CN110497819A - Change the replacement battery system and method for on-vehicle battery capacity for electric car dynamic - Google Patents

Abstract

Change the replacement battery system of on-vehicle battery capacity for electric car dynamic, it is characterized by comprising fixed battery pack (1), replaceable battery group (2), and with fixed battery pack (1), corresponding first reserved space (3) of replaceable battery group (2) and the second reserved space (4)；Power mode will be changed to combine with charge mode, power mode will be changed and be used to dynamically change on-vehicle battery capacity, to adapt to personalized demand；And it is electrically separated by vehicle, accident risk is reduced, is realized to the irregular care and maintenance of battery.

Description

Battery replacement system and method for dynamically changing vehicle battery capacity of electric vehicles

technical field

The invention relates to a battery replacement system and method for dynamically changing the battery capacity of an electric vehicle. The battery replacement mode is combined with the charging mode, and the battery replacement mode is used to dynamically change the battery capacity of the vehicle to meet individual needs; And through the separation of vehicle and electricity, the risk of accidents is reduced, and the irregular maintenance and maintenance of the battery are realized, which belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle system design.

Background technique

For a long time, the power supply of electric vehicles has been a thorny problem. In order to improve performance and convenience, there are two main technical means used in existing applications, namely fast charging technology and battery replacement technology (battery replacement technology, such as reference 1). The above two technical means have certain requirements for the construction of infrastructure; and their focus is to improve the convenience of power supply, and do not fundamentally solve the problem of individual needs.

For the field of passenger cars/family cars with strong individual demands, the main demands include:

1. Demand for daily short-distance driving: the average daily driving mileage is relatively short, usually 50-100 kilometers; the requirements for battery cruising range are relatively low;

2. Intermittent long-distance driving demand: In some relatively concentrated time periods, there is a demand for long-distance driving, including business trips, tourism, visiting relatives and friends, etc.; the requirements for battery mileage are relatively high;

It can be seen that the core of the difference between the above two requirements is that there are different requirements for the capacity and characteristics of the battery. Therefore, simply improving the convenience of power supply can only treat the symptoms, not the root cause.

With the development of power battery technology, it may be possible to equip electric vehicles with batteries with a cruising range of more than 500 kilometers in the near future. In other words, it will also cause great idleness and waste of resources. Moreover, the environment of electric vehicles is relatively complex and harsh, so the calendar life of power batteries stored in electric vehicles for a long time will be much shortened, significantly lower than the theoretical life of the battery, which will inevitably increase the waste of resources. When the cruising range increases, the charging frequency of the on-board power battery decreases. In theory, even if it is used for 8-10 years, there is still a certain number of cycles that can be used. However, in fact, the external environment of electric vehicles is complex and changeable. It is unknown whether the maintenance car battery can last for 8 years, and the remaining value of the battery after decommissioning can be used directly.

Another point is that many accidents of electric vehicles occur during night parking, especially when charging at night. Due to the difficulty of nighttime management and the difficulty of finding problems in time, accidents often escalate and cause serious consequences. When the number of on-board batteries increases, the probability of inducing accidents also increases.

Although many people support the "battery swap mode", the disadvantages of the "battery swap mode" are still obvious:

First, the "battery replacement mode" requires a large amount of battery reserves, high investment, huge industrial scale, and difficult coordination of the industrial chain;

The second is that the "battery swap mode" will increase the risk of instability in the connection structure between the battery and the electric vehicle, causing safety issues, and frequent disassembly and assembly of the battery will cause mechanical deformation or damage.

Therefore, the "battery exchange mode" is suitable for group users such as taxis, buses, and units with fleets, and there have been many successful cases in the bus field; while the "charging mode" is more suitable for retail customers such as passenger cars/family cars, and The "battery swap mode" for the purpose of supplementing power is not suitable for this type of application.

References:

1. Chinese patent: application number 2016108904412, chassis-type battery swapping station for electric vehicles and its battery swapping method.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems of the existing technology, the technical solution of the present invention is to combine the existing battery replacement mode with the charging mode. The purpose of battery replacement is no longer to supplement electric energy, but to dynamically change the capacity of the on-board battery to adapt to personalized requirements; and through the separation of vehicle and electricity, the risk of accidents is reduced, and the maintenance and maintenance of batteries are realized from time to time.

The battery replacement system for dynamically changing the battery capacity of an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes a fixed battery pack, a replaceable battery pack, and a first reserved space and a second reserved space respectively corresponding to the fixed battery pack and the replaceable battery pack. space; specifically:

First, pre-set reserved space for installing batteries in electric vehicles;

Second, the battery is divided into a fixed battery pack and a replaceable battery pack, and the reserved space is divided into a first reserved space and a second reserved space accordingly;

Third, during the production process of electric vehicles, install the fixed battery pack (static) into the first reserved space in the electric vehicle, and then connect and fix it with the electric vehicle; the second reserved space is in an idle state; At this time, the fixed battery pack provides electric energy for the electric vehicle to meet the needs of short-distance driving;

Fourth, when it is necessary to meet the needs of long-distance driving, install the replaceable battery pack (dynamically) in the second reserved space in the electric vehicle, and then connect and fix it with the electric vehicle; at this time, the fixed battery pack and The replaceable battery packs together provide electric energy for electric vehicles to meet the needs of long-distance driving;

Fifth, when the demand for long-distance driving is over, the replaceable battery pack is taken out of the electric vehicle; the second reserved space returns to an idle state; at this time, the fixed battery pack provides electric energy for the electric vehicle to meet short-distance driving need.

It should be noted that the short-distance one-way distance is associated with the battery capacity of the fixed battery pack; the long-distance one-way distance is associated with the sum of the battery capacities of the fixed battery pack and the replaceable battery pack.

Further, the fixed battery pack adopts lithium iron phosphate positive electrode battery or lithium manganese oxide positive electrode battery; its advantage is that it has high safety performance and is suitable for the complex application environment of electric vehicles, and its disadvantage is that the energy density is low; due to the fixed battery pack In electric vehicles for a long time, the battery type with higher safety performance should be preferred. Moreover, the fixed battery pack only bears a small part of the total battery capacity, so the weakness of low energy density is not very prominent.

Further, the replaceable battery pack adopts a ternary material positive electrode battery or other batteries with high energy density; it is used to meet the demand for long-distance driving.

It should be pointed out that replaceable battery packs can be divided into two types. One is a dedicated battery, that is, the battery is purchased by the user and has property rights; the other is a shared battery, which is purchased by the operator and leased by the user.

For dedicated battery operators, the service of temporary storage, maintenance, maintenance, and charging is calculated according to the storage time and charging power; for the rental service provided by shared battery operators, the price is calculated according to the lease time; thus forming two different profit model.

Further, the replaceable battery pack includes a battery identity verification module for confirming the identity of the battery, and for recording and tracking the use process of the replaceable battery pack.

Advantages of the present invention:

1. Giving users more choices is conducive to the development of shared battery mode, reducing the overall usage of batteries, improving usage rates, and reducing idle resources and waste;

2. It is of great significance for passenger cars/family cars with high demand for short-distance driving; in the short-distance driving mode, which accounts for about 70-80% of the total mileage, the total weight of electric vehicles is reduced, which is conducive to energy saving; at the same time, most of the time The number of on-board batteries in the vehicle is small, and the vehicle and electricity are separated to a certain extent, reducing the risk of safety accidents;

3. Fixed battery packs and replaceable battery packs can be more focused on the selection of types and characteristics, and can be mixed and matched to fully meet the individual needs of users; short-distance driving uses phosphoric acid with better comprehensive performance after excluding energy density factors Lithium iron positive battery or lithium manganese oxide positive battery, safety and durability are guaranteed; long-distance driving mainly uses ternary material positive battery with high energy density, so the performance of long-distance driving can also be guaranteed, and the battery pack can be replaced at the same time Regular offline maintenance will be carried out, and its life and safety will also be improved;

4. To a certain extent, the user's distrust of the replacement battery mode can be solved, because when a fault or problem occurs to the replaceable battery pack, the system can alarm and quickly switch to a relatively safer fixed battery pack to provide power for electric vehicles. without completely losing momentum or causing serious consequences;

5. The purpose of the battery replacement operation in the present invention is to change the capacity of the on-board battery. For most users with less demand for long-distance driving, the frequency of replacement operations is usually lower than 30 days/time; thus, the user's leasing intention is relatively clear, and can By making reservations in advance, the operator's operating efficiency is improved; and, by reducing the frequency of battery replacement, both operators and users can accept a longer battery replacement time (of course, fast battery replacement technology is not excluded), thus There is more time for more rigorous fixation and verification of replaceable battery packs, a safer and more stable connection, and the ability to correct mechanical deformation after long-term operation, etc.;

6. The main function of the decentralized arrangement of the supporting facilities is to replace the battery and change the capacity of the on-board battery. It is enough to detect and maintain the replaced battery, and it does not necessarily need to supplement the battery. Therefore, the replacement station The cost is greatly reduced, and the safety is also higher.

Description of drawings

Attached Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the existing electric vehicle chassis and battery structure (top view);

Attached Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the existing electric vehicle chassis and battery structure (A-A sectional view);

Accompanying drawing 3: Schematic diagram of the structure of the chassis battery swap mode of the present invention when a replaceable battery pack is to be loaded (top view);

Accompanying drawing 4: Schematic diagram of the structure of the chassis of the present invention when the battery exchange mode is to be loaded with a replaceable battery pack (A-A sectional view);

Accompanying drawing 5: Structural schematic diagram (top view) of the chassis battery replacement mode of the present invention when a replaceable battery pack is loaded;

Accompanying drawing 6: Schematic diagram of the structure (A-A sectional view) of the chassis of the present invention when a replaceable battery pack is loaded;

Accompanying drawing 7: The structure diagram of the electric vehicle charging/replacing network system of the present invention (first-level network);

Accompanying drawing 8: The structure diagram of the electric vehicle charging/replacing network system of the present invention (two-level network);

Wherein, in the existing solutions shown in Figs. 1 and 2, 10 is a battery.

Detailed ways

Hereinafter, the solutions of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

This embodiment introduces the technical solution of the chassis battery replacement mode of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, it is an electric vehicle battery assembly scheme of the existing scheme; the battery 10 is installed and fixed on the chassis 5 .

As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, it is the technical solution of the chassis battery replacement mode of the present invention:

The replacement of the replaceable battery pack 2 adopts the structural form of chassis replacement, and the second reserved space 4 is arranged in the middle area of the chassis 5 of the electric vehicle 9, so that the position of the center of gravity of the replaceable battery pack 2 and the position of the center of gravity of the electric vehicle 9 basically coincide ;

The replaceable battery pack 2 is fixedly installed on the detachable base plate 6, and then connected and fixed to the chassis 5 through the detachable base plate 6, and the replaceable battery pack 2 is installed in the second reserved space 4 at the same time;

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, when the replaceable battery pack 2 is taken out from the electric vehicle 9, a blank detachable bottom plate 6 is prepared and installed in the corresponding position of the second reserved space 4 to play a sealing role;

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, when the replaceable battery pack 2 needs to be installed in the electric vehicle 9, the blank detachable bottom plate 6 at the corresponding position should be taken out first.

Example 2:

In this embodiment, an electric vehicle charging/battery swapping network system and its operating method are introduced.

The electric vehicle charging/battery exchange network system is established based on the electric vehicle using the battery replacement system that dynamically changes the capacity of the on-board battery, and includes several battery replacement stations 7 for battery replacement. Complete, the exchange station 7 includes one or a combination of the centralized charging and exchange station 7a and the decentralized exchange station 7b, wherein:

The centralized charging and swapping station 7a at least includes a battery charging/discharging center, a battery replacement device, and a battery dispatching device;

The distributed switching station 7b at least includes a battery replacement device, a battery detection device and a battery maintenance device.

The devices used in the above-mentioned centralized charging and swapping station 7a and decentralized charging and swapping station 7b are all existing technologies, and a mobile power swapping technical solution can also be adopted.

Furthermore, the site selection principle of centralized charging and swapping stations is that the transportation is convenient and close to the grid access point (such as a substation), which is conducive to reducing costs and improving efficiency. However, in the prior art, it is difficult to select the site according to the above principles, because there are some contradictions in the site selection of the centralized charging and swapping station 7a:

If the charging mode is adopted, the convenience for electric vehicle users will be reduced, and large-scale supporting parking lots and charging piles will be established;

If the battery replacement mode is adopted, a large number of spare batteries need to be stored, the investment is too high, and the resource utilization rate is low.

The operation method of the electric vehicle charging/battery exchange network system of the present invention specifically includes the following two types, and the two operation methods can be used alone or in combination:

First, centralized charging and swapping method: including one or more centralized charging and swapping stations 7a;

When the electric car 9 is in the state of stopping or short-distance driving for a period of time in the future, the electric car 9 goes to the centralized charging and swapping station 7a, and the replaceable battery pack 2 is removed from the electric car 9 through the battery replacement device, and then the battery dispatching device Send the replaceable battery pack 2 to the battery charging/discharging center for unified management; at this time, the electric vehicle 9 leaves the centralized charging and swapping station 7a, and can drive for a certain distance and stop to enter the stop operation state, or continue to drive for a short distance;

When the electric vehicle 9 has a long-distance travel demand, go to the centralized charging and swapping station 7a, take the replaceable battery pack 2 out of the battery charging/discharging center through the battery scheduling device, and then install the replaceable battery pack 2 in the electric car through the battery replacement device. Among the cars 9; at this moment, the electric car 9 leaves the centralized charging and swapping station 7a, and can travel long distances;

Second, the method of decentralized power exchange: including several decentralized power exchange stations 7b; (it can be evenly distributed according to the geographical area and the activity of electric vehicles in the area)

When the electric vehicle 9 has a demand for long-distance travel, go to the decentralized power exchange station 7b, and then install the replaceable battery pack 2 stored in the decentralized power exchange station 7b into the electric vehicle 9 through the battery replacement device; at this time, the electric vehicle 9 leaves Distributed substation 7b, which can be used for long-distance driving;

When the electric vehicle 9 has no long-distance travel demand in the future, the electric vehicle 9 goes to the distributed charging and replacing station 7b, and the replaceable battery pack 2 is removed from the electric vehicle 9 through the battery replacement device and stored in the distributed charging and replacing station 7b Among them; the distributed charging and replacing station 7b detects and maintains the replaceable battery pack 2 through the battery detection device and the battery maintenance device; at this time, the electric vehicle 9 leaves the distributed charging and replacing station 7b for short-distance driving.

Further, due to the limited storage capacity of each distributed battery swapping station 7b, it is necessary to dispatch and manage the replaceable battery pack 2 through the dispatching vehicle 8, specifically:

First, decentralized management (as shown in Figure 7): Take out a part of the replaceable battery pack 2 in the decentralized battery swapping station 7b with a saturated storage capacity, put it into the dispatching vehicle 8, and the dispatching vehicle 8 will transport the replaceable battery pack 2 Store in the distributed power exchange station 7b with insufficient stock;

Second, unified dispatching is carried out through the centralized charging and swapping station 7a (as shown in Figure 8): a part of the replaceable battery pack 2 in the decentralized charging and swapping station 7b with a saturated storage capacity is taken out and put into the dispatching vehicle 8, and the dispatching vehicle 8 Transport the replaceable battery pack 2 to the centralized charging and swapping station 7a for storage; at the same time, take out a part of the replaceable battery pack 2 from the centralized charging and swapping station 7a and put it into the dispatch vehicle 8, and the dispatch vehicle 8 will replace the replaceable battery pack 2 Transport to each decentralized power station 7b with insufficient stock for storage.

It should be pointed out that the replaceable battery pack 2 sent from the decentralized charging and swapping station 7b is given priority to batteries with insufficient power; the replaceable battery pack 2 sent from the centralized charging and swapping station 7a is usually fully charged. Moreover, the replaceable battery pack 2 obtained by the user from the distributed battery swapping station 7b is not necessarily fully charged, and the user can choose a more economical charging method, such as using the off-peak charging method of a household charging pile.

Two application cases are given below for illustration.

First, take the application of private cars (shorter daily mileage) as an example:

First, configure the battery capacity ratio of the fixed battery pack and the replaceable battery pack of the private car at 1:2 (other configurations are also possible);

In the sharing mode, users do not purchase replaceable battery packs when purchasing electric vehicles, but only purchase fixed battery packs that meet short-distance driving needs; when users have long-distance driving needs, they temporarily rent replaceable battery packs from shared battery operators.

Assume that 80% of private car users choose the sharing model. The number of replaceable battery packs that the shared battery operator needs to reserve is 40% of the number of users, which can meet the application requirements.

The average annual time for private car users to rent a replaceable battery pack is about 40-100 days, which is calculated on an average of 60 days; that is, about 80% of the mileage is short-distance driving;

Assuming that the price of a replaceable battery pack is 60,000 yuan, and the service life is 10 years, if the user purchases the power battery for his own use, he will need to spend 6,000 yuan per year; among them, the interest factor is not calculated, and the battery is not included. The problem of attenuation or damage will occur when the service life is reached, and the actual use cost is much higher than 6,000 yuan/year.

If the shared battery model is adopted, the shared battery operator will store batteries at a rate of 40%, that is, the investment in battery storage for each service object is 24,000 yuan; the price for private car users to rent replaceable battery packs is set at 80 yuan/ day, the user's annual payment fee is about 3200-8000 yuan, with an average of 4800 yuan per year; users enjoy good service and do not have to worry about battery attenuation or damage, and the cost is basically within an acceptable range.

It should be pointed out that when the demand for long-distance driving is at a low point, a large number of replaceable battery packs will be idle, and the idle replaceable battery packs will be organized for energy storage and peak-shaving applications.

For the shared battery operator, the payback period of the leased battery is about 5 years; at the same time, the average idle days of the replaceable battery pack is about (365-60/40%)=215 days, in these time periods, the idle Replaceable battery packs organized for other applications (such as energy storage peak shaving applications).

Therefore, considering other investments such as centralized charging and swapping stations and decentralized swapping stations, the overall investment payback period of shared battery operators can be controlled at about 4 years, and the reasonable service life of replaceable battery packs can reach More than 8 years.

Compared with the traditional mode in which users purchase batteries for their own use, the total battery usage of the solution of the present invention is:

1-(2/3*(100%-40%))*80%=68%, that is, it can save at least 32% of the total battery usage, save social resources, and is conducive to the promotion of electric vehicles; the total battery usage The reduction of battery capacity means that the overall idle rate of the battery is reduced, which can better coordinate the contradiction between the number of battery cycles and the mismatch between the calendar life.

To sum up, by reducing the total battery usage and improving usage efficiency, both users and operators can obtain good benefits.

Second, take the application of taxis and logistics vehicles (the average daily mileage is longer) as an example:

In the normal daily operation process, the existing scheme of fast charging or quick battery replacement can be used to supplement the electric energy;

After the daily normal operation is over, the electric vehicle can be driven to the power exchange station 7, and the replaceable battery pack 2 can be disassembled from the electric vehicle 9 and stored in the power exchange station 7 for maintenance and supplementary electric energy; Car 9 can drive away from substation 7 and arrive at the destination to rest through short-distance driving;

At the beginning of normal operation the next day, the electric vehicle 9 is driven to the exchange station 7 after a period of short-distance driving, and the replaceable battery pack 2 is taken out from the exchange station 7 and installed into the electric vehicle 9; Automobile 9 can drive away from substation 7, and starts normal long-distance driving process.

The power exchange station 7 mentioned in the above solution can be a centralized charging and changing station 7a or a decentralized power changing station 7b. At this time, the decentralized power changing station 7b also has the function of charging.

The advantages of this scheme are:

The replacement station does not need to build supporting parking lots and charging piles, and the site selection is more flexible, thereby reducing costs; During the transportation period, the vehicle and electricity are basically separated;

There is basically no investment in battery storage for the power station, and the construction cost is further reduced;

The power station adopts offline charging, which can make full use of the valley power for charging;

After unloading the replaceable battery pack, the electric vehicle still has a certain running mileage, which does not affect the short-term use;

During the time period when electric vehicles are out of service, the vehicle and electricity are basically separated, and charging is not required, which reduces many hidden dangers of accidents, and each electric vehicle can freely choose a convenient parking position.

It should be pointed out that, for the electric vehicle 9 with a long average daily mileage, the mileage and time required to travel to and from the power station 7 will not become a great burden.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Those skilled in the art can also make equivalent modifications or replacements without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or replacements are all included in the claims defined in the application. within range.

Claims (7)

1. A battery replacement system for dynamically changing the battery capacity of an electric vehicle, characterized in that it includes a fixed battery pack (1), a replaceable battery pack (2), and a fixed battery pack (1), a replaceable battery pack ( 2) corresponding to the first reserved space (3) and the second reserved space (4); specifically: First, a reserved space for installing batteries is preset in the electric vehicle (9); Second, divide the battery into a fixed battery pack (1) and a replaceable battery pack (2), and correspondingly divide the reserved space into a first reserved space (3) and a second reserved space (4); Thirdly, during the production process of the electric vehicle (9), the fixed battery pack (1) is installed in the first reserved space (3) in the electric vehicle (9), and then connected and fixed to the electric vehicle; The second reserved space (4) is in an idle state; at this time, the fixed battery pack (1) provides electric energy for the electric vehicle to meet the demand for short-distance driving; Fourth, when it is necessary to meet the demand for long-distance driving, install the replaceable battery pack (2) in the second reserved space (4) in the electric vehicle, and then connect and fix it with the electric vehicle (9); at this time , the fixed battery pack (1) and the replaceable battery pack (2) jointly provide electric energy for the electric vehicle (9) to meet the demand for long-distance driving; Fifth, when the demand for long-distance driving is over, the replaceable battery pack (2) is taken out from the electric vehicle; the second reserved space (4) returns to an idle state; at this time, the fixed battery pack (1) is The automobile (9) provides electric energy for meeting short-distance driving requirements. 2. The replacement battery system for dynamically changing the vehicle battery capacity of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the replacement of the replaceable battery pack (2) adopts the structural form of chassis replacement, and the second reserved space (4 ) is arranged in the middle area of the chassis (5) of the electric vehicle (9), so that the position of the center of gravity of the replaceable battery pack (2) basically coincides with the position of the center of gravity of the electric vehicle (9); The replaceable battery pack (2) is fixedly installed on the detachable base plate (6), and then connected and fixed to the chassis (5) through the detachable base plate (6), and the replaceable battery pack (2) is installed on the second Two reserved space (4) position; When the replaceable battery pack (2) is taken out from the electric vehicle (9), prepare a blank detachable bottom plate (6) and install it in the corresponding position of the second reserved space (4) to play a sealing role; When the replaceable battery pack (2) needs to be installed in the electric vehicle (9), the blank detachable base plate (6) at the corresponding position should be taken out first. 3. The battery replacement system for dynamically changing the battery capacity of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the fixed battery pack (1) adopts a lithium iron phosphate positive battery or a lithium manganate positive battery. 4. The battery replacement system for dynamically changing the battery capacity of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the replaceable battery pack (2) includes a battery identity verification module for confirming the identity of the battery identity, and for recording and tracking the usage of the replaceable battery pack (2). 5. The replacement battery system for dynamically changing the vehicle battery capacity of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: based on the electric vehicle (9) using the battery replacement system dynamically changing the vehicle battery capacity, an electric vehicle charging/charging system is formed. The power exchange network system includes several battery exchange stations (7) for battery replacement. The process of replacing the replaceable battery pack (2) with the electric vehicle (9) is completed at the exchange station (7), and the exchange station (7) Including one or a combination of the centralized charging and swapping station (7a) and the decentralized charging and swapping station (7b), wherein: The centralized charging and swapping station (7a) at least includes a battery charging/discharging center, a battery replacement device, and a battery dispatching device; The distributed switching station (7b) at least includes a battery replacement device, a battery detection device and a battery maintenance device. 6. The operation method of the electric vehicle charging/battery exchange network system according to claim 5, characterized in that it specifically includes the following two operation methods, and the two operation methods can be used alone or in combination: First, centralized charging and swapping method: including one or more centralized charging and swapping stations (7a); When the electric vehicle (9) is in the state of stopping or short-distance driving for a period of time in the future, the electric vehicle (9) goes to the centralized charging and swapping station (7a), and the replaceable battery pack (2) is transferred from the electric vehicle (9) through the battery replacement device ), and then send the replaceable battery pack (2) to the battery charging/discharging center through the battery dispatching device for unified management; at this time, the electric vehicle (9) leaves the centralized charging and swapping station (7a) and can drive stop and enter the stop running state, or continue to drive for a short distance; When the electric vehicle (9) needs to travel long distances, go to the centralized charging and swapping station (7a), take the replaceable battery pack (2) out of the battery charging/discharging center through the battery scheduling device, and then use the battery replacing device to replace the battery pack (2) The battery pack (2) is installed in the electric vehicle (9); at this time, the electric vehicle (9) leaves the centralized charging and swapping station (7a) and can travel long distances; Second, decentralized power exchange method: including several decentralized power exchange stations (7b); When the electric vehicle (9) has a long-distance driving demand, go to the decentralized power exchange station (7b), and then install the replaceable battery pack (2) stored in the decentralized power exchange station (7b) to the electric vehicle (9) through the battery replacement device At this time, the electric vehicle (9) leaves the distributed power station (7b) and can travel long distances; When the electric vehicle (9) has no demand for long-distance travel in the future, the electric vehicle (9) goes to the distributed power exchange station (7b), and the replaceable battery pack (2) is removed from the electric vehicle (9) through the battery replacement device down and stored in the decentralized charging and swapping station (7)b; the decentralized charging and swapping station (7b) detects and maintains the replaceable battery pack (2) through the battery detection device and the battery maintenance device; at this time, the electric vehicle ( 9) Leave the decentralized charging and swapping station (7)b for short-distance driving. 7. The operation method of the electric vehicle charging/battery swapping network system according to claim 6, characterized in that: due to the limited storage capacity of each distributed swapping station (7b), it is necessary to dispatch vehicles (8) to the replaceable The battery pack (2) is dispatched and managed, specifically: First, decentralized management: take out a part of the replaceable battery pack (2) in the decentralized battery exchange station (7b) with a saturated storage capacity, and put it into the dispatch vehicle (8), and the dispatch vehicle (8) will replace the replaceable battery pack ( 2) Transport to the decentralized power station (7b) with insufficient stock for storage; Second, unified scheduling through the centralized charging and swapping station (7a): Take out a part of the replaceable battery pack (2) in the decentralized charging and swapping station (7b) with a saturated storage capacity, put it into the dispatching vehicle (8), and dispatch it The vehicle (8) transports the replaceable battery pack (2) to the centralized charging and swapping station (7a) for storage; at the same time, a part of the replaceable battery pack (2) is taken out from the centralized charging and swapping station (7a) and put into the dispatching vehicle ( 8), the dispatch vehicle (8) transports the replaceable battery pack (2) to each decentralized power exchange station (7b) with insufficient stock for storage.