CN1105350A - 廉价硝酸基液体炸药及其制造方法 - Google Patents
廉价硝酸基液体炸药及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1105350A CN1105350A CN 94110815 CN94110815A CN1105350A CN 1105350 A CN1105350 A CN 1105350A CN 94110815 CN94110815 CN 94110815 CN 94110815 A CN94110815 A CN 94110815A CN 1105350 A CN1105350 A CN 1105350A
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- explosive
- nitric acid
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- liquid explosive
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical compound O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- PXWYZLWEKCMTEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O PXWYZLWEKCMTEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IADZHGNYJVPNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(O)(O)=O.[C]=O Chemical compound C(O)(O)=O.[C]=O IADZHGNYJVPNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/02—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant
- C06B47/04—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant a component containing a nitrogen oxide or acid thereof
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
廉价硝酸基液体炸药及其制造方法属于工业炸
药领域中的一种硝酸基液体混合炸药的配方及工
艺。其特征是：选用工业浓硝酸作氧化剂，以廉价的
脱焦残液作燃料型敏化剂，按一定比例(82～72％∶
18～28％)配制得液体炸药。本发明成本低廉，制作工
艺简便。其炸药密度为1.40～1.42g/cm3，直径为5mm时，
爆速为6600～6800m/s。临界直径为2.5mm，极限直径为5mm。
猛度为23.0+5mm(25g药)，威力370～382ml，殉爆为
3cm(50g球形塑料装药)。比容377～419.25l/kg(玻璃容器)。
冲击感度为32％。
Description
廉价硝酸基液体炸药及其制造方法涉及的是工业炸药领域中的一种硝酸基液体混合炸药配方及工艺。
当前，制作硝酸基液体炸药一般采用甲苯、硝基苯，硝基乙苯或硝基甲烷作燃料型敏化剂和工业浓硝酸配制而成。由于所采用的燃料型敏化剂毒性大，成本高，推广应用较为困难。（现在矿山使用XJ-1硝酸基液体炸药;《火炸药的化学与工业学》1976.1.V3，P.232，乌尔班斯基）。
本发明的目的在于：提供成本低廉的毒性较小的燃料型敏化剂代替成本高的、毒性较大的甲苯、硝基苯、硝基乙苯、硝基甲烷，使之应用推广较易。采用廉价的硝酸基液体炸药作高锰钢爆炸硬化、爆炸切割的射流刀、水中炸礁和矿山爆破用。
本发明的主要技术方案是：采用工业浓硝酸与脱焦残液混合，搅拌制成液体炸药。其制造方法是：在浓度不低于90%的、重量百分比为82-72%工业浓硝酸中倒入18-28%燃料型敏化剂。在40-60℃温度下混合均匀，制成液体炸药。上述方案中的燃料型敏化剂是脱焦残液（有机化工产品的副产物），它的主要化学成份为：-硝基甲苯（C6H4CH3NO2）73.5-94.5%，其中邻位-硝基甲苯为25-32%，间位-硝基甲苯为3.5～7.5%，对位-硝基甲苯为45-55%;二硝基甲甲苯（C6H4CH3（NO2）2）为8-14%。
本发明的优点是：制作工艺简便，燃料敏化剂原材料来源广泛，价格便宜。本发明的液体炸药爆速为6000-6800m/s，临界直径为2.5mm，极限直径为5mm，用一个8＃雷管可以起爆，冲击感度为32%，猛度为21.0-23.0+5mm（25g装药），威力370-382ml，殉爆3cm（50g球形塑料装药）。
实施例：按上述技术方案制成的廉价硝酸基液体炸药，其配方、爆炸产物及性能见表1、。
廉价硝酸基液体炸药配方、爆炸气体产物组成（％） 表1
| 序号 | 药包外壳 | 配方（Wt%) | 一氧化碳 | 二氧化碳 | 氮 | 氢 | 氧 | 二氧化氮 | 甲烷 | 比容（l/kg) | |
| 浓硝酸 | 燃敏剂 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 玻璃管 | 74.18 | 25.2 | 6.6 | 39.6 | 48.7 | 3.9 | 0 | 0.002 | 0.1 | 419.26 |
| 2 | 塑料 | 80.0 | 20.0 | 25.5 | 24.3 | 33.8 | 17.6 | 0 | 0.003 | 0.1 | 616.84 |
注：塑料外壳的重量为药量9%
廉价硝酸基液体炸药配方、爆炸性能 表2
| 序号 | 药包外壳 | 配方Wt(%) | 药厚（mm) | 爆速(m/s | 猛度（1）(mm) | 威力(ml) | 临界直径(mm) | 冲击感度(%) | 殉爆（2）（cm) | |
| 浓硝酸 | 燃敏剂 | |||||||||
| 1 | 纸 | 72 | 28 | 5 | 6500 | |||||
| 2 | 玻璃 | 74.8 | 25.2 | 5 | 6600 | 23.0 | 382 | 2.5 | 32 | 3 |
注：（1）25g装药
（2）50g球形塑料装药
Claims (2)
1、一种涉及工业炸药领域中由工业浓硝酸加入燃料型敏化剂的液体炸药，其特征在于：采用浓度不低于90%的工业浓硝酸与燃料型敏化剂混合而成。各物质的组成(重量百分比)：工业浓硝酸82～72%、燃料型敏化剂18～28%。
2、根据权利要求1所述液体炸药，其特征在于：燃料型敏化剂是脱焦残液（有机化工产品的副产物），燃料型敏化剂的主要化学成份为-硝基甲苯（C6H4CH3NO2）73.5～94.5%，其中邻位-硝基甲苯为25～32%，间位-硝基甲苯为3.5～7.5%，对位-硝基甲苯为45～55%;二硝基甲苯（C6H3CH3（NO2）2）8～14%。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94110815 CN1105350A (zh) | 1994-01-13 | 1994-01-13 | 廉价硝酸基液体炸药及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94110815 CN1105350A (zh) | 1994-01-13 | 1994-01-13 | 廉价硝酸基液体炸药及其制造方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1105350A true CN1105350A (zh) | 1995-07-19 |
Family
ID=5034739
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94110815 Pending CN1105350A (zh) | 1994-01-13 | 1994-01-13 | 廉价硝酸基液体炸药及其制造方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1105350A (zh) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100364421C (zh) * | 1999-08-27 | 2008-01-30 | 不二制油株式会社 | 酸性蛋白质食品、它们的制备方法和稳定剂 |
| CN105712808A (zh) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-29 | 南京理工大学 | 一种小临界直径中等爆速的液体炸药及制备工艺 |
| CN114526649A (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-05-24 | 江睿 | 演练用简易铵油炸药制备方法 |
-
1994
- 1994-01-13 CN CN 94110815 patent/CN1105350A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100364421C (zh) * | 1999-08-27 | 2008-01-30 | 不二制油株式会社 | 酸性蛋白质食品、它们的制备方法和稳定剂 |
| CN105712808A (zh) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-29 | 南京理工大学 | 一种小临界直径中等爆速的液体炸药及制备工艺 |
| CN114526649A (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-05-24 | 江睿 | 演练用简易铵油炸药制备方法 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |