CN110672816A - A field portable soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas, comprising a main body of an experimental cell which is formed by a plurality of side baffles assembled from two sides, and is laid on the ground at the front end of the entrance of the main cell. The steady flow plate is provided with the first water pump in front of the steady flow plate. The first water pump is connected to the first water delivery pipe. There are multiple struts, and the tops of all struts together support a whole rain board with sprinklers to completely cover the top of the main body of the community; the top of the rain board with sprinklers is a simple reservoir, and there are multiple sprinklers at the bottom. There is a rain gauge below the sprinkler; behind the main body of the community is a trapezoidal guide plate that gradually shrinks, and a guide plate is vertically arranged along the two waists of the guide plate, and a collecting tank is connected to the short bottom edge behind the guide plate. . The invention combines field slope soil erosion and hydrodynamic experiments to realize multiple uses of one set of devices.

Description

A field portable soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas

technical field

The invention relates to the fields of field hydrodynamics and soil erosion; in particular, it relates to a field water discharge scouring experiment and an artificial simulated rainfall experiment device.

Background technique

Due to the development of karst and the fragmented terrain, the soil erosion on the slope of the karst area is characterized by a "binary" (ie surface erosion and underground leakage), the soil erosion mechanism is extremely complex, and the hydrodynamic process also becomes very complex. Based on the complex soil erosion mechanism, there are less studies on slope hydrodynamics and soil erosion in the karst area compared to the loess area and the black soil area of Northeast my country. The invention and promotion of the device is conducive to the in-depth research on the soil erosion mechanism, hydrology, hydrodynamics and other aspects of the slope surface in the karst area. At the same time, compared with the indoor scouring and simulated rainfall devices, the present invention will also greatly reduce the experimental difficulty and experiment. cost.

At present, most of the research experiments on soil erosion mechanism on slopes in karst areas are indoor simulation experiments. Although the indoor simulation is more conducive to the control of some influencing factors than the field experiment, the karst fissures are very developed in the karst area, and it is difficult to simulate the underlying surface composition and complex karst fissures in the natural state indoors. This deficiency of indoor simulation can be solved by conducting experiments on the surface. In addition, the construction of permanent runoff cells in the field to carry out related experiments can also solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of indoor simulation experimental devices. However, due to the broken terrain in karst areas, the difficulty of building permanent runoff cells, and the high cost and difficulty of management, it is difficult to meet the experimental needs once built. After adjustment, the shortcomings are also very obvious. In addition, based on the topographical features of the karst area, it is not suitable to build a permanent artificial rainfall and scour experimental device in the field. Therefore, the invention of this device can solve the above-mentioned indoor simulation, field permanent runoff area, field permanent artificial rainfall simulation device and scour. insufficiency of the device. This device is a field portable soil erosion experiment device on slopes, which cleverly combines the scouring experiment and artificial rainfall simulation, and can carry out various experiments at the same time. In addition, adjustments and improvements can be made according to experimental needs.

The runoff plot is an experimental facility for quantitative research on the laws of soil erosion on slopes and small watersheds. It is generally composed of side ridges, a community surrounded by side ridges, collecting troughs, runoff and sediment collection equipment, protection belts and drainage systems. The runoff plot test is to solve the problem of large-scale water and soil loss, so the planning should not only consider the surrounding environment, but also pay attention to the possibility of extrapolation to other areas; secondly, extreme conditions, such as experiments with extremely large and extremely small slopes, should be considered. , extreme precipitation experiments, etc.; keep the original soil topography as much as possible during planning. The main contents of the runoff cell observation are precipitation, runoff and sediment observations.

In the prior art, the utility model patent with the application number of 201120212721.0 applied by Beijing Normal University discloses a water and sand collecting tank in an artificial rainfall runoff community. The baffles of the community are connected; the water and sand collecting chute includes an orifice plate and a water tank, and the orifice plate and the water tank are fixedly connected; the orifice plate is provided with a number of through holes, and the inner height of the water tank is smaller than the outer height; the water tank One end is provided with an outlet. The main advantage of this scheme is that it strengthens the collection function of erosive materials, and the erosion caused by the soil flow is also included.

The utility model patent with the application number of 201220359469.0 jointly applied by China Shenhua Energy Co., Ltd. and China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) discloses a runoff cell model for the observation of water and soil loss in the coal mine subsidence area, including a water collection tank, a geotextile, a guide Sink and collection equipment. The water collecting tank is a rectangular frame surrounded by a plurality of baffles, a part of the baffles is embedded in the grooves on the periphery of the slope area to be observed, and each baffle is semi-fixedly connected. The geotextile is a waterproof and tensile composite material, and is cemented at the inner wall of the water collecting tank. A round hole is arranged on the upper end of the geotextile, and a short rope is used to connect the geotextile to the hole of the water collecting tank. The front end of the diversion tank is seamlessly connected with the water outlet at the end of the water collection tank, which can introduce the water and sand in the runoff area into the collection equipment. The water and soil erosion in the area to be observed can be predicted by sprinkling water on the runoff area to simulate rain erosion. The semi-fixed connection between the water collection tanks and the use of anti-pull geotextiles make this runoff area better in anti-disturbance performance and can more accurately reflect the characteristics of soil and water loss during the process of surface subsidence.

The utility model patent with the application number of 201810469275.8 applied by the Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation discloses a litter interception and cleaning device in a field runoff experimental community, including interceptors, cleaners, rainfall sensors, power transmitters, solar panels and Battery; the interceptor is a semi-open triangular prism, which can intercept the litter and leaves entrained by the outlet flow of the community; the interceptor is equipped with two cleaners, which can be driven by the power transmitter to slide along the stainless steel strip on the upper end of the interceptor. The rain sensor, solar panel and power transmitter are all connected to the battery through wires. Whenever the rainfall reaches a certain threshold, the rain sensor will be activated, and the signal will be sent to start the power transmitter, thereby driving the two cleaners from the top of the interceptor to both sides. Sliding, peeling and cleaning up the litter that has accumulated on the outside of the interceptor. The device has a simple structure and is easy to install, and can effectively intercept and remove the litter at the water outlet of the field runoff experimental community, so as to realize the scientific and effective collection of runoff and sediment samples in the runoff experimental community.

However, the existing soil erosion-related experimental facilities (devices) can usually only perform a single experiment, such as scouring experiments or simulated rainfall experiments. Currently, there is no multi-functional experimental device that can perform scouring and artificially simulated rainfall experiments at the same time. Therefore, the invention of this A class of experimental setups is of great significance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for carrying out field slope soil erosion and hydrodynamic experiments, which organically combines the field water discharge scouring experiment and the artificial simulated rainfall experiment to achieve the goal of a device that has multiple uses and is easy to disassemble and carry.

The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas, comprising a main body of an experimental cell surrounded by a plurality of side baffles from both sides, and a flow stabilization board is laid on the ground at the front end of the main entrance of the cell. There is a first water pump in front of the steady flow plate, and the first water pump is connected to the first water delivery pipe. The tops of all the poles together support a whole rain board with sprinklers to completely cover the upper part of the main body of the community; the top of the rain board with sprinklers is a simple reservoir, and there are multiple sprinklers at the bottom, and there are Rain gauge; behind the main body of the community is a trapezoidal and gradually shrinking guide plate, vertically along the two waists of the guide plate, and a collecting tank is connected to the short bottom edge behind the guide plate.

Further, the aforementioned side baffles are inserted into a 25cm underground enclosure, and the height above the ground is 30cm; multiple side baffles are assembled by connecting rings.

Further, a second water pump is provided outside the aforementioned side baffle, and the second water pump supplies water to the simple reservoir on the top of the rainboard with sprinklers through the upwardly arranged water delivery pipe.

Further, the aforementioned flow stabilizer adopts a frosted glass material with a uniform surface.

Further, the aforesaid collecting tank is a cube box-shaped structure, placed under the tail end of the guide bottom plate, and its top is flush with the guide bottom plate with a cover plate, the cover plate is provided with a water inlet, and the aforesaid guide bottom plate is provided with a cover plate. The tail end is connected to the water inlet.

Further, the aforementioned side baffles, front baffles, guide plates, guide bottom plates, collecting troughs and simple reservoirs are all made of polypropylene.

Further, each of the aforementioned water outlets has a diameter of 0.5-1 cm, and each water outlet is covered with gauze.

Further, a flow meter is provided on the first water delivery pipe.

Further, a front baffle is provided at the front of the entrance of the main body of the cell to separate the flow stabilizer plate from the main body of the cell for artificial simulated rainfall experiments. The aforementioned front baffle and side baffle are also connected by connecting rings.

The device of the present invention is easy to assemble and disassemble, easy to transport and carry, low in cost, high in experimental accuracy, high in simulation, reliable, stable and highly popularized after the device is installed, and can carry out various experiments. When the baffle is removed and replaced with a frosted glass flow stabilizer, field scouring experiments can be performed. When the baffle is replaced with a baffle to form a runoff area, an artificial rainfall device can be installed for related experiments. The number can be adjusted, increased or decreased according to the actual experimental needs and the size of the cell. The windproof curtain can also be installed or disassembled according to the actual experimental needs. The whole device is very simple and adaptable.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of adding a front baffle when the device of the present invention simulates rainfall.

Description of reference numerals: 1- water pump one, 2- water pipe one, 3- flow meter, 4- water outlet, 5- steady flow plate, 6- side baffle, 7- connecting ring buckle, 8- strut, 9 - deflector, 10- deflector bottom plate, 11- collecting tank, 12- rainfall plate, 13- rain gauge, 14- cover plate, 15- water inlet, 16- water pump two, 17- water pipe two, 18- Front bezel.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1-2, the experimental device of the present invention includes a main body of a cell surrounded by multiple side baffles 6 from both sides, and a flow stabilization plate 5 is laid on the ground at the front end of the entrance of the main cell to stabilize the flow. There is a water pump 1 in front of the plate 5. The water pump 1 is connected to the water delivery pipe 1 2. The end of the water delivery pipe 1 is divided into a plurality of water outlets 4. All the water outlets 4 are arranged side by side on the steady flow plate 5; 6 is provided with a plurality of struts 8, and the tops of all struts 8 jointly support a whole rain board 12 with sprinklers to completely cover the top of the main body of the community; the top of the rain board 12 with sprinklers is a simple reservoir, and the bottom is provided with There are a plurality of nozzles, and a rain gauge 13 is arranged below the nozzles; behind the main body of the community is a guide bottom plate 10 that gradually shrinks in a trapezoid shape, and a guide plate 9 is vertically arranged along the two waists of the guide bottom plate 10. The short bottom edge behind the bottom plate 10 is connected to a collecting groove 11 .

Pump 1 is to provide water for flushing and artificial rainfall, and the amount of water can be controlled by adjustment. The first water pipe 2 and the second water pipe 17 connect the water pump with the water outlet 4 of the water discharge scouring experiment or the sprinkler of artificial rainfall. The flow meter 3 is installed on the water pipe 1 2 to measure the flow rate when the experimental device is flushed with water. It can not only obtain the experimental data of the flow rate, but also adjust the water pump 1 by comparing the flow meter 3 and our needs to achieve the control of the water volume. , making the amount of water more in line with our experimental requirements and accuracy.

During the water flushing experiment, several water outlets 4 are set at the end of the water pipe 1 2 . The water outlet 4 can adopt the structure of multiple branch pipes arranged on a water distribution pipe as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The diameter of each water outlet 4 is 0.5-1 cm, and try to ensure that there are as many outlets as possible on the water distribution pipe. The water outlet 4, and each water outlet 4 is covered with gauze, the purpose is to make the water flow a stable and uniform flow. And keep the water outlet 4 flush with the top of the steady flow plate 5, which can prevent the water from falling when it flows down.

When installed, the stabilizer plate 5 keeps it flush with the top of the cell, and is close to the ground, and its width is equal to the width of the cell. It is installed in the side baffle 6 at the front of the cell, so that the water flow through its surface flows into the runoff cell evenly. Inside. Its function is to prevent water seepage, to avoid experimental errors caused by the infiltration of water flow, and to further prevent the water flow from falling when it flows down, and to further ensure the dispersion and stability of the water flow. The material of the steady flow plate 5 is frosted glass with a uniform surface.

The side baffle 6 for building the main body of the runoff community is inserted into the 25cm underground enclosure, and the height above ground is 30cm. Material is polypropylene. The connecting ring buckle 7 connecting the side baffles splices the side baffles 6 together, which can make the community easy to disassemble, carry and transport, and the main body of the community is stable and firm, and will not be easily damaged. The connection ring buckle 7 can be a metal ring buckle or a thread buckle or the like.

The deflectors 9 of the runoff area are one on the left and right of the rear end of the area, and are connected to the side baffles 6 of the area through the connecting ring 7. The two deflectors 9 are installed obliquely to form a trapezoid shape, which can play a role in diversion. , so that the sediment flow is not easy to silt up, thereby affecting the experimental accuracy. The length of the guide plate 9 is greater than the waist length of the trapezoidal guide bottom plate 10 , and the lower end is connected with the collecting groove 11 . Material is polypropylene. The guide bottom plate 10 is also made of polypropylene. The entire guide bottom plate 10 is in the shape of a trapezoid, and its top, that is, the longer bottom edge, should be kept flush with the lower part of the cell. The middle part of the waist is vertically connected with the two guide plates 9 respectively, and the shorter bottom side is connected with the collecting groove 11 .

The top of the cover plate 14 of the collecting tank 11 is provided with a water inlet 15, and the water inlet 15 is connected to the guide opening formed by the guide bottom plate 10 and the guide plate 9, and the guide bottom plate 10 and the guide plate 9 should extend into the water inlet. 15, to prevent water leakage, the side of the collecting tank 11 close to the main body of the cell, that is, the side of the opening direction, should be set to be inclined, this is to be more conducive to current collection, and can effectively prevent the residue and accumulation of samples . Material is polypropylene. The inlet of the collecting tank 11 can be set on the upper part of the side on one side of the cell, and then the side should be set to be inclined, which is conducive to the falling of the collected objects.

When conducting artificial simulated rainfall experiments, the runoff area is isolated from the front flow stabilizer plate by a front baffle 18 , and the front baffle 18 is connected to the side baffles 6 on both sides through the connecting ring 7 . A simple pool is lapped over the runoff area by a strut 8, and a rain sprinkler is arranged at the bottom of the simple pool to form a rain board 12 with a sprinkler. In FIGS. 1 and 2 , in order to clear the structure of the display pole 8, its length is stretched to make it appear very high. In practice, the pole 8 only needs to support the rain plate 12 with sprinkler heads. The top is slightly higher. One end of the support rod 8 is connected with the rain board 12 with sprinklers, and the other end is fixed on the ground, or buried in the ground; the rain board 12 with sprinklers can also be connected by connecting multiple rain boards through the connecting ring 7 to facilitate installation and disassembly, So that the rainfall board 12 with the sprinkler head can well cover the top of the runoff cell. And in order to make the experiment accurate, a windproof curtain can also be installed on the support rod 8 according to the needs of the experiment to avoid the influence of wind on the experiment. The support rod 8 can adopt a metal-like structure, and the top of the support rod 8 can be connected to the rain board 12 with a sprinkler by means of jacking, screw connection, welding, etc. The nozzles of the nozzles under the rain plate 12 with nozzles should be evenly distributed, and the nozzles can be adjusted in size to simulate different sizes of raindrops produced by different rainfalls in nature, making our experiments more accurate and more realistic. Rain gauges 13 are installed under the sprinklers of the rain panel 12 with sprinklers. The number of rain gauges 13 is 3-4 installed under each rain panel 12 to measure the rain intensity and rainfall, and then the measured data is averaged . By comparing the rain gauge cylinders 13, the information of rain intensity and rainfall we obtain will have smaller errors and higher accuracy, and by adjusting the opening of the water pump 2 16 and the sprinkler head, we can control the rainfall and rain intensity within Within the required accuracy of our experiments, we can enhance the credibility of the experiments and reduce errors.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst area, is characterized in that: comprise the sub-district main body formed by the side baffle (6) that is assembled by many pieces from both sides enclosure, at the sub-district main body entrance The ground at the front end is provided with a steady flow plate (5), and a water pump (1) is arranged in front of the steady flow plate (5). A plurality of water outlets (4), all the water outlets (4) are arranged side by side on the steady flow plate (5); a plurality of struts (8) are arranged on the side baffle (6), and all the struts (8) The top supports together a whole rain board (12) with sprinklers to completely cover the upper part of the main body of the community; the top of the rain board (12) with sprinklers is a simple reservoir, and the bottom is provided with a plurality of sprinklers, and below the sprinklers are provided with Rain gauge (13); behind the main body of the community is provided with a trapezoidal guide base plate (10) that gradually shrinks, along the two waists of the guide base plate (10) are vertically provided with guide plates (9), and on the guide base plate (10) ) is connected to a collecting tank (11) at the short bottom edge at the rear. 2. The field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the side baffle (6) is inserted into the underground 25cm enclosure, and the height above ground is 30cm; (6) are assembled by connecting rings (7). 3. The field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: two water pumps (16) are provided outside the side baffle (6), and two water pumps (16) pass through The upwardly arranged water delivery pipe two (17) supplies water to the simple reservoir on the top of the rainfall plate (12) with the sprinkler head. 4. The field portable soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steady flow plate (5) is made of frosted glass material with a uniform surface. 5. The field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collecting tank (11) is a cube box-shaped structure, and is placed at the tail of the guide bottom plate (10). Below the end, the top of the guide plate (10) is flush with a cover plate (14), the cover plate (14) is provided with a water inlet (15), and the tail end of the guide plate (10) is connected to the inlet in the nozzle (15). 6. The field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side baffle (6), the front baffle (18), the deflector (9), the guide The flow bottom plate (10), the collecting tank (11) and the simple water reservoir are all made of polypropylene. 7. The field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: each diameter of said water outlet (4) is 0.5-1cm, and each water outlet (4) is on the All covered with gauze. 8. The field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: a flow meter (3) is provided on the first water delivery pipe (2). 9. The field portable slope soil erosion experiment device suitable for karst area according to claim 2 is characterized in that: a front baffle (18) is provided at the front end of the entrance of the main body of the community for connecting the steady flow plate (5) with the community The main body is separated for simulating rainfall experiments, and the front baffles (18) and the side baffles (6) are also connected by connecting rings (7).

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