CN110129818B - Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer - Google Patents
Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110129818B CN110129818B CN201910464582.1A CN201910464582A CN110129818B CN 110129818 B CN110129818 B CN 110129818B CN 201910464582 A CN201910464582 A CN 201910464582A CN 110129818 B CN110129818 B CN 110129818B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/02—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by shape or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种质子交换膜水电解槽，包括质子交换膜、阴极催化层、阳极催化层、阴极扩散层和阳极扩散层，阴极催化层和阳极催化层分别喷涂在质子交换膜两侧，形成三合一结构的膜电极，膜电极安装在中间基板的中部，中间基板的两侧分设有阴极流场板和阳极流场板，阴极流场板的左端设有左环氧树脂板，阳极流场板的右端设有右环氧树脂板，左环氧树脂板和右环氧树脂板的中部均嵌设有集流板，左端板、左环氧树脂板、阴极流场板、中间基板、阳极场流板、右环氧树脂板和右端板上设有相通的气液体孔道。本发明可以提高电解效率，降低电流损耗，减小水电解槽质量及体积，降低装配难度、延长水电解槽使用寿命。
The invention relates to a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, comprising a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalytic layer, an anode catalytic layer, a cathode diffusion layer and an anode diffusion layer. The cathode catalytic layer and the anode catalytic layer are sprayed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane respectively to form Membrane electrode with three-in-one structure. The membrane electrode is installed in the middle of the middle substrate. The cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate are respectively arranged on both sides of the middle substrate. The right end of the field plate is provided with a right epoxy resin plate, a current collector plate is embedded in the middle of the left epoxy resin plate and the right epoxy resin plate, the left end plate, the left epoxy resin plate, the cathode flow field plate, the middle substrate, The anode field flow plate, the right epoxy resin plate and the right end plate are provided with communicating gas-liquid channels. The invention can improve the electrolysis efficiency, reduce the current loss, reduce the quality and volume of the water electrolytic cell, reduce the difficulty of assembly, and prolong the service life of the water electrolytic cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water electrolysis of proton exchange membranes, in particular to a water electrolysis cell of a proton exchange membrane.
Background
Hydrogen energy is considered as the most ideal energy carrier because of its advantages of cleanliness, no pollution, high efficiency, storage and transportation. The hydrogen production by water electrolysis is the simplest method for obtaining pure hydrogen at present, and if the method is combined with a renewable resource power generation technology, the water electrolysis can be used as a large-scale hydrogen production technology, has small pollution to the environment, less greenhouse gas emission and better economy, and has good application prospect.
The proton exchange membrane water electrolysis technology is that oxygen and hydrogen are generated by electrolyzing water, deionized water flows into a channel through the deionized water and diffuses to the anode side of the proton exchange membrane through a diffusion layer, oxygen and hydrogen ions are generated by electrolysis under the action of a catalyst, the oxygen flows out of an electrolysis cell through an oxygen-containing deionized water channel along with the deionized water which does not participate in the electrolysis, and the hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode side, then hydrogen is generated, flow into a hydrogen discharge channel through a cathode diffusion layer, and then flow out of the electrolysis cell.
The proton exchange membrane water electrolysis technology is the best effect among several water electrolysis technologies at present, and the technology based on pure water electrolysis researched and developed by the U.S. general company in the 70 th century is still in the research and development stage at present. The proton exchange membrane has the advantages of good mechanical strength and chemical stability, high proton conductivity, good gas separation performance and the like as an electrolyte, and can enable the PEM electrolyzer to work under higher current without reducing the electrolysis efficiency. The pure water electrolysis is adopted to avoid the corrosion of the electrolyte to the cell body, and the method is a water electrolysis technology with high safety. However, in the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cell in the prior art, flow field plates with various flow channels need to be designed, the structure is complex, the volume is large, the processing is difficult, and the manufacturing cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer with compact structure, which can improve the electrolytic efficiency, reduce the current loss, reduce the quality and the volume of the water electrolyzer, reduce the assembly difficulty and prolong the service life of the water electrolyzer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a water electrolyzer with proton exchange membrane is composed of proton exchange membrane, cathode catalytic layer, anode catalytic layer, cathode diffusion layer and anode diffusion layer, the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are respectively sprayed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane to form a membrane electrode with a three-in-one structure, the membrane electrode is arranged in the middle of the middle base plate, both sides of the middle base plate are respectively provided with a cathode flow field plate and an anode flow field plate, the cathode diffusion layer is embedded in the middle of the cathode flow field plate, the anode diffusion layer is embedded in the middle of the anode flow field plate, the left end of the cathode flow field plate is provided with a left epoxy resin plate, the right end of the anode flow field plate is provided with a right epoxy resin plate, the middle parts of the left epoxy resin plate and the right epoxy resin plate are embedded with current collecting plates, the left side of the left epoxy resin plate is provided with a left end plate, and the right side of the right epoxy resin plate is provided with a right end plate; the left end plate, the left epoxy resin plate, the cathode flow field plate, the middle substrate, the anode flow field plate, the right epoxy resin plate and the right end plate are fixedly connected and are provided with gas-liquid pore passages communicated with each other.
In the above scheme, the anode diffusion layer adopts a multilayer titanium mesh and titanium felt structure, the aperture of the titanium mesh gradually decreases from the cathode flow field plate side to the membrane electrode side, and the aperture of the titanium mesh gradually decreases from the anode flow field plate side to the membrane electrode side.
In the above scheme, the cathode diffusion layer adopts a multi-layer carbon paper structure.
In the scheme, the cathode diffusion layer is in interference fit with the flow field plate.
In the scheme, the surfaces of the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate are slightly convex.
In the above scheme, the edge of the current collecting plate is provided with a connecting lug plate for connecting a power supply.
In the above scheme, the contact surfaces of the left end plate, the left epoxy resin plate, the cathode flow field plate, the middle substrate, the anode flow field plate, the right epoxy resin plate and the right end plate are all provided with sealing grooves, and sealing rings are installed in the sealing grooves.
In the scheme, the gas-liquid pore passage comprises a passage which is positioned below and used for allowing deionized water to enter the electrolytic cell, a passage which is positioned above and used for allowing oxygen-containing deionized water to flow out of the electrolytic cell, and a passage which is positioned on the left side and the right side and used for discharging hydrogen.
In the scheme, bolt holes are formed in the edges of the cathode flow field plate, the anode flow field plate, the left epoxy resin plate, the right epoxy resin plate, the left end plate and the right end plate.
In the scheme, the edges of the cathode flow field plate, the anode flow field plate, the left epoxy resin plate, the right epoxy resin plate, the left end plate and the right end plate are provided with positioning holes.
The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the circulation of gas and liquid through the corresponding gas-liquid pore passages among the plates, does not need to arrange a complex flow passage, and can reduce the processing difficulty and cost by adopting a flow field plate without the flow passage.
2. The non-flow channel design is adopted, the anode and cathode gas diffusion layers are embedded in the flow field plate, and the cathode diffusion layer is in interference fit with the flow field plate, so that certain compression rate of the carbon paper is ensured, and the contact between the diffusion layer and the membrane electrode and the gas discharge are facilitated.
3. The flow field plate adopts a slightly convex design, so that the contact effect of the proton exchange membrane and the diffusion layer can be improved when the electrolytic cell is assembled, and the swelling deformation of the proton exchange membrane is prevented, thereby improving the electrolytic efficiency.
4. The anode diffusion layer adopts a structure of multilayer titanium mesh and titanium felt, the aperture of the titanium mesh is gradually reduced from the flow field plate side to the membrane electrode side, and the titanium felt is arranged between the titanium mesh and the membrane electrode. The cathode diffusion layer adopts a multi-layer carbon paper structure, which is beneficial to water vapor transmission and the contact between the diffusion layer and the membrane electrode, reduces the contact resistance, improves the water electrolysis performance, and can also prevent the corrosion of the diffusion layer.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the part of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a proton exchange membrane;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a cathode flow field plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of an anode flow field plate;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a current collecting plate;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a left or right end plate;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a flow field plate. .
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the water electrolyzer with proton exchange membrane 1 of the present invention comprises a proton exchange membrane 1, a cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer, a cathode diffusion layer 2, an anode diffusion layer 3, a cathode flow field plate 4, an anode flow field plate 5, a left epoxy resin plate 6, a right epoxy resin plate 7, a left end plate 8 and a right end plate 9. The left end plate 8, the left epoxy resin plate 6, the cathode flow field plate 4, the middle base plate 10, the anode flow field plate, the right epoxy resin plate 7 and the right end plate 9 are fixedly connected and are provided with communicated gas-liquid pore passages.
The cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are respectively sprayed on two sides of the proton exchange membrane 1 to form a membrane electrode with a three-in-one structure, so that the assembly is convenient, and the membrane electrode is arranged in the middle of the middle substrate 10. The electrolyte is a proton exchange membrane 1, which is a mature proton exchange membrane 1 in the prior art, and has the advantages of high proton conductivity, good electrochemical stability, certain mechanical strength and high gas barrier property. The cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are respectively sprayed on two sides of the proton exchange membrane 1 to form a three-in-one structure, the catalyst loading capacity can be reduced, the active surface area and the chemical stability of the catalyst can be remarkably improved, and the proton conduction resistance is reduced.
The two sides of the middle substrate 10 are respectively provided with a cathode flow field plate 4 and an anode flow field plate 5, the cathode diffusion layer 2 is embedded in the middle of the cathode flow field plate 4, and the anode diffusion layer 3 is embedded in the middle of the anode flow field plate 5. The anode diffusion layer 3 adopts a structure of a plurality of layers of titanium meshes and titanium felts, the aperture of the titanium meshes is gradually reduced from the flow field plate side to the membrane electrode side, and in addition, the titanium felts are arranged between the titanium meshes and the membrane electrode, so that the water-gas transmission and the contact between the diffusion layer and the membrane electrode are facilitated, the contact resistance is reduced, and the water electrolysis performance is improved. The cathode diffusion layer 2 adopts a multi-layer carbon paper structure, which is beneficial to water vapor transmission and the contact between the diffusion layer and the membrane electrode, reduces the contact resistance and improves the water electrolysis performance. The number of layers of the carbon paper is determined according to the matching of the carbon paper and the flow field plate, the carbon paper is adhered together, the diffusion performance is not influenced, and the assembly difficulty is reduced.
The cathode flow field plate 4 and the anode flow field plate 5 are made of pure titanium and have surface coatings, and the cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field plate have the advantages of capability of reducing direct current loss, corrosion resistance and long service life. The cathode flow field plate 4 and the anode flow field plate 5 adopt a micro-convex design, so that the whole stress balance is ensured, the irregular deformation of the proton exchange membrane 1 is prevented, and the water electrolysis performance is improved. Cathode flow field plate 4 and anode flow field plate 5 adopt no runner design, and cathode gas diffusion layer, anode gas diffusion layer inlay in flow field plate, and cathode diffusion layer 2 and 4 interference fit of cathode flow field plate guarantee that carbon paper has certain compression ratio, are favorable to the contact of cathode diffusion layer 2 and membrane electrode and gas outgoing.
The water electrolysis bath structure of the proton exchange membrane 1 in this embodiment is a single-sheet proton exchange membrane 1 electrolysis bath structure, but the water electrolysis bath structure is also applicable to an electrolysis bath with a plurality of proton exchange membranes 1 connected in series, and the multi-sheet structure is mainly characterized in that the two sides of the flow field plate are used as the cathode and anode flow field plates 5 of two adjacent single electrolysis bath structures, i.e. the cathode side flow field and the anode side flow field are integrated into one flow field plate, as shown in fig. 8.
The left end of the cathode flow field plate 4 is provided with a left epoxy resin plate 6, the right end of the anode flow field plate 5 is provided with a right epoxy resin plate 7, and the middle parts of the left epoxy resin plate 6 and the right epoxy resin plate 7 are respectively embedded with a current collecting plate 11. The collector plate 11 is a copper plate, and the surface of the collector plate is plated with gold, so that the resistance can be reduced, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the corrosion can be prevented. The collector plate 11 is embedded in the epoxy resin plate, so that the insulating property can be enhanced, and the reduction of the whole volume of the electrolytic cell is facilitated. And the current collecting plate 11 is designed with an extended connection lug plate 12 for connecting a direct current power supply.
The left side of left epoxy 6 is equipped with left end board 8, and the right side of right epoxy 7 is equipped with right end board 9. The left end plate 8 and the right end plate 9 are made of aluminum alloy materials, and pipeline joints are installed on the outer sides of the end plates and used for transmitting gas and liquid.
The contact surfaces of the left end plate 8, the left epoxy resin plate 6, the cathode flow field plate 4, the middle substrate 10, the anode flow field plate, the right epoxy resin plate 7 and the right end plate 9 are all provided with sealing grooves, and sealing rings are arranged in the sealing grooves.
The gas-liquid pore passage comprises a deionized water inlet electrolytic cell passage 15 positioned below, an oxygen-containing deionized water outlet electrolytic cell passage 14 positioned above and electrolytic cell passages 13 positioned at the left side and the right side and used for discharging hydrogen. The edges of the cathode flow field plate 4, the anode flow field plate 5, the left epoxy resin plate 6, the right epoxy resin plate 7, the left end plate 8 and the right end plate 9 are all provided with bolt holes 16 for mounting fastening bolts. The edges of the cathode flow field plate 4, the anode flow field plate 5, the left epoxy resin plate 6, the right epoxy resin plate 7, the left end plate 8 and the right end plate 9 are provided with positioning holes 17, so that accurate positioning can be provided when the electrolytic cell is assembled.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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| CN201910464582.1A CN110129818B (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2019-05-30 | Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer |
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| CN201910464582.1A CN110129818B (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2019-05-30 | Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer |
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| CN110129818A CN110129818A (en) | 2019-08-16 |
| CN110129818B true CN110129818B (en) | 2021-11-09 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110820007B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2024-07-16 | 深圳大学 | PBI proton exchange membrane electrolysis module and seawater electrolysis hydrogen production device |
| CN111005029A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-14 | 广东省新材料研究所 | A self-balancing device for producing gas from electrolyzed water and its application |
| CN112095116A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-18 | 李连洪 | A kind of hydrogen production method, hydrogen production component and hydrogen production machine |
| CN214572269U (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-11-02 | 氢牛科技(东莞)有限公司 | Hydrogen-oxygen electrolysis device containing quantum chip |
| CN112813460A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-18 | 同济大学 | Membrane electrode activation method for SPE electrolytic cell, application and electrolytic cell structure |
| CN112941551A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Electrolytic bath system, pure water treatment system thereof and metal recovery method |
| CN113308706A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-08-27 | 氢鸿(杭州)科技有限公司 | Water electrolyzer for producing oxyhydrogen gas |
| CN113215603B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-04-08 | 清华大学 | Water electrolysis pile |
| CN113769208B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-08-15 | 广东喜玛拉雅氢能科技有限公司 | Hydrogen-rich water spraying device |
| CN113913843B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2023-02-10 | 嘉善恒兴电力建设有限公司 | Method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water in proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell |
| CN114262909B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2024-09-10 | 氢鸿(杭州)科技有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, system and method |
| CN114318386B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2024-10-18 | 氢鸿(杭州)科技有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, system and method |
| CN114657584B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-09-01 | 广东卡沃罗氢科技有限公司 | Electrolytic tank |
| CN114836773A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-02 | 广东卡沃罗氢科技有限公司 | PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic cell |
| CN115491718A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-20 | 山东鑫越氢能源科技有限公司 | Catalytic proton membrane, electrolytic cell and hydrogen generator |
| CN119876982A (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2025-04-25 | 上海莒纳新材料科技有限公司 | AEM electrolytic tank |
| IT202300001503A1 (en) | 2023-01-31 | 2024-07-31 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE WITH MODULABLE STACK CELL STRUCTURE |
| CN119433554A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2025-02-14 | 清华大学 | A proton exchange membrane electrolyzer device |
| CN116770336B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-12-26 | 清华大学 | A bipolar plate and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100397692C (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2008-06-25 | 摩根坩埚有限公司 | Flow Field Plate Geometry |
| JP2007505998A (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2007-03-15 | ハイドロジェニクス コーポレイション | Placement of electrolytic cell |
| CN101388463B (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-09-08 | 上海交通大学 | Membrane electrode of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis battery and preparation method thereof |
| CA2767213C (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2014-04-15 | Next Hydrogen Corporation | Pem water electrolyser module |
| CN103806014B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2016-01-06 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer device |
| CN105908212B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2019-02-15 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Using the SPE electrolytic cell module in combined type flow field |
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