CN1199018A - 超声波震荡法制备纳米材料 - Google Patents
超声波震荡法制备纳米材料 Download PDFInfo
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用超声震荡法制备纳米材料的方法;将材料A和材料B一起加热至全部熔化,保持熔融状态,用超声震荡粉碎到材料A的纳米液滴分散在材料B中,后固化成纳米固体颗粒和纳米复合材料,反应生成物纳米材料。本发明方法材料成本低,制备方法简单,易于生产,对原材料的选择性小,易于人为控制制备出各种反应生成物纳米材料,是一种简单、方便的制备纳米材料的方法。
Description
本发明涉及纳米材料的制备方法。
到目前为止,制备纳米材料的方法已有很多种,对纳米粉体、分散在液体中的纳米固体颗粒体的制备,有气体冷凝法,活性氢——熔融金属反应法,溅射法,流动液面上真空蒸镀法,通电加热蒸发法,混合等离子法,激光诱导化学气相沉积法、沉淀法、喷雾法、水热法、溶剂挥发分解法、溶胶——凝胶法等。对纳米固体(块体)的制备有:惰性气体蒸发原位加压法;高能球磨法;非晶晶化法;无压力烧结法;压力有助烧结法等。
一般来说,使用物理方法容易获得高纯材料,但成本高,不易实现工业生产和应用;而使用化学方法的优缺点正好与使用物理方法相反,也就是说各种方法都有优、缺点,且对原材料都有一定的要求。
本发明目的是提供一种成本低,制备方法简单,可以获得分散在液体中的纳米固体颗粒材料,纳米复合材料,反应生成物纳米材料的超声波震荡法。
下面详述本发明方法:
将材料A和材料B放在一起加热至材料A的熔点以上材料B的沸点以下,使A、B材料全部熔化,保持熔融状态,同时用超声波震荡粉碎到材料A为所需粒径的纳米液滴分散在材料B中:
1.制备材料A的纳米材料时,则需降低温度至室温(材料A、B为固体时,温度为B的凝固点以下;A为固体,B为液体时,温度为A的凝固点以下),如果此时材料B为固体,则至材料B固化后停止超声震荡(A在B前固化),得到材料A为纳米固体颗粒均匀分布在材料B中的复合纳米固体材料;如果室温时材料B为液体,则在材料A固化后停止超声波震荡,这样就得到材料A为纳米固体颗粒分散在液体材料B中;
2.制备材料A的反应生成物纳米材料,则是将材料A粉碎为纳米液滴后,通入气体或液体(所通气体或液体要能与材料A反应而不与材料B反应),将材料A反应成反应生成物,然后按1的步骤进行,即可制得材料A的反应生成物的纳米颗粒均匀分布在材料B中的复合纳米固体材料或纳米固体颗粒材料。
本发明方法中的材料A和材料B是两种熔点不同的材料,室温下,材料A为固体,材料B为固体或液体;材料A与材料B在室温至全部熔化温度范围内相互不反应;材料A不溶或微溶于材料B,且要求材料A的熔点高于材料B,材料B的沸点必须高于材料A的熔点,材料A的凝固点高于材料B;材料A的分子链长小于所需颗粒的纳米尺度。
材料A在粒径为所需纳米尺寸后,一定要凝结成固体纳米颗粒。
本发明的优点是,材料成本低,制备方法简单,易于生产,对原材料的选择性较小,易于人为控制制备出各种反应生成物纳米材料。当材料B在室温范围为液相时,制备出的纳米材料易于进行不同粒径的纳米粒子分离,纳米粒子可被控制不与空气接触而发生氧化等反应,纳米材料易于储存,运输和后加工使用;当材料B在室温范围内为固体时,可以一步制备出纳米复合材料,若在模具中直接制备,可以一次成型成所需形状的纳米复合材料,也就是说可以达到材料制备和加工一步完成。
实施例:
1.将无水乙醇50cc,金属镓1克一起放入玻璃瓶;在CSF-1A型超声波清洗器清洗槽中加入30℃以上的水,将玻璃瓶放入清洗槽中,待金属镓和无水乙醇升温至金属镓熔融后,启动超声波发生器,调节频率和功率至电流指示为的400mA,超声震荡20分钟后,降低清洗槽中水温接近10℃的室温(金属镓的熔点为29℃,但使镓纳米颗粒在无水乙醇中固化,需11℃以下),使金属镓颗粒凝固,停止超声震荡,即可得直径约50nm的分散在无水乙醇中的纳米固体颗粒镓。
Claims (4)
1.一种超声波震荡法制备纳米材料,其特征在于,将材料A和材料B放在一起加热至材料A的熔点以上材料B的沸点以下,使材料A、B全部熔化,保持熔融状态,同时用超声波震荡粉碎到材料A为所需粒径的纳米液滴分散在材料B中:
a、制备材料A的纳米材料时,则需降低温度至室温,如果此时材料B为固体,则至材料B固化后停止超声震荡,得到材料A为纳米固体颗粒均匀分布在材料B中的复合纳米固体材料;如果室温时材料B为液体,则在材料A固化后停止超声波震荡,这样就得到材料A为纳米固体颗粒分散在液体材料B中;
b、制备材料A的反应生成物纳米材料,则是将材料A粉碎为纳米液滴后,通入气体或液体,所通气体或液体能与材料A反应而不与材料B反应,将材料A反应成反应生成物,然后按a的步骤进行,即可制得材料A的反应生成物的纳米颗粒均匀分布在材料B中的复合纳米固体材料或纳米固体颗粒材料。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法制备纳米材料,其特征在于,所述材料A和材料B是两种熔点不同的材料,室温下,材料A为固体,材料B为固体或液体;材料A不溶或微溶于材料B,且要求材料A的熔点高于材料B,材料B的沸点必须高于材料A的熔点;材料A的凝固点高于材料B。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法制备纳米材料,其特征在于,所述材料A在粒径为所需纳米尺寸后,一定要凝结成固体纳米颗粒;材料A的分子链长小于所需颗粒的纳米尺度。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法制备纳米材料,其特征在于,先将无水乙醇50cc,金属镓1克一起放入玻璃瓶中,在CSF-1A型超声波清洗器的清洗槽中加入30℃以上的水,将玻璃瓶放入清洗槽中,待金属镓和无水乙醇升温至金属镓熔融后,启动超声波发生器,调节频率和功率至电流指针约400mA,超声震荡20分钟后,降低清洗槽中水温接近10℃,使金属镓颗粒凝固,停止超声震荡,得到直径约50nm的分散在无水乙醇中的纳米镓。
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| CN 98111306 CN1199018A (zh) | 1998-05-14 | 1998-05-14 | 超声波震荡法制备纳米材料 |
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| CN 98111306 CN1199018A (zh) | 1998-05-14 | 1998-05-14 | 超声波震荡法制备纳米材料 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100388971C (zh) * | 2002-05-20 | 2008-05-21 | 严卓理 | 一种利用超声技术制备纳米材料的方法 |
| US8119141B2 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2012-02-21 | Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. | Cinnamomi and poria composition, method to prepare same and uses thereof |
| WO2022021518A1 (zh) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | 宁波工程学院 | 一种γ-Ga 2O 3纳米材料的制备方法 |
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1998
- 1998-05-14 CN CN 98111306 patent/CN1199018A/zh active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8119141B2 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2012-02-21 | Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. | Cinnamomi and poria composition, method to prepare same and uses thereof |
| CN100388971C (zh) * | 2002-05-20 | 2008-05-21 | 严卓理 | 一种利用超声技术制备纳米材料的方法 |
| WO2022021518A1 (zh) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | 宁波工程学院 | 一种γ-Ga 2O 3纳米材料的制备方法 |
| US12522512B2 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2026-01-13 | Ningbo University Of Technology | Method for preparing gamma-gallium oxide nanomaterial |
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