and reduced to metal, and then the electrolyzed graphite is put into a solvent such as inorganic or organic substances to react to generate hydrogen, and the active metal in the graphite layer is instantly generated. The powerful hydrogen pressure explodes the graphite to obtain nano-graphite with perfect structure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于材料制备领域。The invention belongs to the field of material preparation.
背景技术Background technique
纳米石墨具有高润滑、高导电性能、高吸附性及催化性能,有着非常广泛的应用领域:如在电子信息的显像管、钢铁润滑、防腐涂料、橡胶、玻璃钢、电池、工业润滑油、粉末冶金、石墨纸、石墨密封等领域广泛应用。其制备方法主要有:(1)机械研磨法机械研磨法;(2)爆轰裂解法;(3)超声波粉碎法;(4)电化学法;(5)脉冲激光液相沉积法;(6)化学气相沉淀法;(7)化学合成法。电化学法包括电化学插层法和电化学电解法,电化学插层法采用的原材料为石墨电极,通过电解使得阴阳离子向正负电极方向迁移,依靠电极引力作用使离子插入到石墨电极层间,石墨层间力作用力减弱,持续一段时间后变换电极方向,离子开始反向移动,破坏了石墨层间结构,得到了纳米石墨薄片。电化学电解法采用固体碳电极为正极,在浸入电解质溶液中通电后,当能量高于碳原子间化学键力并具备纳米尺度范围碳颗粒表面能时,碳原子将会从正极板上脱离形成纳米颗粒,当纳米颗粒吸附电解质中的负离子,脱离的纳米粒子会带有负电,因此纳米颗粒之间相互排斥且不团聚,可以形成稳定的纳米石墨碳溶胶,后续可通过干燥技术得到纳米石墨。Nano-graphite has high lubricity, high conductivity, high adsorption and catalytic performance, and has a very wide range of applications: such as in electronic information picture tubes, steel lubrication, anti-corrosion coatings, rubber, glass fiber reinforced plastic, batteries, industrial lubricants, powder metallurgy, Graphite paper, graphite seal and other fields are widely used. The preparation methods mainly include: (1) mechanical grinding method; (2) detonation cracking method; (3) ultrasonic pulverization method; (4) electrochemical method; (5) pulsed laser liquid deposition method; (6) ) chemical vapor deposition method; (7) chemical synthesis method. Electrochemical methods include electrochemical intercalation method and electrochemical electrolysis method. The raw material used in electrochemical intercalation method is graphite electrode. Through electrolysis, anions and cations migrate to the direction of positive and negative electrodes, and ions are inserted into the graphite electrode layer by means of electrode attraction. During this time, the graphite interlayer force weakened, and after a period of time, the direction of the electrode was changed, and the ions began to move in the opposite direction, destroying the graphite interlayer structure and obtaining nanographite flakes. The electrochemical electrolysis method uses a solid carbon electrode as the positive electrode. After being immersed in an electrolyte solution and electrified, when the energy is higher than the chemical bond force between carbon atoms and has the surface energy of carbon particles in the nanoscale range, the carbon atoms will be separated from the positive electrode plate to form nanometers. Particles, when the nanoparticles adsorb negative ions in the electrolyte, the detached nanoparticles will be negatively charged, so the nanoparticles repel each other and do not agglomerate, and a stable nanographitic carbon sol can be formed, and the nanographite can be obtained by drying technology later.
本发明采用电化学方法将活泼金属离子注入石墨层中并还原为金属,石墨层中的活泼金属与有机物或无机物反应产生高压氢气,将石墨层爆开,获得纳米石墨。The invention adopts electrochemical method to inject active metal ions into the graphite layer and reduce to metal, the active metal in the graphite layer reacts with organic or inorganic substances to generate high-pressure hydrogen, and the graphite layer is exploded to obtain nano-graphite.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了制备纳米石墨,本发明是通过如下技术方案实施的:将石墨粉与水溶性PTFE粘胶剂(90∶10)混合均匀,然后将混匀的石墨压在不锈钢网上,置于40-90℃真空干燥箱中24h,在氩气或氮气手套箱中,以石墨/不锈钢网压片或直接用石墨电极放入用不锈钢或塑料等材料制成的容器中,作为电极的负极;或直接以真空干燥的石墨材料作为负极,将锂片等活泼金属放入作为正极,将1M高氯酸锂等锂盐或其它活泼金属电解质作为电解液(所用溶剂为碳酸酯等有机溶剂)注入上述容器中,并密封,正极和负极分别接直流电源的正极和负极,用较小的恒电流电解电压升至0.1-3V,电解时间约为0.5-96h,然后将电解后的石墨负极投入到无机物或有机物中反应产生氢气,超声反应10min,产物经洗涤,干燥,即得产品。In order to prepare nano-graphite, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: mixing graphite powder and water-soluble PTFE adhesive (90:10) uniformly, then pressing the mixed graphite on a stainless steel mesh, and placing it at 40-90° C. In a vacuum drying box for 24 hours, in an argon or nitrogen glove box, use graphite/stainless steel mesh or directly put graphite electrodes into a container made of stainless steel or plastic as the negative electrode of the electrode; or directly use vacuum The dried graphite material is used as the negative electrode, and the active metal such as lithium sheet is put into the positive electrode, and the lithium salt such as 1M lithium perchlorate or other active metal electrolyte is injected into the above-mentioned container as the electrolyte (the solvent used is an organic solvent such as carbonate), And sealed, the positive and negative electrodes are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the DC power supply, and the electrolysis voltage is raised to 0.1-3V with a small constant current, the electrolysis time is about 0.5-96h, and then the electrolyzed graphite negative electrode is put into the inorganic or organic matter. During the reaction, hydrogen gas was generated, and the ultrasonic reaction was performed for 10 min. The product was washed and dried to obtain the product.
本发明的进一步改进方案为:A further improvement scheme of the present invention is:
1、作为正极的材料主要包括活泼金属锂、钠、钾、钙、镁、钡等活泼金属及其合金。1. The materials used as positive electrodes mainly include active metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium and other active metals and their alloys.
2、所用电解质包括六氟磷酸锂、硝酸锂、高氯酸锂、有机锂等及其钠盐或钾盐等。2. The electrolytes used include lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, organic lithium, etc. and their sodium or potassium salts.
3、所用电解质溶剂为碳酸甲脂、碳酸乙烯脂、碳酸二甲脂等碳酸酯有机溶剂或其它能溶解金属锂盐或钾盐或钠盐等的有机物。3. The electrolyte solvent used is carbonate organic solvents such as methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, or other organic compounds that dissolve metal lithium salts, potassium salts, or sodium salts.
4、所用电解负极材料可以是石墨或以不锈钢网为载体制成的石墨粉与粘胶剂压片。4. The electrolytic negative electrode material used can be graphite or graphite powder and adhesive tablet made of stainless steel mesh as a carrier.
本发明的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明采用电解的方法将活泼金属离子采用电迁移的方法注入石墨层中并电解还原为金属,活泼的金属经与有机物或无机物反应产生氢气将石墨爆开。制备方法简单,安全,易于操作。1, the present invention adopts the method of electrolysis to inject the active metal ions into the graphite layer by the method of electromigration and electrolytic reduction to metal, and the active metal reacts with organic or inorganic substances to generate hydrogen to explode the graphite. The preparation method is simple, safe and easy to operate.
2、本发明电解电压低,电流小,能耗低,成本低。2. The electrolysis voltage of the present invention is low, the current is small, the energy consumption is low, and the cost is low.
3、本发明所用材料来源广泛,生产过程无污染,环保。3. The materials used in the present invention come from a wide range of sources, and the production process is pollution-free and environmentally friendly.
4、本发明制作的纳米石墨,在生产过程中无副反应,产品纯度高,应用前景广泛。4. The nano-graphite produced by the present invention has no side reaction in the production process, high product purity and wide application prospect.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
1、电解池组装:取0.2g商品石墨与20mg PTFE粘胶剂及0.5ml乙醇混合,调为糊状后压在孔径200目的不锈钢网上,70℃真空干燥24h后作为电解池的负极材料,1M高氯酸锂为电解质(溶剂为1∶1∶1的碳酸甲脂、碳酸乙烯脂、碳酸二甲脂),将厚1mm锂片为正极,组装电解池,并用橡皮塞密封。1. Electrolytic cell assembly: Mix 0.2 g of commercial graphite with 20 mg of PTFE adhesive and 0.5 ml of ethanol, adjust it to a paste, press it on a stainless steel mesh with a pore size of 200 mesh, and use it as the negative electrode material of the electrolytic cell after vacuum drying at 70 °C for 24 hours. Lithium perchlorate is used as electrolyte (solvent is 1:1:1 methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate), a lithium sheet with a thickness of 1 mm is used as positive electrode, an electrolytic cell is assembled, and sealed with a rubber stopper.
2、电解:将电池与直流电源连接后,以10mA恒电流进行电解至电压为0.3V,电解时间约为1h。2. Electrolysis: After the battery is connected to the DC power supply, electrolysis is carried out with a constant current of 10mA until the voltage is 0.3V, and the electrolysis time is about 1h.
3、与试剂反应、分离:将电解池负极放入乙醇溶剂中反应10min,超声10min,分别用水和乙醇洗涤,真空干燥即得产品,纳米石墨按Scherrer公式计算晶粒大小约为26nm。3. Reaction and separation with reagents: put the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell into ethanol solvent for 10min reaction, ultrasonicate for 10min, wash with water and ethanol respectively, and vacuum dry to obtain the product.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1和图2分别是石墨粉原料及所得产品的扫描电镜图(SEM),图3是石墨原料及所得产品的粉术衍射(XRD)(a:石墨粉原料;b:纳米石墨)。Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are respectively the scanning electron microscope image (SEM) of graphite powder raw material and obtained product, Fig. 3 is the powder diffraction (XRD) of graphite raw material and obtained product (a: graphite powder raw material; b: nano-graphite).
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| CN113644264A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-12 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of modification method of natural graphite negative electrode material |
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