CN110803827B - A kind of bacteria and algae filler strengthening combined ecological floating bed and method for purifying water quality - Google Patents
A kind of bacteria and algae filler strengthening combined ecological floating bed and method for purifying water quality Download PDFInfo
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- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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Abstract
本发明属于水环境治理领域，具体涉及一种菌藻填料强化组合式生态浮床及其净化水质的方法，包括按水流方向依次设置的过滤装置、净化装置、强化吸附装置，形成初步过滤‑高效净化‑深度强化处理的修复过程，实现水体水质从“上游”到“下游”的有效改善；净化装置包括从上往下依次设置的挺水植物床、悬浮填料层、微孔曝气层、沉水植物层、固定化菌藻填料层，以微孔曝气层为界限，往上形成好氧区，往下逐渐过渡为缺氧‑厌氧区，好氧‑缺氧‑厌氧的空间变化，结合固定化菌藻填料层富含高活性微生物群的特性，强化了硝化反硝化反应的进行，提高了生态浮床的脱氮除磷效率，有效利用了水体下层空间，从而实现水体从水面到水中纵深式治理与修复。
The invention belongs to the field of water environment treatment, and in particular relates to a bacterial and algae filler-enhanced combined ecological floating bed and a method for purifying water quality, comprising a filter device, a purification device, and an enhanced adsorption device arranged in sequence according to the direction of water flow, forming a preliminary filter-high-efficiency purification ‑The restoration process of deep intensification treatment can effectively improve the water quality from "upstream" to "downstream"; the purification device includes emergent plant beds, suspended packing layers, microporous aeration layers, submerged water layers arranged in sequence from top to bottom The plant layer and the immobilized bacteria and algae filler layer are bounded by the microporous aeration layer, forming an aerobic zone upwards, and gradually transitioning to anoxic-anaerobic zone downwards. The spatial changes of aerobic-anaerobic-anaerobic Combined with the characteristics of the immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer rich in highly active microorganisms, the nitrification and denitrification reaction is strengthened, the denitrification and phosphorus removal efficiency of the ecological floating bed is improved, and the lower space of the water body is effectively used, so as to realize the water body from the water surface to the water. In-depth management and restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water environment treatment, and particularly relates to a bacterium-algae filler reinforced combined type ecological floating bed and a water quality purification method thereof.
Background
As the human activities are increased, the living and industrial wastewater flows into rivers and lakes in an overload manner, the ecological environment of the water area is also influenced by hard revetments, hard bottoms and the like, and the problem of water eutrophication is highly valued by people. In view of such current situation, water quality improvement techniques have started to rise, and are roughly classified into physical methods, chemical methods, and bio-ecological methods. Generally, the physical method has the problems of high cost, temporary solution, non-permanent solution and the like, the chemical method has the problems of unstable treatment effect, secondary pollution easily caused by improper treatment and the like, and the biological-ecological technology becomes a main technical means for river and lake treatment due to the advantages of safety, economy, practicability, systematicness and the like.
The ecological floating bed is a biological-ecological purification technology developed in recent years, and forms a group of water pollution biological treatment devices through a microbial habitat consisting of plant absorption, microorganisms attached to plant root systems and aquatic animals, so that organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and harmful substances in eutrophic water are reduced, the purpose of purifying water quality is achieved, and meanwhile, a water landscape can be built. However, the floating bed structure is simply utilized, aquatic plants are planted on the water surface to directly absorb nutrients and pollutants in the water body, the water purification mode is single, only partial indexes of the water quality of rivers and lakes are improved, the utilization of the lower layer space of the water body is not considered, and the water quality restoration of the water body space level is neglected. Therefore, researchers take various strengthening measures, such as increasing aeration, adding microbial agents, combining with other technologies and the like, in order to improve the purification effect of the ecological floating bed.
Aiming at the defects of the existing floating bed, the invention provides a combined ecological floating bed process capable of realizing the omnibearing and efficient restoration of the space levels of the water bodies in rivers and lakes, which is the problem to be solved by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bacterium-algae filler reinforced combined ecological floating bed, which can realize the comprehensive and efficient restoration of the spatial hierarchy of water bodies in rivers and lakes and solve the problem of water environment pollution.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a combined ecological floating bed reinforced by bacteria and algae filler comprises a filtering device, a purifying device and a reinforced adsorption device which are sequentially arranged according to the water flow direction;
the purification device comprises an emergent aquatic plant bed, a suspended filler layer, a microporous aeration layer, a submerged plant layer and an immobilized bacteria and algae filler layer which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
the emergent aquatic plant bed comprises light ceramsite, emergent aquatic plants, a solar panel, a fixed anchor and a bed body, wherein the light ceramsite is arranged in the bed body and used for fixing the emergent aquatic plants; the solar panel and the fixed anchor are arranged on two sides of the bed body; the submerged plant layer comprises light ceramsite and submerged plants planted on the light ceramsite.
The filter device comprises a nylon filter screen and a guide plate which are sequentially arranged in the water flow direction, the nylon filter screen is provided with a plurality of layers, each layer is arranged in parallel, the pore size of each layer is gradually reduced along with the water flow direction, the guide plate is vertically fixed below the bed body, and the length of the guide plate extends to the top of the submerged plant layer;
the reinforced adsorption device comprises a gravel layer and a nano activated carbon layer, wherein the gravel layer is arranged above the nano activated carbon layer.
The ecological floating bed in the prior art is usually formed by simply stacking methods capable of improving the sewage treatment effect, for example, a plurality of biological filter materials are placed, an aeration system is added, a plurality of submerged plants are planted, the respective denitrification and dephosphorization effects are stacked, the final ecological floating bed has the stacking effect of 1+1=2 at most, and even can be stacked repeatedly, so that the resource waste is caused. The invention sets a complete aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic system, so that the effects of removing pollutants are mutually matched to form an optimal scheme: in the invention, both an aerobic environment and an anaerobic environment are needed, because denitrification needs nitrification and denitrification, and the anaerobism can be realized only in a deep water place without aeration, an anaerobic biological layer is arranged below the submerged plants, the submerged plants can absorb partial oxygen, and the oxygen on the layer is less, which is equivalent to an isolation zone, so that the submerged plant layer becomes an anoxic layer; an anaerobic layer, namely an immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer, is arranged below the water treatment device, so that the denitrification efficiency is greatly improved; an aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic distinguishing system is formed, the purification effect can be realized to the maximum extent, and the sewage treatment effect is optimized.
The flow guide plate at the water inlet position and the nano activated carbon layer and the gravel layer at the water outlet position are arranged, and the flow direction of water flow in the ecological floating bed is guided by blocking and the like to form a flow guide process, so that sewage passes through the complete anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process to realize multi-layer purification of sewage, the water body flow is realized by using the resistance in the device without additionally providing power, the energy consumption is reduced, and the purification treatment effect is further improved.
Preferably, the gravel particle size of the gravel layer is 5 to 15 mm.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plants include gramineae plants planted in a central region of the bed body and landscape high-stem plants planted in a peripheral region of the bed body.
Preferably, the gramineous plant is sudan grass or/and ryegrass, and the landscape high-stem plant is one or more of canna, redroot flower and allium fistulosum.
Preferably, the submerged plant is selected from one or more of watermifoil, hornworts or hydrilla verticillata, and the planting density is 80-100 strains/m2。
The invention utilizes plants with completely different types to construct a floating bed community mosaic structure, so that the floating bed keeps better landscape effect, simultaneously improves the biological diversity of a floating bed system, forms a food chain structure mainly comprising plants, animals, microorganisms and the like, and various organisms in the system can be assimilated, absorbed or selectively preyed to transfer nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like from bottom to top in the nutrient level, namely, the aim of purifying water quality is achieved through the biodegradation of various miniature organisms.
Preferably, the suspended filler layer is provided with suspended fillers, and the packing density of the suspended fillers is 200-3。
Preferably, the suspended filler is polypropylene spherical suspended filler with the diameter of 80-120 mm.
The biological filter material adopted in the prior art is mainly various suspended membrane fibers or heavier solid stones, and the suspended filler is adopted for filling, so that new suspended filler can be replaced at any time according to the condition of sewage, and the filling density can be conveniently increased and decreased; in addition, the polypropylene spherical suspension filler is used in the ecological floating bed, has the functions of a biomembrane carrier and suspended matter interception, and is easy to generate and replace microorganisms, resistant to acid and alkali, anti-aging, free of influence of water flow, long in service life and convenient to install in the using process.
Preferably, the microporous aeration layer comprises a plurality of aeration pipes which are arranged in parallel, and the aeration pipes are spaced by 10 cm in pairs.
Preferably, 5-8 aeration pipes are arranged.
The micropore aeration layer is directly powered by the solar panels on the two sides of the bed body, so that the decomposition efficiency and the water body fluidity are improved, and the water body convection further enables the suspended filler on the upper part of the bed body to float up and down, thereby realizing deep treatment.
As the optimization, the bottom plate for planting the submerged plants adopts a detachable structure, so that the submerged plants are convenient to transplant and plant, the survival and the growth of the submerged plants are facilitated, the water body restoration is promoted, and the cost is saved.
Preferably, the light ceramsite can be prepared by adopting a preparation method in Chinese patent CN1193954C or Chinese patent CN 1463947A.
The light ceramsite can be used for fixing plants and filtering sewage again, so that the sewage purification effect in unit volume is optimal.
Preferably, the immobilized bacteria-algae filler layer is filled with immobilized bacteria-algae pellets, wherein the bacteria are selected from screened high-efficiency anaerobic bacteria, and the algae are selected from algae powder prepared from chlorella pyrenoidosa or chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the specific preparation method is disclosed in Chinese patent application with the patent application number of 201910638402.7.
The immobilized bacteria and algae pellets can effectively combine the strong pollutant degradation capacity of the bacteria and the adsorption and removal effects of the algae powder on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and organic matters in sewage. The immobilized bacteria-algae pellets have high biological activity strains, have high pollutant removal efficiency at the early stage of sewage treatment, and can promote the formation and growth of a surrounding filler biofilm due to the existence of the high-efficiency strains, so that the growth time of the biofilm is relatively shortened. The high molecular material shell of the immobilized bacteria and algae has strong water absorption and water permeability, and sewage can still flow out through the immobilized pellets when the traditional filler is blocked; the immobilized shell limits bacteria and algae within a certain range, avoids the random growth of a biological membrane and reduces the replacement frequency of the immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer.
The invention also aims to provide a method for purifying water by using the bacteria-algae filler reinforced combined ecological floating bed, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, the sewage passes through a filtering device to primarily filter larger suspended particles and floating objects in a water body, so that the blocking phenomenon of a subsequent purification unit is reduced;
step two, sewage flows into a purification device, flows in from the submerged plant layer and the immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer, flows out through the microporous aeration layer, the suspended packing layer and the emergent aquatic plant bed, and removes suspended solids, organic matters and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the sewage;
step three, the sewage flows into a reinforced adsorption device for further purification;
and step four, the purified water body flows out of the reinforced adsorption device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts a combined ecological floating bed process for comprehensively and efficiently restoring the spatial levels of the water bodies in rivers and lakes with high efficiency, and the water bodies are comprehensively and efficiently restored through a nylon filter screen, emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants, a microporous aeration layer and various filler adsorption layers (a nano activated carbon reinforced adsorption device, an immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer, a light ceramsite adsorption layer and a suspension packing layer).
(2) According to the invention, a filtering device, a purifying device and an enhanced adsorption device are sequentially arranged in the water flow direction to form a repairing process of primary filtering, efficient purifying and deep enhanced treatment, so that the water quality of a water body is effectively improved from 'upstream' to 'downstream'; the layered design of the guide plate and the reinforced adsorption device ensures that the sewage flows from bottom to top, further enhances the flow of the water body and improves the sewage treatment effect.
(3) The invention relates to an emergent aquatic plant bed, a suspended filler layer, a microporous aeration layer, a submerged plant layer and an immobilized bacteria and algae filler layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein an aerobic zone is formed upwards by taking the microporous aeration layer as a boundary, and the aerobic zone gradually transits downwards to an anoxic-anaerobic zone. The aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic space change is combined with the characteristic that the immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer is rich in high-activity microbiota, the nitrification and denitrification reaction is enhanced, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the ecological floating bed is improved, and the lower layer space of the water body is effectively utilized, so that the deep treatment and restoration of the water body from the water surface to the water are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the bacteria-algae filler reinforced combined ecological floating bed.
In the figures, the numbers represent the following meanings: 1. a filtration device; 11. a nylon filter screen; 12. a baffle; 2. a purification device; 21. emerging plant beds; 211. landscape high-stem plants; 212. a gramineous plant; 213. light-weight ceramsite; 214. a solar panel; 215. fixing an anchor; 216. a bed body; 22. a suspended filler layer; 23. a microporous aeration layer; 24. a submerged plant layer; 241. submerged plants; 242. light-weight ceramsite; 25. an immobilized bacteria-algae filler layer; 3. a reinforced adsorption device; 31. a gravel layer; 32. and a nano activated carbon layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms including technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Example 1
A combined ecological floating bed reinforced by bacteria and algae filler is shown in figure 1 and comprises a filtering device 1, a purifying device 2 and a reinforced adsorption device 3 which are sequentially arranged according to the water flow direction.
The filtering device 1 comprises a nylon filter screen 11 and a guide plate 12 which are arranged in sequence according to the water flow direction. The nylon filter screen parallel arrangement in the different apertures of three-layer, the aperture size reduces along with the rivers direction gradually, and the number of piles of nylon filter screen also can be two-layer, four layers, five layers, six layers, etc. can increase and decrease according to sewage actual conditions.
The deflector 12 is vertically fixed below the bed body 216 and has a length extending to the top of the submerged plant layer 24. The guide plate 12 can enable water flow to pass through the immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer 25 and the submerged plant layer 24 on the lower layer to provide a large amount of carbon sources for denitrification, and then pass through the aerobic layer on the upper layer to form water body disturbance and enhance the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency; after the nylon filter screen 11 and the guide plate 12 are overlapped, not only can the filtering effect be achieved, but also water in a deeper position can flow, and the guide function is achieved for subsequent purification.
The purification device 2 comprises an emergent aquatic plant bed 21, a suspended filler layer 22, a microporous aeration layer 23, a submerged plant layer 24 and an immobilized bacteria-algae filler layer 25 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.
The emergent aquatic plant bed 21 comprises landscape high-stem plants 211 in the peripheral area and gramineae plants 212, light-weight ceramsite 213, a solar panel 214, a fixed anchor 215 and a bed body 216 in the central area, wherein the landscape high-stem plants 211 and the gramineae plants 212 are fixed by the light-weight ceramsite 213, and the solar panel 214 and the fixed anchor 215 are fixed on the two sides of the plant bed 21. The bed body 216 is a high-strength polystyrene floating bed with strong bearing capacity and good corrosion resistance; the Gramineae plant 212 is Sudan grass, ryegrass or both, and the landscape stalk plant 211 is one or more of canna, Thalia scholaris, Scirpus validus.
The suspension filler layer 22 is filled with spherical suspension filler which is formed by injection molding of polypropylene material, the diameter of the filler is 80-120mm,packing density of 200-3(ii) a The diameter of the polypropylene spherical suspension filler selected in the embodiment is 80 mm, and the filling density is 250 pieces/m3. The polypropylene spherical suspension filler has the characteristics of strong biological adhesive force, large specific surface area, high porosity, good chemical and biological stability, durability, no harmful substance dissolution, no secondary pollution, ultraviolet resistance, ageing resistance, strong hydrophilic performance and the like, and during the use process, microorganisms are easy to generate, replace, resist acid and alkali, resist ageing, are not influenced by water flow, have long service life and are convenient to install.
The microporous aeration layer 23 is formed by arranging 5-8 aeration pipes in parallel at an interval of 10 cm, the aeration pipes of the embodiment are provided with 5 aeration pipes, and electric power is supplied by the solar panel 214. The microporous aeration layer 23 provides an aerobic environment for microbial communities at the roots of emergent aquatic plants and biological membranes of the suspended filler layer 22 to decompose pollutants, and improves the decomposition efficiency by about 5-7 times; the fluidity of the water body can be improved, the circulating convection of the water body is promoted, the dissolved oxygen efficiency is further improved, and the dissolved oxygen range is expanded, so that the action area of the system is increased, and the purification efficiency of the system is greatly promoted; and the water convection further makes the suspended filler on the upper part float up and down to realize the deep treatment.
The submerged plant layer 24 comprises light-weight ceramsite 242 and submerged plants 241 planted on the light-weight ceramsite 242, and the bottom plate of the bottom groove for planting the submerged plants 241 is of a detachable structure. The submerged plant 241 is selected from one or more of Foliumet tailer, Goldfish algae or hydrilla verticillata, and has planting density of 80-100 strains/m2. The submerged plant 241 of the embodiment is planted by mixing the watermifoil algae and the golden fish algae, and the planting density is 100 plants/m2。
The light ceramsite is used for fixing emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants to avoid unstable growth of the plants; and secondly, the device is used for realizing the secondary filtration of the sewage. The light ceramsite in the invention is the prior art, and can be prepared by Chinese patent CN1193954C and Chinese patent CN 1463947A.
The immobilized bacteria-algae packing layer 25 is filled with immobilized bacteria-algae pellets, wherein the bacteria are selected from high-efficiency anaerobic bacteria after screening, and the algae are selected from algae powder prepared from chlorella pyrenoidosa or chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the specific preparation method is disclosed in patent 201910638402.7.
The reinforced adsorption device 3 comprises a gravel layer 31 and a nano activated carbon layer 32, wherein the gravel layer 31 is arranged above the nano activated carbon layer 32, and the particle size of gravel is 10-15 mm. Both the gravel layer 31 and the nano activated carbon layer 32 can be adsorbed intensively and filtered again. The yield of the anaerobic layer biomembrane is low, and the nano activated carbon cannot be blocked; and the aerobic layer biofilm is generated more and is easy to block when falling off, so the gravels with larger gaps are selected. The nano activated carbon layer 32 is compact and has larger water flow resistance than the upper gravel layer 31, and water is biased to flow out of the gravel layer 31 and has the effect similar to that of a guide plate, so that the nano activated carbon layer and the guide plate at the water inlet act together to enable the water to pass through the complete anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process.
The method for purifying water by the aid of the bacteria-algae filler reinforced combined ecological floating bed comprises the following steps:
firstly, the sewage passes through a filtering device to primarily filter larger suspended particles and floating objects in a water body, so that the blocking phenomenon of a subsequent purification unit is reduced;
step two, sewage flows into the purification device 2, flows in from the submerged plant layer 24 and the immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer 25, flows out through the microporous aeration layer 23, the suspended packing layer 22 and the emergent aquatic plant bed 21, and removes suspended solids, organic matters and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the sewage;
thirdly, the sewage flows into a reinforced adsorption device 3 to further deeply treat the river water body;
step four, the purified water flows out from the reinforced adsorption device 3.
Example 2
An application test (COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are used as evaluation indexes) is carried out on a polluted river channel with poor V-class water quality in a certain city.
COD and NH in original sewage3The content of-N, TP was 120 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively.
According to the literature record, after the ecological floating bed in the prior art is used for treating the river water body, COD and NH are generated3The removal rate of-N, TP can only reach 50% -60%, 70% -80% and 70% -80%.
Sewage treatment was carried out using the apparatus and method of example 1: after treatment, COD and NH in the sewage3The content of-N, TP is 21.12 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L and 0.228 mg/L, the removal rate of COD by the ecological floating bed system of the invention is 82.4%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reaches 92.5%, and the removal rate of total phosphorus reaches 94.3%.
Compared with the prior art, the two sides of the floating frame of the ecological floating bed are pulled by the ropes and the anchors, so that the ecological floating bed is stabilized at a fixed position on the river surface and floats in the water body, the ecological restoration of polluted water body is accelerated, the ecological function of the water body is exerted, the water quality is improved, the environmental quality is improved, and the environment is beautified. A plurality of layers of nylon filter screens, purification devices and nano activated carbon adsorption layers are sequentially arranged in the water flow direction to form a repair process of primary filtration, efficient purification and deep reinforcement treatment, so that the water quality of the water body is effectively improved from upstream to downstream; the device comprises an emergent aquatic plant bed, a suspended filler layer, a microporous aeration layer, a submerged plant layer and an immobilized bacteria and algae filler layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the microporous aeration layer is used as a boundary, an aerobic area is formed upwards, and the aerobic area gradually transits downwards to an anoxic-anaerobic area. The aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic space change is combined with the characteristic that the immobilized bacteria and algae packing layer is rich in high-activity microbiota, the nitrification and denitrification reaction is enhanced, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the ecological floating bed is improved, and the lower layer space of the water body is effectively utilized, so that the deep treatment and restoration of the water body from the water surface to the water are realized.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
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