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CN110470947B - A fault location method for grounding pole line suitable for MMC DC system - Google Patents

A fault location method for grounding pole line suitable for MMC DC system Download PDF

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CN110470947B
CN110470947B CN201910752644.9A CN201910752644A CN110470947B CN 110470947 B CN110470947 B CN 110470947B CN 201910752644 A CN201910752644 A CN 201910752644A CN 110470947 B CN110470947 B CN 110470947B
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CN110470947A (en
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李斌
孙强
何佳伟
李晔
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Tianjin University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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Abstract

The invention discloses a grounding electrode line fault distance measuring method suitable for an MMC direct current system, which is characterized in that a grounding electrode line fault is identified, and harmonic waves are injected; calculating the number of submodules of which the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm are required to be in a throwing state at the moment; the frequency generated on the direct current line is 1/T by correcting the number of the input sub-modulescThe alternating current harmonic component of (a); monitoring whether the running state of the MMC direct-current system is safe and stable when the harmonic waves are injected; obtaining the voltage of the current conversion side
Figure DDA0002167695610000011
Current at commutation side
Figure DDA0002167695610000012
Figure DDA0002167695610000013
Calculating the voltage homodromous component of the current conversion side
Figure DDA0002167695610000014
The same component and the reverse component of the current on the commutation side
Figure DDA0002167695610000015
Obtaining fault point voltage and current
Figure DDA0002167695610000016
Solving a ranging equation with respect to an expression for a fault distance x
Figure DDA0002167695610000017
The fault can be accurately positioned. Compared with the prior art, the invention is not affected by transition resistance and fault distance in principle, and can realize accurate distance measurement in high resistance and near-end fault; in addition, no additional signal transmitting device is needed to be added on the line, and the requirement on the sampling rate can be greatly reduced.

Description

Grounding electrode line fault distance measurement method suitable for MMC direct current system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system line fault protection and control, in particular to a distance measurement method for a fault position of a grounding electrode line.
Background
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current double-ended true bipolar MMC dc system model. The earth electrode is an important component of the earth electrode, and the occurrence of a line fault on the earth electrode can cause the converter station to be locked. Because the direct current arc has no natural zero crossing point and is not easy to extinguish, the direct current system needs to be stopped to extinguish the arc, and therefore, the system stability can be effectively improved by timely determining the fault position and quickly eliminating the fault. The accurate positioning of the grounding electrode line fault is a problem which must be considered in the construction of the MMC direct current engineering. At present, few distance measurement methods are provided for the line fault of the grounding electrode, and the existing method is difficult to obtain a good distance measurement effect under the working conditions of high-resistance grounding, near-end grounding and the like. In view of the current situation, it is necessary to provide an accurate and effective method for measuring the fault of the grounding electrode line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fault location method of a grounding electrode line suitable for an MMC direct current system, aiming at the problem that the fault location is determined after the grounding electrode line in the MMC direct current system has a fault, the fault location method of the grounding electrode line suitable for the MMC direct current system is provided, through controlling the quantity of sub modules thrown into each phase of an MMC converter station, alternating current harmonic components are injected into the direct current line, so that the grounding electrode line contains harmonic components with the same frequency, the voltage and the current of the head end of the grounding electrode line are measured, a location equation is solved by using the measuring result, the fault distance is solved, and a novel location method capable of accurately judging the fault location is realized.
The invention relates to a grounding electrode line fault distance measurement method suitable for an MMC direct current system, which is applied to the MMC direct current system comprising a converter station side J, a grounding electrode address side K and a fault point F, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, identifying a grounding electrode line fault, and starting to inject harmonic waves with a harmonic period of TcSetting the injection starting time t as 0 time;
step 2, calculating the number N of submodules of which the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm are in the input state at the momentuN、NdN；
Step 3, if
Figure GDA0003152109110000021
Wherein T represents time, TcRepresenting the set period of the injected AC harmonic, and correcting the number N of the submodules of the upper and lower bridge arms which are actually in the input state at the momentu、NdRespectively the number N of sub-modules put into the half periodu＝NuN-m、Nd＝NdN-m; otherwise, make the number in the half period be Nu＝NuN、Nd＝NdN(ii) a The frequency generated on the direct current line is 1/T by correcting the number of the input sub-modulescWith harmonic injection following Nu、NdIs controlled by the periodic variation of the pressure;
step 4, monitoring whether the running state of the MMC direct current system is safe and stable when the harmonic wave is injected: collecting voltage and current signals of a direct current line, and when the voltage fluctuation of the direct current line is not more than 5%, the MMC direct current system is safe and stable and can be continuously injected; if the voltage fluctuation of the direct current line exceeds 5%, immediately stopping injecting to avoid the instability of the MMC direct current system;
step 5, collecting voltage and current signals at the head end of the grounding electrode circuit;
step 6, filtering the voltage and current signals at the head end of the grounding electrode line by using a band-pass filter to obtain sinusoidal alternating current signals;
step 7, carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the alternating current signal to obtain a current conversion side voltage
Figure GDA0003152109110000022
I, II th loop line commutationSide current
Figure GDA0003152109110000023
Step 8, calculating the voltage homodromous component of the commutation side
Figure GDA0003152109110000024
The same component and the reverse component of the current on the commutation side
Figure GDA0003152109110000025
Figure GDA0003152109110000031
Step 9, reading in the characteristic impedance and the propagation constant Z of the equidirectional network and the reverse network of the grounding electrode circuit0c、Z0d、γc、γd；
Step 10, obtaining voltage and current of fault point
Figure GDA0003152109110000032
The expression for the fault distance x:
Figure GDA0003152109110000033
Figure GDA0003152109110000034
step 11, solving a distance measurement equation
Figure GDA0003152109110000035
And obtaining the distance between the fault point F and the converter station, namely the fault distance x, wherein the x represents the distance between the fault point F and the line head end J, the line head end J is the starting point of the fault distance, and the fault point F is the end point of the fault distance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is not affected by transition resistance and fault distance in principle, and can realize accurate distance measurement in high resistance and near-end fault; in addition, the requirement on the sampling rate can be greatly reduced without adding an additional signal transmitting device on the line to change the line structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-terminal MMC direct current system model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ground electrode double-circuit fault network;
fig. 3 is a schematic overall flow chart of a method for measuring a ground electrode line fault distance in an MMC dc system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. .
According to the grounding electrode line fault location method suitable for the MMC direct current system, alternating current harmonic components are injected actively on a direct current line through controlling the number of sub-modules thrown into each phase of an MMC converter station, so that harmonic components with the same frequency are generated on the grounding electrode line, voltage and current at the head end of the grounding electrode line are measured, and a location equation is solved by using the measurement result, so that faults can be located accurately.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ground double-circuit line fault network according to an embodiment of the present invention. J is a converter station side, K is a grounding electrode address side, and F is a fault point; rFAs ground resistance at fault, REIs the earth electrode address resistance, l is the line length, x is the distance between the fault point F and the converter station,
Figure GDA0003152109110000041
respectively, the fault point voltage and the current phasor, I, II respectively represent the loop I and the loop II, and the fault occurs in the loop II as an example in the figure.
As shown in fig. 3, a method for measuring a ground line fault in an MMC dc system according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, identifying faults through earth electrode line current unbalance protection, earth electrode line overcurrent protection and the like, and starting to inject harmonic waves with a harmonic wave period of TcAre combined withA time when injection start time t is 0 (t is 0);
step 2, calculating the number N of submodules of which the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm are in the input state at the momentuN、NdN，NuN、NdNThe number of submodules which are respectively added to an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm and are calculated according to a common 'nearest level approximation modulation' mode is shown, and the injection of harmonic waves is realized according to the correction of the number;
step 3, if
Figure GDA0003152109110000042
Wherein T represents time, TcRepresenting the set period of the injected AC harmonic, and correcting the number N of the submodules of the upper and lower bridge arms which are actually in the input state at the momentu、NdRespectively the number N of sub-modules put into the half periodu＝NuN-m、Nd＝NdN-m; otherwise, make the number in the half period be Nu＝NuN、Nd＝NdN(ii) a The frequency generated on the direct current line is 1/T by correcting the number of the input sub-modulescWith harmonic injection following Nu、NdIs controlled by the periodic variation of the pressure;
step 4, monitoring whether the running state of the MMC direct current system is safe and stable when the harmonic wave is injected: collecting voltage and current signals of a direct current line, and when the voltage fluctuation of the direct current line is not more than 5%, the MMC direct current system is safe and stable and can be continuously injected; if the voltage fluctuation of the direct current line exceeds 5%, immediately stopping injecting to avoid the instability of the MMC direct current system;
step 5, collecting voltage and current signals at the head end of the grounding electrode circuit;
step 6, filtering the voltage and current signals at the head end of the grounding electrode line by using a band-pass filter to obtain sinusoidal alternating current signals;
step 7, carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the alternating current signal to obtain a current conversion side voltage
Figure GDA0003152109110000051
Current at commutation side
Figure GDA0003152109110000052
Subscripts 1, 2 denote the I, II th return line of the double-return ground line, respectively;
step 8, calculating the voltage homodromous component of the commutation side
Figure GDA0003152109110000053
The same component and the reverse component of the current on the commutation side
Figure GDA0003152109110000054
Figure GDA0003152109110000055
Step 9, reading in the characteristic impedance and the propagation constant Z of the equidirectional network and the reverse network of the grounding electrode circuit0c、Z0d、γc、γd；
Step 10, obtaining voltage and current of fault point
Figure GDA0003152109110000056
The expression for the fault distance x:
Figure GDA0003152109110000057
Figure GDA0003152109110000058
step 11, solving a distance measurement equation
Figure GDA0003152109110000059
And obtaining the distance between the fault point F and the converter station, namely the fault distance x, wherein the fault distance x represents the distance between the fault point F and the line head end J, the line head end J is a fault distance starting point, and the fault point F is a fault distance end point.

Claims (1)

1.一种适用于MMC直流系统的接地极线路故障测距方法，应用于包含换流站侧J、接地极极址侧K和故障点F的MMC直流系统，其特征在于，该系方法的具体步骤如下：1. a grounding pole line fault location method that is applicable to MMC direct current system, is applied to the MMC direct current system comprising converter station side J, grounding pole address side K and fault point F, it is characterized in that, the method of this system Specific steps are as follows: 步骤1、识别接地极线路故障，开始注入谐波，谐波周期为Tc，并设开始注入时刻t为0时刻；Step 1. Identify the fault of the ground electrode line, start to inject harmonics, the harmonic cycle is T c , and set the start injection time t to be time 0; 步骤2、计算上、下桥臂此时应处于投入状态的子模块数量NuN、NdN；Step 2. Calculate the number of sub-modules N uN and N dN that should be in the input state of the upper and lower bridge arms at this time; 步骤3、若
Figure FDA0003152109100000011
其中，t表示时刻，Tc表示设定的注入交流谐波的周期，修正上、下桥臂此时实际处于投入状态的子模块数量Nu、Nd分别为半周期内投入子模块数量Nu＝NuN-m、Nd＝NdN-m；否则，令半周期内数量为Nu＝NuN、Nd＝NdN；通过对投入子模块数量的修正，使得在直流线路上产生频率为1/Tc的交流谐波分量，谐波的注入随着Nu、Nd的周期性变化而得到控制；Step 3. If
Figure FDA0003152109100000011
Among them, t represents the time, T c represents the set period of injecting AC harmonics, and the number of sub-modules N u and N d that are actually in the input state of the corrected upper and lower bridge arms at this time are respectively the number N of sub-modules input in the half cycle u =N uN -m, N d =N dN -m; otherwise, let the number in the half cycle be Nu =N uN , N d =N dN ; by correcting the number of input sub-modules, the generation of AC harmonic components with a frequency of 1/T c , the injection of harmonics is controlled with the periodic changes of Nu and N d ; 步骤4、监控MMC直流系统在注入谐波时的运行状态是否安全稳定：采集直流线路的电压和电流信号，当直流线路的电压波动不超过5％时，MMC直流系统安全稳定，可继续注入；若直流线路的电压波动超过5％，立即停止注入以避免MMC直流系统失稳；Step 4. Monitor whether the operation state of the MMC DC system is safe and stable when injecting harmonics: collect the voltage and current signals of the DC line, when the voltage fluctuation of the DC line does not exceed 5%, the MMC DC system is safe and stable, and can continue to inject; If the voltage fluctuation of the DC line exceeds 5%, stop the injection immediately to avoid the instability of the MMC DC system; 步骤5、采集接地极线路首端的电压和电流信号；Step 5. Collect the voltage and current signals at the head end of the ground electrode line; 步骤6、利用带通滤波器对接地极线路首端的电压和电流信号进行滤波处理，获得正弦交流信号；Step 6. Use a band-pass filter to filter the voltage and current signals at the head end of the grounding pole line to obtain a sinusoidal AC signal; 步骤7、对交流信号进行FFT变换，得到换流侧电压
Figure FDA0003152109100000012
第I、II回线路的换电流
Figure FDA0003152109100000013
Step 7. Perform FFT transformation on the AC signal to obtain the commutation side voltage
Figure FDA0003152109100000012
The commutation current of the I and II circuits
Figure FDA0003152109100000013
 步骤8、计算换流侧电压同向分量
Figure FDA0003152109100000014
换流侧电流的同向分量和反向分量
Figure FDA0003152109100000015
Step 8. Calculate the in-direction component of the commutator side voltage
Figure FDA0003152109100000014
In-direction and opposite components of the commutating side current
Figure FDA0003152109100000015
Figure FDA0003152109100000021
Figure FDA0003152109100000021
 步骤9、读入接地极线路同向网络和反向网络的特征阻抗和传播常数Z0c、Z0d、γc、γd；Step 9. Read in the characteristic impedance and propagation constants Z 0c , Z 0d , γ c , and γ d of the co-directional network and the reverse network of the ground electrode line; 步骤10、得到故障点电压和电流
Figure FDA0003152109100000022
关于故障距离x的表达式：Step 10. Obtain the voltage and current at the fault point
Figure FDA0003152109100000022
The expression for the fault distance x:
Figure FDA0003152109100000023
Figure FDA0003152109100000023
Figure FDA0003152109100000024
Figure FDA0003152109100000024
 步骤11、通过求解测距方程
Figure FDA0003152109100000025
得到故障点F距换流站距离，即故障距离x，x表示故障处F距离线路首端J的距离，线路首端J即为故障距离起点，故障处F为故障距离终点。Step 11. By solving the ranging equation
Figure FDA0003152109100000025
The distance between the fault point F and the converter station is obtained, that is, the fault distance x, x represents the distance between the fault point F and the line head J, the line head J is the starting point of the fault distance, and the fault point F is the end point of the fault distance.
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