CN110444785A - Dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, battery and battery pile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, a battery and a battery stack; it includes an anode plate and a cathode plate tightly pressed together; There are grooves; the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with a fuel gas inlet, a fuel gas outlet, an oxidant gas inlet, an oxidant gas outlet and a drain; wherein, the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet on the anode plate are connected to the anode plate The grooves of the cathode plate are connected; the oxidant gas inlet and the oxidant gas outlet on the cathode plate are connected with the grooves on the cathode plate, and each groove is filled with a porous three-dimensional substrate filling block; through the structural design of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate To solve the problem that the existing bipolar plate is thin, grooves are set on the bipolar plate, and gas flow channels are set in the grooves. The processing technology is complicated, and it is not conducive to the diffusion of gas. Troubleshoot technical issues in a timely manner.

Description

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates, cells and cell stacks

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, a battery and a battery stack.

Background technique

A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy through an electrode reaction. A fuel cell is generally constructed of a plurality of cells, each cell comprising two electrodes (an anode and a cathode), separated by an electrolyte element, and assembled in series with each other to form a fuel cell stack. The electrochemical reaction is achieved by supplying the appropriate reactants to each electrode, ie fuel to one electrode and oxidant to the other, creating a potential difference between the electrodes and thereby generating electrical energy.

There are generally three inlets and three outlets on the bipolar plate, and the six holes are connected with the gas flow channel in the middle reaction area through the inlet and outlet fluid channels. The surface reacts. Existing bipolar plates are provided with gas channels. However, in order to reduce the resistance to current and heat conduction, the bipolar plates are thinner, and grooves are opened on the bipolar plates, and gas channels are arranged in the grooves. , the processing technology is complicated, and it is not conducive to the diffusion of gas and reduces the reaction rate. At the same time, the design of the flow channel is not conducive to the timely discharge of water.

Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention urgently needs to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, battery and battery stack.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, battery and cell stack, through the structural design of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate to solve the thin bipolar plate existing in the prior art Grooves are set on the electrode plate, and gas flow channels are set in the grooves. The processing technology is complicated, and it is not conducive to the diffusion of gas and reduces the reaction rate. At the same time, the design of the flow channels is not conducive to the technical problem of timely discharge of water.

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate provided by the invention comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate tightly pressed together; grooves are opened on the surface of the anode plate and the cathode plate; grooves are opened on the anode plate and the cathode plate There are fuel gas inlets, fuel gas outlets, oxidant gas inlets, oxidant gas outlets and drains; wherein, the fuel gas inlets and fuel gas outlets on the anode plate are connected to the grooves on the anode plate; the oxidant gas inlets on the cathode plate Both the gas outlet and the oxidant gas outlet communicate with the grooves on the cathode plate, and each groove is filled with porous three-dimensional base filling blocks.

Preferably, the inner bottom of the groove is arranged on a plane.

Preferably, the depth of the groove is 0.05mm-1mm.

Preferably, the porous three-dimensional base packing block is a porous nickel mesh.

Preferably, the porosity of the porous three-dimensional base packing block is 85%-98%.

Preferably, the thickness of the porous three-dimensional base packing block is 0.05mm-1mm.

Preferably, grooves are provided on the outer surface and inner surface of the anode plate, and grooves are provided on the outer surface of the cathode plate.

The present invention also includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising a plurality of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates arranged side by side as described in any one of the above proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates are provided with protons between adjacent two proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates exchange membrane.

The present invention also includes a cell stack, which includes two oppositely arranged left end plates and right end plates, and a plurality of stacked proton exchange membrane fuel cells as described above are arranged between the left end plates and the right end plates.

Preferably, the left end plate is sequentially provided with an oxidant gas input port, a water input port and a fuel gas input port connected with the left end plate from top to bottom, and the right end plate is provided with a fuel gas output port connected with the right end plate, a water output port and a Oxidant gas outlet.

A kind of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, battery and battery stack provided by the present invention have following progress compared with prior art:

1. In the present invention, the anode plate and the cathode plate are tightly pressed together; the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with grooves; the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with a fuel gas inlet, a fuel gas outlet, and an oxidant gas Inlet, oxidant gas outlet and drain; wherein, the fuel gas inlet and fuel gas outlet on the anode plate are connected to the groove on the anode plate; the oxidant gas inlet and oxidant gas outlet on the cathode plate are connected to the groove on the cathode plate The grooves are connected, and each groove is filled with a porous three-dimensional base filling block; the porous three-dimensional base filling block is a porous nickel mesh; the inner bottom of the groove is designed as a plane, and the porous three-dimensional base filling block with high porosity is used to fill the groove. The groove is no longer provided with a gas flow channel, and only filled with porous three-dimensional base filling blocks, while ensuring that the inner bottom of the groove is set on a plane, so that the porous three-dimensional base filling blocks are closely attached to the ground of the groove. When the fuel gas and oxidant gas Enter the corresponding grooves from the anode plate and the cathode plate respectively, and the fuel gas and oxidant gas diffuse in the corresponding porous three-dimensional substrate filling blocks to ensure the uniformity of the diffusion of the fuel gas and oxidant gas, thereby ensuring the generation of fuel gas and oxidant gas. The stability of the reaction; the design of the drain port is conducive to the discharge of production water during the reaction process; the groove filled with porous nickel mesh can realize the structure of the three-dimensional flow channel, which can eliminate the need to open flow channels on the anode plate and the cathode plate, reducing the The difficulty and cost of processing.

2. The depth of the groove in the present invention is 0.05mm-1mm; the depth of the preferred groove in this embodiment is 1mm; the thickness of the porous three-dimensional substrate filling block is 0.05mm-1mm; the preferred porous three-dimensional substrate filling in this embodiment The thickness of the block is 1mm, which is convenient for processing and installation, and at the same time ensures the effective diffusion of gas.

3. The porosity of the porous three-dimensional base filling block in the present invention is 85%-98%, which ensures the compactness of the pores and the effective diffusion of gas.

4. The present invention is provided with grooves on the outer surface and inner surface of the anode plate, and the design of grooves on the outer surface of the cathode plate further ensures the uniformity of fuel gas diffusion and ensures that the fuel gas and oxidant gas The uniformity of the reaction ensures the stable supply of electricity and the safety of the car.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific implementation or description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings show some implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation (front sectional view) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate described in the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation (perspective view) of anode plate of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view (front sectional view) of the battery described in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view (front sectional view) of the battery stack in the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

1. Anode plate; 2. Cathode plate; 3. Groove; 4. Fuel gas inlet; 5. Fuel gas outlet; 6. Oxidant gas inlet; 7. Oxidant gas outlet; 9. Porous three-dimensional substrate filling block; 8. Drainage 10, proton exchange membrane; 11, oxidant gas input port; 12, water input port; 13, fuel gas input port; 14, left end plate; 15, right end plate; 16, fuel gas output port; 17, water output port ; 18. Oxidant gas outlet;

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or in a specific orientation. construction and operation, therefore, should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate provided in the present embodiment comprises anode plate 1 and cathode plate 2 tightly pressed together; There are grooves 3; the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are provided with a fuel gas inlet 4, a fuel gas outlet 5, an oxidant gas inlet 6, an oxidant gas outlet 7 and a water outlet 8; wherein, the fuel gas inlet on the anode plate 1 4 and the fuel gas outlet 5 are all communicated with the groove 3 on the anode plate 1; the oxidant gas inlet 6 and the oxidant gas outlet 7 on the cathode plate 2 are all communicated with the groove 3 on the cathode plate 2, and each groove 3 is filled with There is a porous three-dimensional base filling block 9; the porous three-dimensional base filling block is a porous nickel mesh; the inner bottom of the groove 2 is arranged on a plane.

In the present invention, the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are tightly pressed together; the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are provided with grooves 3; the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are provided with fuel gas inlets 4, Fuel gas outlet 5, oxidant gas inlet 6, oxidant gas outlet 7 and drain port 8; wherein, the fuel gas inlet 4 and fuel gas outlet 5 on the anode plate 1 are all communicated with the groove 3 on the anode plate 1; the cathode plate 2 The oxidant gas inlet 6 and the oxidant gas outlet 7 on the cathode plate 2 are all in communication with the groove 3 on the cathode plate 2, and each groove 3 is filled with a porous three-dimensional base filling block 9; the porous three-dimensional base filling block is a porous nickel mesh; the groove 3 The inner bottom of the tank is designed with a plane setting, and the groove 3 is filled with a porous three-dimensional base filling block 9 with high porosity. The gas flow channel is no longer arranged in the groove 3, and only the porous three-dimensional base filling block is filled, while ensuring that the groove 2 The inner bottom of the tank is set in a plane, so that the porous three-dimensional base filling block is closely attached to the ground of the groove 3. When the fuel gas and the oxidant gas enter the corresponding groove 3 from the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 respectively, the fuel gas and the oxidant gas Diffusion in the corresponding porous three-dimensional base packing block 9 respectively, to ensure the uniformity of the diffusion of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas, thereby ensuring the stability of the reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidant gas; the design of the outlet 8 is conducive to the production of water during the reaction process Discharge; the groove 3 filled with porous nickel mesh can realize the structure of the three-dimensional flow channel, which can save the opening of the flow channel on the anode plate and the cathode plate, and reduce the difficulty and cost of processing.

The key point of the present invention is to fill the porous three-dimensional base filling block 9 in the groove 3, so that the three-dimensional flow field structure is formed in the groove 3 to ensure the stable diffusion of the gas, the diffusion is more uniform, and the smoothness of entering the reaction zone is ensured. A flow channel is set inside the groove 3, and the processing of the flow channel is complicated, which affects the rigidity of the cathode plate or the anode plate. Therefore, the present invention fills the groove 3 with a porous three-dimensional base filling block 9 design, which greatly reduces the production difficulty of the anode plate and the cathode plate. , and at the same time ensure the stable progress of the reaction and provide stable power for the car; the 9 peripheral walls of the porous three-dimensional base filling block and the inner wall of the groove 3 are closely attached to ensure the accuracy of the design of the three-dimensional flow field structure.

The depth of the groove 3 in the present invention is 0.05mm-1mm; the depth of the preferred groove 3 of the present embodiment is 1mm; the thickness of the porous three-dimensional substrate filling block 9 is 0.05mm-1mm; the preferred porous three-dimensional substrate of the present embodiment The thickness of the filling block 9 is 1 mm, which is convenient for processing and installation, and at the same time ensures effective diffusion of gas.

In the present invention, the porosity of the porous three-dimensional base packing block 9 is 85%-98%, which ensures the compactness of the pores and the effective diffusion of gas.

As shown in FIG. 1 , grooves 3 are provided on the outer and inner surfaces of the anode plate 1 in this embodiment, and grooves 3 are provided on the outer surface of the cathode plate 2 .

In the present invention, grooves 3 are provided on the outer surface and the inner surface of the anode plate 1, and the outer surface of the cathode plate 2 is provided with the design of the groove 3, which further ensures the uniformity of fuel gas diffusion and ensures that the fuel gas and The uniformity of the oxidant gas reaction ensures the stable supply of electricity and the safety of the car.

The present invention also includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising a plurality of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates arranged side by side as described in any one of the above proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates are provided with protons between adjacent two proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates exchange membrane 10.

As shown in Figure 4, the present invention also includes a battery stack, including two oppositely arranged left end plates 14 and right end plates 15, between the left end plate 14 and the right end plate 15 are provided with a plurality of stacked proton exchange devices as described above Membrane fuel cell; the left end plate 14 is sequentially provided with an oxidant gas input port 11, a water input port 12, and a fuel gas input port 13 that are connected with the left end plate 14 from top to bottom, and the right end plate 15 is provided with a fuel gas that is connected with the right end plate 15. Gas outlet 16, water outlet 17 and oxidant gas outlet 18.

The preparation process of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is as follows:

All offer groove 3 on the outer plate surface of anode plate 1 and the inner plate surface, offer groove 3 on the outer plate surface of cathode plate 2, the groove on the outer plate surface of positive plate 1, the groove of anode plate 1 The grooves on the inner plate surface and the grooves on the outer plate surface of the cathode plate 2 are all filled with porous three-dimensional base filling blocks 9, and the inner plate surface of the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 filled with the porous three-dimensional base filling blocks 9 The inner plate is closely attached to form a bipolar plate.

The preparation process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is as follows: place two proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates in parallel, place a proton exchange membrane 10 on the two proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates, and clamp to form a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

The preparation process of the cell stack is as follows: a plurality of proton exchange membrane fuel cells are stacked together, end plates are placed on both sides, and the cell stack is formed by clamping.

The working process of the battery stack: hydrogen is input from the fuel gas input port 13 on the left end plate 14, oxygen is input from the oxidant gas output port 11 on the left end plate 14, and hydrogen enters the groove 3 from the fuel gas inlet 4 on the anode plate 1 , flows and diffuses in the porous three-dimensional substrate packing block 9, the purpose is to achieve a more uniform diffusion of hydrogen gas after entering the reaction zone. After diffusion, hydrogen gas enters the proton exchange membrane 10 from the fuel gas outlet 5; oxygen gas enters from the oxidant gas inlet on the cathode plate 2 6 enters the groove, enters the porous three-dimensional base filling block 9 in the groove 3 of the cathode plate 2, and flows and diffuses in the porous three-dimensional base filling block 9. The purpose is to realize a more uniform diffusion of oxygen after entering the reaction zone. The outlet 7 enters the proton exchange membrane 10 to react with hydrogen, and the water produced by the reaction is discharged from the water outlet 8 and the water outlet 17 in sequence.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, it is characterised in that: including pressing in the anode plate (1) and cathode of one Plate (2)；Fluted (3) are opened up in the plate face of anode plate (1) and cathode plate (2)；It is opened on anode plate (1) and cathode plate (2) Equipped with fuel gas inlet (4), fuel gas outlet (5), oxidant gas inlet ports (6), oxidant gas outlet (7) and draining Mouth (8)；Wherein, the fuel gas inlet (4) on anode plate (1) and fuel gas outlet (5) with the groove on anode plate (1) (3) it is connected to；Oxidant gas inlet ports (6) and oxidant gas outlet (7) on cathode plate (2) with it is recessed on cathode plate (2) Slot (3) connection, each groove (3) is interior to be filled with porous three-dimensional substrate filling block (9).

2. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the interior bottom of groove (3) is in Plane setting.

3. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the depth of groove (3) is 0.05mm-1mm。

4. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: porous three-dimensional Substrate filling block (9) is porous nickel screen.

5. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: porous three-dimensional substrate filling block (9) porosity is 85%-98%.

6. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: porous three-dimensional substrate filling block (9) with a thickness of 0.05mm-1mm.

7. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the outer plate surface of anode plate (1) Be all provided on inner plate surface fluted (3), the outer plate surface of cathode plate (2) is equipped with groove (3).

8. a proton exchanging film fuel battery, it is characterised in that: including multiple arranged side by side as any in claim 1-7 Proton exchange is equipped between adjacent two dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell described in Film (10).

9. a kind of battery pile, it is characterised in that: the left side plate (14) and right end plate (15) being oppositely arranged including two, left side plate (14) Multiple Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 8 stacked are equipped between right end plate (15).

10. fuel cell pack according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: left side plate (14) be successively arranged from top to bottom with Oxidant gas input port (11), water input (12) and fuel gas input port (13) of left side plate (14) perforation, right end plate (15) the fuel gas delivery outlet (16) penetrated through with right end plate (15), water output (17) and oxidant gas delivery outlet are equipped with (18)。