CN119916476B

CN119916476B - A multiple wave intelligent suppression method

Info

Publication number: CN119916476B
Application number: CN202311413133.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡志东; 宁宏晓; 吴迪; 黄元溢; 付检刚; 边瑞峰
Original assignee: China National Petroleum Corp; BGP Inc
Current assignee: China National Petroleum Corp; BGP Inc
Priority date: 2023-10-30
Filing date: 2023-10-30
Publication date: 2025-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 2043-10-30
Also published as: CN119916476A

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiple intelligent pressing method which comprises the following steps of S1, preprocessing data, namely performing dynamic correction processing on VSP seismic data by utilizing zero-bias seismic velocity information to obtain seismic data after the dynamic correction processing, then performing first-arrival excision on the data to obtain first preprocessed data, performing data excision and corridor superposition on the first preprocessed data by selecting a time window to obtain second preprocessed data, S2, performing normalization and inversion processing on the second preprocessed data to obtain pressing processing parameters, and S3, performing pressing processing on the first preprocessed data by utilizing the pressing processing parameters to obtain final pressing data. The method can greatly reduce the noise component of the multiple wave in the seismic data, has higher coincidence degree with the seismic data without multiple wave, proves that the embodiment has good multiple wave suppression effect, improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of the data, has higher reliability, and is suitable for efficiently and intelligently suppressing the multiple wave in the seismic data processing.

Description

Intelligent multiple wave pressing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of seismic data processing, and particularly relates to an intelligent multiple suppression method.

Background

Multiple is an interference wave present in seismic waves and is generated by the fact that the primary reflected wave is redirected back into the subsurface by some reflective interfaces of high reflectivity at the surface or subsurface. Therefore, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of the signal, the multiples need to be suppressed after the seismic wave data are acquired.

The analysis and suppression methods of the multiple waves of the seismic data are more, and the comparison is represented by firstly, cassano in 1973 and the like, which propose an optimal filtering superposition method, and a least squares method is utilized to solve the filtering factors of each superposition channel, so that superposition reaches the optimal suppression multiple wave and the optimal approximation of the primary wave, secondly, lokshtanov and the like, which propose a deconvolution suppression method, wherein the deconvolution operator is calculated on the basis of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional reflection model in the frequency and slowness domains, and then deconvolution suppression is carried out on the multiple wave, thirdly, doicin and the like, which propose a specific micro-bending multiple wave attenuation method, and a spatial matrix filtering method is used for obtaining the model of the multiple wave in the f-x domain.

In the above wave compacting methods, most of the compaction parameters are extracted by using ground seismic data, and the data obtained by the method has uncertainty, so that errors can be generated, the compaction effect is affected, and for some complex seismic data, multiple waves and noise can not be effectively compacted. In addition, the effect of the multi-wave compaction method using the ground seismic data is also easily affected by the underground geological conditions, for example, the compaction effect and accuracy of the multi-wave compaction method are affected due to the complexity and non-uniformity of the underground medium or the existence of geological structures such as interfaces and faults.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the intelligent multiple wave suppression method so as to achieve the purposes of efficiently and intelligently performing multiple wave suppression and performing fidelity processing on seismic data.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the intelligent multiple pressing method comprises the following steps:

S1, preprocessing data to obtain first preprocessed data and second preprocessed data, wherein the operations comprise the following,

A. Selecting VSP seismic data, and performing dynamic correction processing by using zero-offset seismic velocity information to obtain seismic data after dynamic correction processing;

b. Performing first arrival excision on the seismic data after the dynamic correction processing to obtain VSP seismic data after the first arrival excision, and recording the VSP seismic data as first preprocessing data;

c. Selecting a proper time window, and performing data excision and corridor superposition on the first preprocessing data to obtain second preprocessing data;

S2, extracting pressing treatment parameters, including the following operations,

D. Carrying out normalization processing on the second preprocessed data obtained in the step S1 to obtain normalized processed data;

e. performing reverse phase processing on the obtained normalized processing data to obtain pressing processing parameters;

s3, multiple pressing

And (3) performing compression processing on the first pre-processing data in the step (S1) by using the compression processing parameters obtained in the step (S2) to obtain final compression result data.

The zero offset speed information in the step S1 is calculated based on Geoeast software by utilizing a first arrival parameter and a well source distance parameter picked up by original data;

the dynamic correction process in step S1 a is a process from the original single-pass time profile to the double-pass time profile.

As another limitation of the invention, the selection of the appropriate time window in the step S1 refers to the fact that the cutting position needs to reserve the range of the time window containing multiple waves, namely, the cutting position is less than or equal to 200ms;

c, cutting the data in the step S1, namely cutting the data within 200ms from the well point position by using the selected time window on the first preprocessed data;

And c, superposing the corridor in the step S1, namely, superposing the resected data at the same time, and copying to generate the same number of tracks as the first preprocessing data after the data superposition.

As another limitation of the present invention, the normalization processing in step S2, d, means taking the maximum value in the data and dividing the maximum value by the second preprocessing data to obtain normalized data;

the inversion processing in step S2 is to subtract the normalized processing data from 1 to obtain the inversion processed data, which is the pressing processing parameter.

As another limitation of the present invention, the pressing process described in step S3 includes two operations, specifically:

f. The first step is multiplication operation, and on the first preprocessing data in the step S1, the pressing processing parameters obtained in the step S2 are used for processing different depths to obtain pressing processing first step data;

g. The second step is subtraction operation, wherein the first step of data of the pressing process in f is subtracted by the first preprocessing data, so that final pressing result data is obtained.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention carries out multiple wave suppression processing on VSP seismic data, namely a vertical seismic section (VERTICAL SEISMIC Profile), is a seismic observation method, the vertical section is relative to a ground seismic section, the method is to observe a seismic wave field in a well, and a geophone is arranged in the well at different depths to record seismic signals generated by a ground seismic source, so that the VSP has higher signal-to-noise ratio and higher resolution than data obtained by a conventional ground seismic method and is widely applied;

the method comprises the steps of preprocessing VSP data, sequentially obtaining first preprocessed data and second preprocessed data, carrying out normalization processing and inversion processing on the second preprocessed data to obtain pressing processing parameters, finally carrying out pressing processing on the first preprocessed data by utilizing the pressing processing parameters to obtain final pressing result data, comparing the pressing data obtained by the method with simulated seismic data without multiple waves, and proving that the method has good multiple wave pressing effect and improves the signal to noise ratio and fidelity of the seismic data.

In conclusion, the method and the device can reduce noise in the seismic data, have higher coincidence degree with the seismic data without multiple waves, prove that the embodiment has good multiple wave suppression effect, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of the data, have higher reliability, are suitable for seismic data processing, and are used for efficiently and intelligently suppressing multiple waves.

Drawings

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

FIG. 1 is seismic data after simulation of a VSP motion correction process in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of first preprocessing data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of second preprocessing data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the first step of the pressing process according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the second step of the pressing process according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing simulation data without multiples in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that a multiple intelligent pressing method is described herein as a preferred embodiment, which is used for illustration and explanation of the present invention only and is not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Embodiment an intelligent multiple pressing method

The embodiment is a multiple intelligent pressing method, which comprises three steps of data preprocessing, pressing parameter extraction and multiple pressing, so as to realize efficient and intelligent multiple pressing, and provide a new technical means for the seismic data fidelity processing, and the embodiment is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the abscissa of fig. 1-6 is depth, the ordinate is time, and the ordinate is ms.

The specific method of the embodiment is as follows:

S1, data preprocessing

Selecting VSP seismic data needing multiple wave suppression, and preprocessing according to the following operations a-c to obtain preprocessed first and second preprocessed data;

a. performing dynamic correction processing on the selected VSP seismic data by utilizing the zero-offset seismic velocity information to obtain the seismic data after the dynamic correction processing, see FIG. 1;

the zero-offset seismic velocity information is calculated based on the existing Geoeast software by utilizing parameters such as first arrival, well source distance and the like picked up by the original data;

The dynamic correction process, which is a conventional process step of the VSP process, refers to a process from an original single-pass time profile correction to a double-pass time profile.

In particular, the selected VSP seismic data can be single component data or one component of three component data, and can be amplitude or frequency pre-compensation data or corresponding post-compensation data.

B. Performing first arrival excision on the seismic data subjected to the dynamic correction processing obtained in the operation a to obtain VSP seismic data subjected to the first arrival excision, wherein the VSP seismic data is recorded as first preprocessing data, and the VSP seismic data are shown in fig. 2;

c. selecting a proper time window, performing data excision and corridor superposition on the first preprocessing data obtained in the operation b to obtain second preprocessing data, and referring to fig. 3;

Selecting a proper time window, wherein the cutting position needs to reserve a time window range containing multiple waves, and the time window range is usually not more than 200ms;

Data ablation, which refers to ablation of data within 200ms of the well point location using a selected time window on the first pre-processed data.

Corridor superposition refers to the process of carrying out time superposition on the data after excision, and is different from the conventional corridor superposition in that after data superposition, the number of tracks identical to the first preprocessing data is generated by replication in the embodiment.

S2, extracting pressing treatment parameters

Performing mathematical calculation on the second preprocessing data in the step S1 to obtain pressing processing parameters, wherein the method specifically comprises the following operations:

d. the second preprocessing data is normalized, namely, the maximum value in the data is taken out, and the second preprocessing data is divided by the maximum value to obtain normalized data;

e. And carrying out inverse processing on the obtained normalized processed data, namely subtracting the normalized processed data in the operation d by using 1 to obtain the data after the inverse processing, namely the pressing processing parameters required in the embodiment.

S3, intelligent pressing of multiple waves

And (3) performing compression processing on the first pre-processed data in the step (S1) by using the compression processing parameters obtained in the step (S2) to obtain final intelligent compression result data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following operations:

f. the first step of the pressing process is multiplication operation, namely processing the first preprocessing data in the step S1 by using the pressing process parameters obtained in the step S2 for different depths to obtain first step data of the pressing process, and referring to FIG. 4;

g. The second step of the pressing process is subtraction operation, and the first step of the pressing process in the operation f is subtracted by using the first pre-processing data to obtain the first step of the pressing process, namely the final intelligent pressing result data, see fig. 5.

Fig. 6 is data without multiple obtained by direct simulation, and compared with fig. 5 obtained by the embodiment, the suppression method of the invention can reduce noise in the seismic data and has higher coincidence degree with the seismic data without multiple, which proves that the embodiment has good multiple suppression effect, improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of the data and has higher reliability.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the application, but rather, the application is to be construed as limited to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent suppression of multiple waves, characterized by comprising the following steps:

S1. Data preprocessing, obtaining first preprocessed data and second preprocessed data, including the following operations:

a. Select VSP seismic data and perform dynamic correction processing using zero-bias seismic velocity information to obtain seismic data after dynamic correction processing;

b. Perform first-arrival removal on the seismic data after NMO processing to obtain VSP seismic data after first-arrival removal, recorded as the first preprocessed data;

c. Select an appropriate time window, perform data removal and corridor superposition on the first preprocessed data to obtain the second preprocessed data;

S2. Extraction of compression processing parameters, including the following operations,

d. normalizing the second preprocessed data obtained in step S1 to obtain normalized data;

e. performing inversion processing on the obtained normalized data to obtain the suppression processing parameters;

S3. Multiple Suppression

Using the compression processing parameters obtained in S2, the first pre-processed data in S1 is compressed to obtain final compression result data;

The pressing process described in step S3 includes two steps, specifically:

f. The first step is a multiplication operation. In step S1, the first preprocessed data is processed at different depths using the suppression processing parameters obtained in step S2 to obtain the first step of the suppression processing data;

g. The second step is a subtraction operation, which uses the first pre-processed data to subtract the first step of the compression processing data in f to obtain the final compression result data.

2. The multiple wave intelligent suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that:

The zero-bias velocity information described in step S1a refers to the first arrival parameters and well-source distance parameters picked up using the original data, which are calculated based on Geoeast software;

The dynamic correction processing described in step S1a refers to the process of correcting the original one-way time profile to a two-way time profile.

3. The multiple wave intelligent suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that:

The selection of a suitable time window in step S1 c means that the excision position needs to retain a time window range containing multiple waves, that is, the excision position is ≤ 200ms;

The data excision in step S1 c refers to excision of data within 200ms from the well point position using the selected time window on the first pre-processed data;

The corridor superposition described in step S1 c refers to superimposing the resected data at the same time. After the data is superimposed, the same number of channels as the first pre-processed data are generated by duplication.

4. The multiple wave intelligent suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that:

The normalization processing described in step S2d refers to extracting the maximum value in the data and dividing the second pre-processed data by the maximum value to obtain normalized data;

The inversion processing described in step S2e refers to subtracting the normalized processing data from 1 to obtain the inversion processed data, which is the suppression processing parameter.