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CN1104960C - Cyclone separator - Google Patents

Cyclone separator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1104960C
CN1104960C CN97197594A CN97197594A CN1104960C CN 1104960 C CN1104960 C CN 1104960C CN 97197594 A CN97197594 A CN 97197594A CN 97197594 A CN97197594 A CN 97197594A CN 1104960 C CN1104960 C CN 1104960C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gas
cyclone separator
pipe
open
mixture
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN97197594A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN1228720A (en
Inventor
胡贝图斯·威廉姆斯·阿尔贝图斯·德赖斯
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Publication date
Priority claimed from EP96202439A external-priority patent/EP0826425A1/en
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of CN1228720A publication Critical patent/CN1228720A/en
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Publication of CN1104960C publication Critical patent/CN1104960C/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
    • B01J8/0055—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream using cyclones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

A cyclone separator (1) comprises: a vertical housing (2) open at its lower end (4) and provided at its upper end (6) with a cover (5) having a central aperture (8); an inlet pipe (10) for tangentially feeding a mixture of gas and catalyst particles from the outlet of the riser reactor (15) of the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus; a particle discharge conduit (16) communicating with the open lower end (4) of the vertical housing (2); and a gas outlet tube (18) having a vertical section (20) extending through the central opening (8) in the lid (5); the cyclone separator (1) further comprises: an open-ended tube (23) disposed within the central bore (8) such that an annular gas inlet tube (25) is formed between the vertical section (20) and the open-ended tube (23); and a swirl imparting device (30) arranged inside the annular gas inlet pipe (25).

Description

Cyclonic separator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cyclonic separator, this separator is used as an interior separation phase of reaction vessel of the reaction vertical tube (standpipe) that contains fluid-bed catalytic cracking unit.
Background technology
Known fluid-bed catalytic cracking unit comprises: a reaction vessel; A vertical reaction vertical tube, its upper end outlet separator system fluid interior with being arranged in reaction vessel is communicated with; With a regeneration container.When normal running, (hydrocarbon) charging of regenerated catalyst particles and hydrocarbonaceous infeeds from the entrance end of reaction vertical tube, carries out catalytic cracking in vertical tube, becomes the mixture of gaseous product and granules of catalyst.This mixture leaves the reaction vertical tube under high temperature between 500 and 540 ℃ or higher temperature.The mixture of gaseous product and granules of catalyst is sent in the separator system, and gaseous product and granules of catalyst are separated there.Gaseous product is drained from the upper end of reaction vessel, and granules of catalyst then is discharged into the bottom of reaction vessel, and granules of catalyst is by stripping there.Steam stripped granules of catalyst is sent to regeneration container, and the coke that is deposited on the particle during cracking is at high temperature burnt there, draws products of combustion and regenerated catalyzer.Products of combustion is drained from the upper end of regeneration container, and the regenerated catalyzer then is reused.
A kind of like this fluid-bed catalytic cracking unit once illustrated in No. 488549, european patent application communique.Separation known device system has a cyclonic separator and an auxiliary cyclonic separator, so that provide secondary to separate.This cyclonic separator has: a vertical shell, and its lower end is opened wide, and its upper end is provided with a lid, has covered a centre hole; One enters pipe, is used for being fed tangentially from the outlet of vertical tube reactor the mixture of gas and granules of catalyst; A particle vent pipe is communicated with the unlimited lower end of vertical shell; With a gas discharge pipe, this Guan Youyi vertical section extends through the centre hole that covers, and the outside diameter of this vertical section is less than the diameter of centre hole.The outside surface of centre hole and gas discharge pipe forms a cyclic admission port.
This cyclonic separator is disposed in the top of reaction vessel, makes when normal running that the stripping gas physical efficiency is drawn in the cyclonic separator by the pressure difference between reaction vessel interior and cyclonic separator inside by the ring-type admission port in reaction vessel.
US-A-5362379 once disclosed a kind of cyclonic separator, and this separator has a vertical shell, which is provided with one and entered pipe, can be used to be fed tangentially from the vertical tube reactor of fluid-bed catalytic cracking unit the mixture of gas and solid particulate.This separator also has a termination openings pipe in the centre hole that is arranged in lid, so that enter pipe at the vertical section of gas outlet pipe to just forming a ring-type gas between the internal surface of the outside surface of small part and termination openings pipe.According to this part communique, the direction of stripping gas is left and is rich in the solid gas zone in separator.The result can not separate from the air-flow of cyclonic separator as in the present invention effectively at the intravital solid of stripping gas.
DE-A-4136935 discloses a kind of cyclonic separator, and this separator has a vertical shell, which is provided with one and enters pipe, can be used to be fed tangentially the mixture of gas and solid particulate.This cyclone also is provided with some measures, is used for changing when cyclone is operated gas outlet pipe opening neighbouring pressure and flow pattern.These measures are for example for around the air-flow that is directed downwards in the annulus of vertical gas outlet pipe.This annulus can be provided with the vortex applicator.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to improve the lower level of separation efficiency of the efficient of known cyclone separator, particularly cyclonic separator.
For this purpose, comprise according to cyclonic separator of the present invention: a vertical shell, its lower end is opened wide, and its upper end is provided with a lid, has covered a centre hole; One enters pipe, is used for being fed tangentially from the outlet of the vertical tube reactor of fluid-bed catalytic cracking unit the mixture of gas and granules of catalyst; A particle vent pipe, it is communicated with and a gas discharge pipe with the unlimited lower end of vertical shell, and this Guan Youyi vertical section extends through the centre hole that covers; This cyclonic separator also comprises: a pipe that is arranged in the termination openings in the centre hole enters pipe so that form a ring-type gas between the internal surface of the pipe of the outside surface of at least a portion of the vertical section of gas discharge pipe and this termination openings; Be arranged in this ring-type gas enter the pipe in vortex applicator (eddy flow generation device).
Utilize the cyclonic separator of the invention described above can make the rotation of fluidic reach maximum efficiency, thereby improve the overall efficiency of this separator greatly.
Other features of the present invention and superiority can be described by the embodiment that carries out in conjunction with following accompanying drawing and see clearlyer.
Description of drawings
With example the present invention is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings now, this figure roughly illustrates the lengthwise section of a part of cyclonic separator of the present invention.
Embodiment
Cyclonic separator 1 of the present invention has a vertical shell 2, in its lower end 4 relief outlet 3 is arranged, and 6 is provided with a lid 5 in the top, on the lid 5 centre hole 8 is arranged.
Cyclonic separator 1 also has one and enters pipe 10, and this pipe extends to the admission port 14 of cyclonic separator 1 from the upper outlet 12 of vertical tube reactor 15, is used for tangentially the mixture of gas and granules of catalyst is input in the cyclonic separator 1.It also has the particle vent pipe 16 and the gas outlet pipe 18 that are communicated with the relief outlet 3 of the lower end 4 of vertical shell 2.
Gas outlet pipe 18 has a vertical straight-line segment 20 to extend through the centre hole 8 that covers on 5.
This cyclonic separator also has a pipe 23 that is fixed on the termination openings in the centre hole 8, wherein forms a cyclic gas between the internal surface of the pipe 23 of the outside surface of the bottom of the vertical section 20 of gas outlet pipe 18 and termination openings and enters pipe 25.The form of arranging is the vortex applicator of volution blade 30 in this ring-type gas enters pipe 25.
Cyclonic separator 1 of the present invention is disposed in the top 23 of reaction vessel.Because this reaction vessel is on record, its top 35 only is shown so will not discuss in detail.Because fluid-bed catalytic cracking unit also is on record, so other parts of this equipment will not illustrate.
When normal running, the mixture of gaseous product and granules of catalyst leaves reaction vertical tube 15 by hole 12.This mixture is sucked into to the entering in the pipe 10 of housing 2 openings, so this mixture just tangentially enters in the upper end 6 of housing 2 of cyclonic separator 1.The result just has a kind of mixture that turns round and round in housing 2, gaseous product just is discharged from housing 2 by gas outlet pipe 18.Granules of catalyst is fallen the lower end 4 of housing 2, and they are discharged from by particle vent pipe 16.The granules of catalyst of discharging is collected in the bottom (not shown) of reaction vessel, adheres to the stripping gas institute stripping that product on the particle is supplied to the reaction vessel bottom there.As a result, stripped vapor and just being flowed upward to by steam stripped mixture of products in the freeboard of fluidized bed on the top of reaction vessel below top 35.
This gaseous mixture also contains the granules of catalyst of being carried under one's arms on a small quantity, and these granules of catalyst must be eliminated from gaseous mixture.For this purpose, gaseous mixture enters pipe by ring-type gas and 25 is sucked in the upper end 6 of housing 2.Form is that the vortex applicator of volution blade 30 will be given eddying motion to gaseous mixture, and the granules of catalyst of being carried under one's arms just carries out initially-separate like this, along with mixture this separation that descends in housing 2 is carried out continuously.
Preferably vortex applicator 30 is disposed such, the sense of rotation that it is produced is identical with the sense of rotation of the mixture of gaseous product that comes autoreaction vertical tube 15 and granules of catalyst, the latter's vortex just can be increased like this, thereby can further improve the overall efficiency of cyclonic separator 1.
The outside diameter of vertical section 20 is preferably in the ratio of centre hole 8 diameters in 0.3 to 0.7 the scope.
37 of the lower ends of gas outlet pipe 18 are under the bottom 39 of admission port 14.But it is so far away that termination openings pipe 23 does not extend in cyclonic separator 1; It just extends to enter the part height of mouth 14.Distance between the top 41 of the lower end 40 of termination openings pipe 23 and admission port 14 is 10% to 60% of admission port 14 height.Do like this is that fluidic rotation in order vortex applicator 30 to be given leave admission port 14 reaches maximum efficiency.
In order to adapt to the difference of the thermal expansion between housing 2 and the gas outlet pipe 18, vortex applicator 30 can be fixed on the internal surface of termination openings pipe 23 or be fixed on the outside surface of vertical section 20 of gas outlet pipe 18, but can not be fixed on simultaneously on these two surfaces.
The number of volution blade 30 is suitably 2 to 8, is preferably 3 to 6.
Gas outlet pipe 18 can be directly connected to a plenum chamber (not shown), and this chamber is provided with a pneumatic outlet (not shown) that extends through top 35, and in this case, separator system includes only one and separates level.In another embodiment, gas outlet pipe 18 can be connected to auxiliary cyclonic separator (not shown), and the pneumatic outlet of this separator opens in the plenum chamber, and in this case, separator system comprises that two are separated level.
The upper end of reaction vertical tube 15 can be disposed in the reaction vessel (as shown in the figure), maybe can be set at outside the reaction vessel, enters the sidewall that pipe just must extend through reaction vessel like this.

Claims (8)

1.旋风分离器，它包括：一个垂直壳体，其下端敞开，其上端设有一盖，盖上有一中心孔；一个进入管，它用来从流化床催化裂化设备的竖管反应器的出口沿切向输入气体和催化剂颗粒的混合物；一个颗粒排出管，它与垂直壳体的敞开下端连通；和一个气体排放管，该管有一垂直段延伸通过盖上的中心孔；该旋风分离器还包括：一个布置在该中心孔内的端头开口的管子，以便在气体排出管的垂直段的至少一部分的外表面和端头开口管的内表面之间形成一个环状气体进入管；和布置在该环状气体进入管内的涡旋赋予装置。1. Cyclone separator, it comprises: a vertical casing, its lower end is open, and its upper end is provided with a cover, has a central hole on the cover; an outlet tangentially feeds a mixture of gas and catalyst particles; a particle discharge pipe which communicates with the open lower end of the vertical housing; and a gas discharge pipe which has a vertical section extending through a central hole in the cover; the cyclone separator Also comprising: an open-ended tube disposed within the central bore to form an annular gas inlet tube between an outer surface of at least a portion of the vertical section of the gas discharge tube and an inner surface of the open-ended tube; and Swirl imparting means arranged within the annular gas inlet tube. 2.按照权利要求1的旋风分离器，其特征为，气体排出管的垂直段的外直径对盖上中心孔的直径的比率为在0.3到0.7的范围内。2. Cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the outer diameter of the vertical section of the gas discharge pipe to the diameter of the central hole in the cover is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7. 3.按照权利要求1或2的旋风分离器，其特征为，气体排出管的下端位在用来沿切向输入气体和催化剂颗粒的混合物的进入管的下边之下。3. Cyclone separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower end of the gas discharge pipe is located below the lower edge of the inlet pipe for tangentially feeding the mixture of gas and catalyst particles. 4.按照权利要求1-3中任一项的旋风分离器，其特征为，所述端头开口管延伸到用来沿切向输入气体和催化剂颗粒的混合物的进入管的部分高度。4. Cyclone separator according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the open-ended pipe extends up to part of the height of the inlet pipe for tangentially feeding the mixture of gas and catalyst particles. 5.按照权利要求4的旋风分离器，其特征为，在端头开口管的下端和用来沿切向输入气体和催化剂颗粒的混合物的进入管的上边之间的距离为所说进入管高度的10％到60％。5. The cyclone separator according to claim 4, characterized in that the distance between the lower end of the open-ended pipe and the upper edge of the inlet pipe for tangentially inputting the mixture of gas and catalyst particles is said inlet pipe height 10% to 60%. 6.按照权利要求1-5中任一项的旋风分离器，其特征为，涡旋赋予装置可固定在端头开口管的内表面上，或气体排出管的垂直段的外表面上，但不可同时固定在这两个表面上。6. According to the cyclone separator according to any one of claims 1-5, it is characterized in that the vortex imparting means can be fixed on the inner surface of the open-ended pipe, or the outer surface of the vertical section of the gas discharge pipe, but It cannot be fixed to both surfaces at the same time. 7.按照权利要求1-6中任一项的旋风分离器，其特征为，涡旋赋予装置为2到8个涡旋叶片。7. Cyclone separator according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the swirl imparting means are 2 to 8 swirl blades. 8.在按照权利要求1-7中任一项的旋风分离器内从离开流态催化剂裂化竖管反应器的气态产物中分离出催化剂颗粒的方法，其中，旋风分离器被布置在反应容器的上部，气态产物通过进入管沿切向被送入到旋风器内，导致气态产物通过气体排放管从旋风器排走，而催化剂颗粒通过颗粒排放管从旋风器排走，然后排出的催化剂颗粒被收集在反应容器的下部，在那里粘附在颗粒上的气态产物被供到反应容器下部的汽提气体所汽提，导致汽提蒸汽、被汽提的产物和催化剂颗粒的气态混合物向上流动到反应容器上部的稀相区内，其中气态混合物通过环状气体进入管被抽吸到旋风器内。8. Method for separating catalyst particles from gaseous products leaving a fluid catalyst cracking standpipe reactor in a cyclone separator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cyclone separator is arranged in the reaction vessel In the upper part, the gaseous product is sent into the cyclone tangentially through the inlet pipe, causing the gaseous product to be discharged from the cyclone through the gas discharge pipe, and the catalyst particles are discharged from the cyclone through the particle discharge pipe, and then the discharged catalyst particles are Collected in the lower part of the reaction vessel, where the gaseous products adhering to the particles are stripped by the stripping gas supplied to the lower part of the reaction vessel, causing the gaseous mixture of stripping steam, stripped products and catalyst particles to flow upwards to In the dilute phase zone at the upper part of the reaction vessel, the gaseous mixture is sucked into the cyclone through the annular gas inlet pipe.
CN97197594A 1996-09-02 1997-09-01 Cyclone separator Expired - Fee Related CN1104960C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96202439.4 1996-09-02
EP96202439A EP0826425A1 (en) 1996-09-02 1996-09-02 Cyclone separator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1228720A CN1228720A (en) 1999-09-15
CN1104960C true CN1104960C (en) 2003-04-09

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CN97197594A Expired - Fee Related CN1104960C (en) 1996-09-02 1997-09-01 Cyclone separator

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JP (1) JP2002514133A (en)
KR (1) KR100492702B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1104960C (en)
AR (1) AR008426A1 (en)
AU (1) AU730238B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9711985A (en)
CA (1) CA2263691A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69717829T2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA977792B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102228872A (en) * 2011-05-30 2011-11-02 江苏科技大学 Cyclone water-powder-air separator

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KR20020022488A (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-03-27 강순국 A cyclone particle collector
US7736501B2 (en) 2002-09-19 2010-06-15 Suncor Energy Inc. System and process for concentrating hydrocarbons in a bitumen feed
CA2400258C (en) 2002-09-19 2005-01-11 Suncor Energy Inc. Bituminous froth inclined plate separator and hydrocarbon cyclone treatment process
CA2455011C (en) 2004-01-09 2011-04-05 Suncor Energy Inc. Bituminous froth inline steam injection processing
CA2567644C (en) 2005-11-09 2014-01-14 Suncor Energy Inc. Mobile oil sands mining system
US8168071B2 (en) 2005-11-09 2012-05-01 Suncor Energy Inc. Process and apparatus for treating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock
CA2526336C (en) 2005-11-09 2013-09-17 Suncor Energy Inc. Method and apparatus for oil sands ore mining
CA2689021C (en) 2009-12-23 2015-03-03 Thomas Charles Hann Apparatus and method for regulating flow through a pumpbox
FR2979255B1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2016-03-11 Total Raffinage Marketing REGENERATOR FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT WITH EXTERNAL CYCLONES.
TW201347827A (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-01 Everinn Internat Co Ltd Array type flow channel separator
CN104858044B (en) * 2014-02-21 2017-08-25 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of method of catalyst carrier classification
CN104971673B (en) * 2014-04-08 2017-03-08 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of short contact Cyclonic reactor of the heterogeneous hybrid reaction isolation integral of liquid liquid
CN110215765B (en) * 2019-04-18 2024-07-16 中国石油大学(北京) Cyclone separator and separation system for inhibiting coking of outer wall of riser

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE4136935A1 (en) * 1991-11-11 1993-05-13 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Cyclone filter to selectively separate solid particles from gas - by variation of pressure pattern within cyclone chamber
US5362379A (en) * 1991-12-27 1994-11-08 Amoco Corporation Open-bottomed cyclone with gas inlet tube and method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4136935A1 (en) * 1991-11-11 1993-05-13 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Cyclone filter to selectively separate solid particles from gas - by variation of pressure pattern within cyclone chamber
US5362379A (en) * 1991-12-27 1994-11-08 Amoco Corporation Open-bottomed cyclone with gas inlet tube and method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102228872A (en) * 2011-05-30 2011-11-02 江苏科技大学 Cyclone water-powder-air separator
CN102228872B (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-07-18 江苏科技大学 Cyclone water-powder-air separator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002514133A (en) 2002-05-14
KR100492702B1 (en) 2005-06-07
CN1228720A (en) 1999-09-15
DE69717829T2 (en) 2003-07-10
ZA977792B (en) 1998-03-03
CA2263691A1 (en) 1998-03-12
AR008426A1 (en) 2000-01-19
DE69717829D1 (en) 2003-01-23
KR20000068337A (en) 2000-11-25
AU730238B2 (en) 2001-03-01
AU4383097A (en) 1998-03-26
BR9711985A (en) 1999-08-24

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