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CN110207963B - Free-free boundary simulation device for air spring elastic support vertical structure - Google Patents

Free-free boundary simulation device for air spring elastic support vertical structure Download PDF

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CN110207963B
CN110207963B CN201910456833.1A CN201910456833A CN110207963B CN 110207963 B CN110207963 B CN 110207963B CN 201910456833 A CN201910456833 A CN 201910456833A CN 110207963 B CN110207963 B CN 110207963B
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air spring
air
test piece
test
free
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CN110207963A (en
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张永亮
李宝海
王薇
李会娜
李庆新
刘文会
左祥昌
丁洋
孝春成
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China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology CALT
Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering
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China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology CALT
Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts

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Abstract

The invention relates to a free-free boundary simulation device of an air spring elastic support erecting structure, wherein a test piece is erected and supported, a switching tool is arranged on the lower surface of the test piece, a plurality of air springs are uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the switching tool, a displacement protection block is arranged between two adjacent air springs, one end of each air spring, which is far away from the test piece, is connected with a corresponding air spring additional air chamber, each air spring additional air chamber is fixed on a test fixing surface, each displacement protection block is also fixed on the test fixing surface, and a corresponding air spring pressure gauge is arranged on each air spring. The method performs free-free boundary simulation test on the vertical test piece by optimizing the support and layout of the air spring, provides multiple protections, and ensures the test effectiveness and safety.

Description

Free-free boundary simulation device for air spring elastic support vertical structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to a free-free boundary simulation device for an air spring elastic support vertical structure, and belongs to the field of structural dynamic test equipment.
Background
The structure dynamic characteristic test is a conventional and important link in the product development process, and the general purpose of the test is to examine the dynamic characteristic parameters of the structure of the product in a real state; for carrying spacecrafts and missile weapons, important design parameters of an attitude control stabilization system can be provided for the spacecrafts and the missile weapons, and meanwhile, important parameters can also be provided for correcting a theoretical prediction model; the method can also be used for structural health detection, structural design defect discovery and the like. The product state is a decisive factor for determining the structural dynamic characteristic parameters. Therefore, how to safely, efficiently and inexpensively ensure the state of a test product in a test field is an important link in the planning of the early implementation of the structural dynamic characteristic test and the implementation process of the test.
The structural dynamic characteristic test generally needs a set of complex boundary simulation systems to ensure the boundary conditions of the tested products, and is usually carried out in a special test field, such as a vibration tower of a carrier rocket and a missile full-size test. For the section and subsystem level test pieces, a portal frame is generally built on a test site, or the free-free boundary condition of a simulated test product is realized by utilizing horizontal suspension or horizontal support of a site crane.
However, the prior art has the following problems for the test products with the following series of problems:
(1) the problem of insufficient hanging height exists in a test site;
(2) the problem that the hoisting capacity of a crane is insufficient exists in a test site;
(3) the final assembly of the test product requires firm, stable and safe boundary support;
(4) the test product is vertically assembled, and the hoisting and overturning functions of the test product cannot be realized after the assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects and requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a free-free boundary simulation device for an air spring elastic support vertical structure, which is used for carrying out a free-free boundary simulation test on a vertical test piece by optimizing the support and the layout of an air spring, providing multiple protections and ensuring the test effectiveness and safety.
(II) technical scheme
A free-free boundary simulation device of an air spring elastic support erecting structure is characterized in that a test piece is erected and supported, a switching tool is arranged on the lower surface of the test piece, a plurality of air springs are uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the switching tool, a displacement protection block is arranged between two adjacent air springs, one end, deviating from the test piece, of each air spring is connected with a corresponding air spring additional air chamber, each air spring additional air chamber is fixed on a test fixing surface, each displacement protection block is also fixed on the test fixing surface, and a corresponding air spring pressure gauge is arranged on each air spring.
The air springs are arranged on the lower end face of the test piece in the vertical state and distributed along the circumference of the test piece.
The test piece upper segment sets up and centers on and tightly wraps the band of test piece external diameter, a plurality of edges of equipartition are followed on the band the elastic support area of test piece radial extension, the elastic support area includes rope and elastic element, the rope is wire rope or nylon rope, elastic element is spring or rubber rope.
Each air spring additional air chamber is connected to an air delivery pipeline through a respective air delivery pipeline branch, a corresponding air spring air delivery valve is arranged on each air delivery pipeline branch, an air source switch valve is arranged on each air delivery pipeline, and each air delivery pipeline is connected to an air source.
And determining the arrangement quantity and the layout scheme of the air springs according to the support requirement and the mass distribution characteristic of the vertical test piece.
The number of the air springs is 3, the supporting system is a static system, and the target working pressure value of the air springs is determined according to the mass distribution characteristics of the test piece.
The number of the air springs is more than 4, the supporting system is a hyperstatic system, and the hyperstatic problem is converted: firstly, a system force and moment balance equation is established, then an optimized objective function is established by taking the target working pressure average value of the air spring as a target value, and then the target pressure value of each air spring is obtained based on the theoretical mass distribution state of a test piece.
And designing an additional air chamber of the air spring according to the requirement of the supporting frequency.
And designing the rigidity of the spring according to the rigidity and stability requirements of the system.
The use method of the free-free boundary simulator of the air spring elastic support upright structure comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly installing the switching tool and the air spring in place, and connecting the test piece in the vertical state with the switching tool and carrying the test piece by using a displacement protection block;
s2, mounting a wrapping belt, a spring and a steel wire rope to prevent the test piece from toppling;
s3, opening an air source switch valve of an air source, synchronously controlling the opening state of an air transmission valve of the air spring, and monitoring each air spring pressure gauge;
s4, when a height gap is formed between the switching tool and the displacement protection block, opening of an air spring air valve at the position where the gap is not formed is cooperatively controlled, and a safe and stable supporting height is formed between the vertical and stable test piece in the vertical state and the displacement protection block;
s5, under the supporting state, setting a target working pressure value of each air spring, and performing closed-loop control on the target working pressure value by using an air source;
and S6, carrying out a test.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention relates to a free-free boundary simulation device for an air spring elastic support vertical structure, which adopts a mode of supporting the bottom of an air spring to simulate the free-free boundary of a vertical state of a test piece. In order to ensure the vertical state of the test piece, the switching tool is used for connecting the air spring and the test piece, namely, a bottom supporting mode is adopted, the static strength requirement of the switching tool is reduced, and the influence of a boundary simulation system on the test result is ensured to be small;
referring to a first-order elastic frequency reference value of a free boundary of a test product, wherein the first-order elastic frequency reference value comprises transverse, torsional and longitudinal elastic first-order frequencies, and preliminarily determining the rigidity design requirement and the distribution scheme of the air spring supporting system according to the relevant standard requirement of the ratio of the free boundary simulation rigid body frequency and the elastic frequency of the structural dynamic characteristic test;
in order to meet the requirement of the transverse stability of a test system by referring to the mass characteristics of a test piece and the rigidity and distribution mode of the air springs, a transverse protection device and a limiting safety device are designed;
the air springs are selected, air supply systems of a plurality of sets of air springs are refined, the synchronous and independent control capacity of each set of air spring can be realized, and the use requirement that the loads of the air springs are inconsistent due to eccentricity of a test piece is met;
for the states of four or more air spring supports, the control of the definite target pressure value of the system is realized by converting the hyperstatic problem into a force balance equation and a target function optimization problem, and further the free boundary simulation of the system is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the supported state of the air spring resilient support upright structure free-free boundary simulator of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall control of the free-free boundary simulator of the air spring elastic support upright structure of the invention.
In the figure, 1-test piece; 2-switching over the tooling; 3-displacement protection block; 4-an air spring; 5-air spring additional air chamber; 6-air spring pressure gauge; 7-a steel wire rope; 8-a spring; 9-wrapping a belt; 10-a gas source; 11-gas transmission pipeline; 12-gas source switch valve; 13-air spring air delivery valve.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, according to the free-free boundary simulation device for the air spring elastic support erecting structure, a test piece 1 is erected and supported, a switching tool 2 is arranged on the lower surface of the test piece 1, a plurality of air springs 4 are uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the switching tool 2, a displacement protection block 3 is arranged between two adjacent air springs 4, one end, away from the test piece 1, of each air spring 4 is connected with a corresponding air spring additional air chamber 5, each air spring additional air chamber 5 is fixed on a test fixing surface, each displacement protection block 3 is also fixed on the test fixing surface, and a corresponding air spring pressure gauge 6 is arranged on each air spring 4.
The air springs 4 are arranged on the lower end face of the test piece 1 in the vertical state and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the test piece.
Referring to fig. 2, a wrapping belt 9 surrounding and tightly wrapping the outer diameter of the test piece 1 is arranged at the upper section of the test piece 1, a plurality of elastic supporting belts extending along the radial direction of the test piece 1 are uniformly distributed on the wrapping belt 9, the elastic supporting belts comprise steel wire ropes 7 and springs 8, and a combination of nylon ropes and elastic ropes can be further adopted.
Each air spring additional air chamber 5 is connected to an air transmission pipeline 11 through a respective air transmission pipeline branch, a corresponding air spring air transmission valve 13 is arranged on each air transmission pipeline branch, an air source switch valve 12 is arranged on each air transmission pipeline 11, and each air transmission pipeline 11 is connected to an air source 10.
The number of air springs 4 to be provided is determined according to the support requirement and the mass distribution characteristics of the upright test piece 1.
The number of the air springs 4 is 3, the supporting system is a statically determinate system, and the target working pressure value of the air springs 4 is determined according to the mass distribution characteristics of the test piece 1.
The number of the air springs 4 is more than 4, the supporting system is a hyperstatic system, and the hyperstatic problem is converted: firstly, a system force and moment balance equation is established, then an optimized objective function is established by taking the target working pressure average value of the air springs 4 as a target value, and then the target pressure value of each air spring 4 is obtained based on the theoretical mass distribution state of the test piece 1.
The design of the additional air chamber 5 of the air spring is carried out according to the requirement of the supporting frequency.
The design of the stiffness of the spring 8 is made according to the stiffness and stability requirements of the system.
The use method of the free-free boundary simulator of the air spring elastic support upright structure comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly installing the switching tool 2 and the air spring 4 in place, and connecting the test piece 1 in the vertical state with the switching tool 2 and carrying the test piece by using the displacement protection block 3;
s2, mounting a wrapping belt 9, a spring 8 and a steel wire rope 7 to prevent the test piece 1 from toppling;
s3, opening an air source switch valve 12 of an air source 10, synchronously controlling the opening state of an air spring air delivery valve 13, and monitoring each air spring pressure gauge 6;
s4, when a height gap exists between the switching tool 2 and the displacement protection block 3, cooperatively controlling the air spring air valve 13 at the position where the gap does not exist to be opened, and ensuring that the test piece 1 in a vertical and stable state and the displacement protection block 3 form a safe and stable supporting height;
s5, under the supporting state, setting a target working pressure value of each air spring 4, and performing closed-loop control on the target working pressure value by using the air source 10;
and S6, carrying out a test.

Claims (2)

1.一种空气弹簧弹性支撑竖立结构自由-自由边界模拟装置，其特征在于，试验件被竖立支撑，试验件下表面设置转接工装，所述转接工装的下表面均布若干空气弹簧，两彼此相邻的空气弹簧之间设置位移保护块，各空气弹簧背离试验件的一端连接相应的空气弹簧附加气室，各空气弹簧附加气室固定于试验固定面，各位移保护块也固定于试验固定面，各空气弹簧上设置相应的空气弹簧压力表；空气弹簧设置于竖立状态的试验件的下端面并沿其圆周分布；1. an air spring elastic support erection structure free-free boundary simulation device, it is characterized in that, test piece is supported upright, and test piece lower surface is provided with transfer tooling, and the lower surface of described transfer tooling is evenly distributed with some air springs, Displacement protection blocks are arranged between two air springs adjacent to each other, and the end of each air spring away from the test piece is connected to the corresponding air spring additional air chamber, each air spring additional air chamber is fixed on the test fixing surface, and each displacement protection block is also fixed to For the test fixed surface, a corresponding air spring pressure gauge is set on each air spring; the air spring is set on the lower end face of the test piece in the upright state and distributed along its circumference; 试验件上段设置围绕并紧包所述试验件外径的包带，所述包带上均布若干条沿所述试验件径向延伸的弹性支撑带，所述弹性支撑带包括绳和弹性元件，所述绳为钢丝绳或尼龙绳，所述弹性元件为弹簧或橡皮绳；The upper section of the test piece is provided with a wrapping tape that surrounds and tightly wraps the outer diameter of the test piece. The wrapping tape is evenly distributed with several elastic support strips extending along the radial direction of the test piece. The elastic support tape includes ropes and elastic elements. , the rope is a steel wire rope or a nylon rope, and the elastic element is a spring or a rubber rope; 各个所述空气弹簧附加气室通过各自的输气管路支路连接至输气管路，各输气管路支路上设置相应的空气弹簧输气阀门，输气管路上设置气源开关阀，输气管路连接至气源；Each of the additional air chambers of the air spring is connected to the gas transmission pipeline through the respective branch of the gas transmission pipeline, and a corresponding air spring gas transmission valve is arranged on each gas transmission pipeline branch. to the air source; 根据竖立的试验件的支撑要求和质量分布特性，确定空气弹簧的设置数量和布局方案；Determine the number and layout of air springs according to the support requirements and mass distribution characteristics of the erected test piece; 当空气弹簧数量为3时，支撑系统为静定系统，根据试验件的质量分布特性确定空气弹簧的目标工作压力值；When the number of air springs is 3, the support system is a statically indeterminate system, and the target working pressure value of the air spring is determined according to the mass distribution characteristics of the test piece; 当空气弹簧数量为4个以上时，支撑系统为超静定系统，对超静定问题进行转换：首先建立系统力和力矩平衡方程，然后以空气弹簧目标工作压力平均值为目标值建立优化目标函数，再基于试验件的理论的质量分布状态，得到各空气弹簧的目标压力值；When the number of air springs is more than 4, the support system is a statically indeterminate system, and the statically indeterminate problem is converted: first, the system force and moment balance equations are established, and then the optimization objective is established with the average target working pressure of the air springs as the target value. function, and then based on the theoretical mass distribution state of the test piece, the target pressure value of each air spring is obtained; 根据支撑频率的要求，进行空气弹簧附加气室的设计；According to the requirements of the support frequency, the design of the additional air chamber of the air spring is carried out; 根据系统的刚度和稳定性要求，进行空气弹簧的刚度设计。According to the stiffness and stability requirements of the system, the stiffness design of the air spring is carried out. 2.权利要求1所述的一种空气弹簧弹性支撑竖立结构自由-自由边界模拟装置的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：2. the using method of a kind of air spring elastic support erection structure free-free boundary simulation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1、将转接工装和空气弹簧固定安装就位，竖立状态的试验件与转接工装连接并用位移保护块承载；S1. Fix the transfer tool and the air spring in place, and connect the test piece in the erected state to the transfer tool and carry it with a displacement protection block; S2、安装包带、弹簧和钢丝绳，以防止试验件倾倒；S2. Install straps, springs and wire ropes to prevent the test piece from tipping over; S3、打开气源的气源开关阀，同步控制空气弹簧输气阀门的打开状态，监控每个空气弹簧压力表；S3. Open the air source switch valve of the air source, control the opening state of the air spring air supply valve synchronously, and monitor each air spring pressure gauge; S4、当转接工装与位移保护块出现高度间隙，协同控制未出现间隙处的空气弹簧输气阀门打开，确保竖立状态的试验件竖直稳定的与位移保护块形成一个安全平稳的支撑高度；S4. When there is a height gap between the transfer tool and the displacement protection block, cooperatively control the opening of the air spring gas delivery valve where the gap does not appear to ensure that the test piece in the erected state is vertically stable and the displacement protection block forms a safe and stable support height; S5、在此支撑状态下，设定每个空气弹簧的目标工作压力值，利用气源对所述空气弹簧进行闭环控制；S5. In this support state, set the target working pressure value of each air spring, and use the air source to perform closed-loop control on the air spring; S6、开展试验。S6, carry out the test.
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