CN110817866A - Process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation method - Google Patents
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- CN110817866A CN110817866A CN201911217104.7A CN201911217104A CN110817866A CN 110817866 A CN110817866 A CN 110817866A CN 201911217104 A CN201911217104 A CN 201911217104A CN 110817866 A CN110817866 A CN 110817866A
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for obtaining activated carbon by a physical activation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing: tearing and crushing wood into wood chips by a crusher; s2, drying: conveying the crushed sawdust into a drying furnace through a conveyor for drying; s3, carbonization: conveying the dried sawdust into a carbonization device through a screw conveyor, and carrying out heat conduction heating on the carbonization device through a combustion system to form charcoal; s4, carbon discharging: cooling the formed carbon, and fully cooling to obtain matrix carbon; s5, preparing activated carbon: putting the matrix carbon in a physical activation device, delivering water vapor into the physical activation device to enable the matrix carbon to be directly contacted with the water vapor, and enabling the water vapor to destroy the cell structure of the matrix carbon to enable the matrix carbon to form countless nano-scale pore structures, thus obtaining the activated carbon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon preparation, and particularly relates to a process for obtaining activated carbon by a physical activation method.
Background
The active carbon has the advantages of good chemical stability, large specific surface area and the like, has wide application in the fields of adsorption, separation, catalysis and the like, is mainly prepared by carbonizing and activating charcoal, wood chips, coconut shells, fruit kernels, polymers, coal, heavy petroleum and the like, wherein the activation process has important influence on the pore structure of the active carbon and finally determines the performance of the material in the target application field.
The chemical activation is introduced into the production process of granular carbon, and a series of crosslinking or polycondensation reactions occur between a chemical reagent and a carbon material to further create abundant micropores, so that the common method for manufacturing the activated carbon by the chemical method at present is used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art and provide an energy-saving, environment-friendly and cost-saving process for preparing activated carbon by a physical activation method.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a process for obtaining activated carbon by a physical activation method comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing: tearing and crushing wood into wood chips by a crusher;
s2, drying: conveying the crushed sawdust into a drying furnace by a conveyor, wherein the drying temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the drying time is 15-30 min;
s3, carbonization: conveying the dried sawdust into a carbonization device through a screw conveyor, and carrying out heat conduction heating on the carbonization device through a combustion system, wherein the temperature of the carbonization device is 560-750 ℃, and the carbonization time is 20-30 min, so as to form charcoal;
s4, carbon discharging: cooling the formed carbon to 25-30 ℃, fully cooling and then crushing the formed carbon into carbon powder;
s5, preparing activated carbon: putting the carbon powder into a physical activation device, conveying water vapor with the temperature of 800-900 ℃ into the physical activation device, enabling the carbon powder to be directly contacted with the water vapor, and enabling the water vapor to destroy the cell structure of the carbon powder, so that the carbon powder forms countless nano-scale pore structures, thus obtaining the activated carbon.
Further, the carbonizing device comprises a carbonizing furnace and a heat-insulating brick wall wrapped outside the carbonizing furnace, and a cavity is formed between the carbonizing furnace and the heat-insulating brick wall.
Further, the combustion system comprises a combustion furnace and a steam furnace, wherein the output end of the combustion furnace is connected with the steam furnace, and the steam furnace is connected with a cavity between the carbonization furnace and the heat insulation brick wall.
Further, in S2, the moisture content of the dried sawdust is 15-20%.
Further, in S4, the char formation cooling is performed by four-stage cooling using a water-cooling spiral.
Further, the physical activation device comprises a feeding screw, a blower and an activation rotary drum which are connected in sequence.
Further, the feeding screw is connected with the outlet end of the water-cooling screw.
Further, the combustion device is connected with the carbonization device and the physical activation device, the carbonization device is connected with the physical activation device, the carbonization device sends carbon powder into the physical activation device, and the combustion system sends water vapor into the physical activation device.
The utility model provides a system for preparation active carbon, includes rubbing crusher, conveyer belt, drying-oven, carbomorphism device, burner and physics activation device, rubbing crusher, conveyer belt, drying-oven, carbomorphism device and physics activation device connect gradually, burner connects drying-oven, carbomorphism device and physics activation device.
Furthermore, the outlet end of the steam furnace of the combustion device is connected with the cavity and the activation drum, one outlet end of the carbonization furnace is connected with the inlet end of the combustion furnace, and the other outlet end of the carbonization furnace is connected with the feeding screw.
Furthermore, the outlet end of the combustion furnace is connected with a drying furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the process for obtaining the activated carbon by the physical activation method, the carbonization of wood in the carbonization device is not carbonized by open fire, but is heated by the combustion system in a heat conduction manner, the combustion system supplies heat to the cavity of the carbonization device, so that the temperature of the carbonization furnace is increased, combustible gas is generated during carbonization of the wood in the carbonization device, and the combustible gas returns to the combustion system through a pipeline for combustion, so that the combustion system can supply heat to the drying device and the carbonization device through the pipeline, and an energy recycling system is formed.
2. According to the process for obtaining the activated carbon by the physical activation method, wood gas is generated after wood is carbonized, the wood gas is subjected to an exothermic reaction in the pyrolysis process, the heat generated by the gas for forming the carbon is less, a large amount of redundant heat is generated, and the redundant heat heats water to generate heat and dry raw wood and provide high-temperature steam for activation equipment.
3. According to the process for obtaining the activated carbon by the physical activation method, the wood can be treated by the process for 75-80 t per day, the preparation efficiency is greatly improved, and the charcoal obtaining rate of the wood with the water content of about 20% can reach 25%. The specific surface area of the prepared activated carbon material can reach 1365.35m2The method has the advantages of high micropore content, low process cost, simple synthesis process and easy amplification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a system for preparing activated carbon according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection between the carbonizing apparatus and the combustion system according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of example 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of example 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of example 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of example 6.
In the figure: 1. a pulverizer; 101. a double-shaft shredder; 102. a double-shaft crusher; 103. a double-roller crusher; 2. a conveyor; 3. a drying oven; 31. a double helix feeder; 32. feeding and lifting the belt conveyor; 33. single-end screw; 4. a carbonization device; 41. a carbonization furnace; 42. a heat insulating brick wall; 43. a cavity; 5. a combustion system; 51. a combustion furnace; 52. a steam oven; 53. a charcoal making fan; 54. a second dust remover; 55. a combustible conduit; 6. a physical activation device; 61. a feed screw; 62. a blower; 63. activating the rotating drum; 64. an activated carbon collection helix; 7. a drying air supply fan; 71. a conveying air pipe; 8. a first dust remover; 9. drying the fan; 10. a flue gas dust removal discharge bin; 11. a primary cooling screw; 12. a secondary cooling screw; 13. a third stage cooling screw; 14. a four-stage cooling screw; 15. a water tank; 16. screening and dedusting machines; 17. and (4) activating a flue gas fan.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, a process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation method comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing: tearing and crushing wood into wood chips through a crusher 1;
s2, drying: conveying the crushed sawdust into a drying furnace 3 through a conveyor 2, wherein the drying temperature is 200-250 ℃, the drying time is 15-30 min, and the water content of the dried sawdust is 15-20%;
s3, carbonization: conveying the dried sawdust into a carbonization device 4, and carrying out heat conduction heating on the carbonization device 4 through a combustion system 5, wherein the temperature of the carbonization device 4 is 560-750 ℃, and the carbonization time is 20-30 min, so as to form carbon;
s4, carbon discharging: cooling the formed carbon, performing four-stage cooling by adopting a water-cooling spiral, and crushing the formed carbon into carbon powder after full cooling;
s5, preparing activated carbon: putting the carbon powder into a physical activation device 6, conveying water vapor with the temperature of 800-900 ℃ into the physical activation device 6, enabling the carbon powder to be directly contacted with the water vapor, and enabling the water vapor to destroy the cell structure of the carbon powder, so that the carbon powder forms countless nano-scale pore structures, thus obtaining the activated carbon.
Example 2
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, a system for preparing activated carbon comprises a pulverizer 1, a conveyor belt 2, a drying oven 3, a carbonization device 4, a combustion device 5 and a physical activation device 6, wherein the pulverizer 1, the conveyor belt 2, the drying oven 3, the carbonization device 4 and the physical activation device 6 are sequentially connected, the combustion device 5 is connected with the drying oven 3, the carbonization device 4 and the physical activation device 6, the carbonization device 4 sends carbon powder into the physical activation device 6, and the combustion system 5 sends water vapor into the physical activation device 6.
The carbonization device 4 comprises a carbonization furnace 41 and an insulating brick wall 42 wrapping the exterior of the carbonization furnace 41, and a cavity 43 is arranged between the carbonization furnace 41 and the insulating brick wall.
The combustion system 5 comprises a combustion furnace 51 and a steam furnace 52, wherein the output end of the combustion furnace 51 is connected with the steam furnace 52, and the steam furnace 52 is connected with the cavity 43 between the carbonization furnace 41 and the heat insulation brick wall 42.
The physical activation device 6 comprises a feeding screw 61, a blower 62 and an activation rotary drum 63 which are connected in sequence, wherein the feeding screw 61 is connected with the outlet end of the water-cooling screw.
The charring of the wood in the charring device 4 is not charred by naked flame, but the charring device 4 is heated by the combustion system 5 in a heat conduction way, the combustion system 5 supplies heat to the cavity 43 of the charring device 4, thereby the temperature of the charring furnace 41 is improved, the wood in the charring device 4 generates combustible gas during charring, the combustible gas returns to the combustion system 5 through a pipeline for combustion, so that the combustion system 5 can supply heat to the drying furnace 3 and the charring device 4 through the pipeline, and thus, a system for recycling energy is formed.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, in combination with step S1, pulverization: the wood is torn and crushed into wood chips by the crusher 1, the wood is conveyed from the raw material storage area to the double-shaft shredder 101, the double-shaft shredder 102 and the double-roller crusher 103 through belts respectively for crushing, and the crushed wood chips are stored in the crushed storage area.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 5, combining step S2, drying: and (3) conveying the crushed sawdust into a drying furnace 3 through a conveyor 2, wherein the drying temperature is 200-250 ℃, the drying time is 15-30 min, and the water content of the dried sawdust is 15-20%.
The raw materials are conveyed to a double-helix feeder 31 through a storage area after being crushed by a feeding forklift, and are conveyed to a drying furnace 3 through a feeding lifting belt conveyor 32 and a single-head helix 33, and a drying hot air supply machine 7 is arranged at the joint of the drying furnace 3 and the single-head helix 33 to supply hot air into the drying furnace 3.
The first dust remover 8, the drying fan 9 and the flue gas dust removal discharge bin 10 are sequentially connected to the outlet end of the drying furnace 3 to discharge the smoke generated in the drying process, and the outlet end of the flue gas dust removal discharge bin 10 is connected with the charcoal making combustion furnace 51 of the combustion system 5 through a pipeline. An outlet end of the char-making combustion furnace 51 is connected with a char-making fan 53 and a second dust remover 54 through pipes to purify the smoke during the drying process.
The exit end of drying furnace 3 has connected gradually one-level promotion feeding spiral and second grade promotion feeding spiral and single-end spiral, and the single-end spiral passes through preceding supporting roller and connects retort 41, and an exit end of stoving air supply heater 7 is connected to retort 41 through conveying tuber pipe 71, and retort 41 and system charcoal combustion furnace 51 intercommunication are equipped with steam boiler 52 on the system charcoal combustion furnace 51.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 6, combining S4, char out: cooling the formed carbon, performing four-stage cooling by adopting a water-cooling spiral, and crushing the formed carbon into carbon powder after fully cooling.
The exit end of retort 41 has connected gradually one-level cooling screw 11, second grade cooling screw 12, tertiary cooling screw 13 and level four cooling screw 14 through back supporting roller, and the cooling screw passes through water pump connection to water tank 15, realizes the cooling operation in the cooling screw, and the charcoal that obtains after the cooling is smashed once more and is sent into in physics activation device 6 through screening dust shaker 16.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 7, in connection with step S5, activated carbon is prepared: putting the carbon powder into a physical activation device 6, conveying water vapor with the temperature of 800-900 ℃ into the physical activation device 6, enabling the carbon powder to be directly contacted with the water vapor, and enabling the water vapor to destroy the cell structure of the carbon powder, so that the carbon powder forms countless nano-scale pore structures, thus obtaining the activated carbon.
The carbon powder is fed into an activation rotary drum 63 through an activation feeding screw 61, an activation blower 62 is arranged at the inlet end of the activation rotary drum 63, and the outlet end of the activation rotary drum 63 is connected to an activated carbon collecting screw 64.
The activated carbon collecting screw 64 is connected to the charcoal making combustion furnace 51 through the combustible pipeline 55 by the activated flue gas fan 17, and the outlet end of the steam furnace 52 is connected with the activated carbon collecting screw 64 through the steam delivery pump 18, so that an energy recycling system is formed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and substitutions made within the scope of the present invention should be included.
Claims (7)
1. A process for obtaining activated carbon by a physical activation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing: tearing and crushing wood into wood chips through a crusher (1);
s2, drying: conveying the crushed sawdust into a drying furnace (3) through a conveyor (2), wherein the drying temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the drying time is 15-30 min;
s3, carbonization: conveying the dried sawdust into a carbonization device (4), and carrying out heat conduction heating on the carbonization device (4) through a combustion system (5), wherein the temperature of the carbonization device (4) is 560-750 ℃, and the carbonization time is 20-30 min, so as to form carbon;
s4, carbon discharging: cooling the formed carbon to 25-30 ℃, and crushing the formed carbon into carbon powder;
s5, preparing activated carbon: putting the carbon powder into a physical activation device (6), conveying water vapor at 800-900 ℃ into the physical activation device (6) to make the carbon powder directly contact with the water vapor, and opening the cell structure of the carbon by the water vapor at high temperature to make the carbon powder form countless nano-scale pore structures, thus obtaining the activated carbon.
2. The process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation method according to claim 1, wherein: the carbonization device (4) comprises a carbonization furnace (41) and a heat insulation brick wall (42) wrapped outside the carbonization furnace (41), and a cavity (43) is arranged between the carbonization furnace (41) and the heat insulation brick wall (42).
3. The process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the combustion system (5) comprises a combustion furnace (51) and a steam furnace (52), the output end of the combustion furnace (51) is connected with the steam furnace (52), and the steam furnace (52) is connected with a cavity (43) between the carbonization furnace (41) and the heat insulation brick wall (42).
4. The process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation method according to claim 1, wherein: in S2, the moisture content of the dried sawdust is 15-20%.
5. The process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation method according to claim 1, wherein: in S4, the char formation cooling is four-stage cooling by using a water-cooling spiral.
6. The process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation method according to claim 1, wherein: the physical activation device (6) comprises a feeding screw (61), a blower (62) and an activation rotary drum (63) which are connected in sequence.
7. The process for obtaining activated carbon by physical activation method according to claim 6, wherein: the feeding screw (61) is connected with the outlet end of the water-cooling screw.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111773117A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市盐光高新技术开发有限公司 | A face mask with activated charcoal |
| CN111920693A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-13 | 深圳市盐光高新技术开发有限公司 | Toothpaste with active carbon |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111773117A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市盐光高新技术开发有限公司 | A face mask with activated charcoal |
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