Preparation method and application of CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst.
Background
With the great increase of greenhouse gas emissions, an environment-friendly solution is sought to solve the problem of excessive carbon dioxide gas, which has become a world hot spot. Among them, solar-driven photocatalysis is an optimal approach for its convenience and effectiveness. Generally, an excellent photocatalytic CO 2 reduction system requires high charge separation efficiency, good visible light utilization, and strong carbon dioxide adsorption capacity. However, CO 2 is particularly stable as a nonpolar molecule with high dissociation energy and is therefore extremely difficult to activate during photocatalysis.
CuS is widely used in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 due to its excellent electrical conductivity and strong visible light absorption capability. However, some disadvantages greatly inhibit the activity of the photocatalytic reduction CO 2, namely high recombination efficiency of photo-generated carriers, low carbon dioxide adsorption and low solar energy utilization rate and high carrier recombination rate. Therefore, the synthetic heterojunction is an effective method for improving the utilization rate of CuS solar energy and reducing the recombination of electron hole pairs. The method introduces CuS/BiOBr to form a heterojunction, can improve the photo-generated electron-hole separation efficiency, thereby improving the photo-catalytic activity, and has not been reported in the related art as a photo-catalyst for reducing CO 2.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method and application of a CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
A preparation method of a CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
1) Putting copper acetate dihydrate and thiourea into a beaker filled with deionized water, fully stirring until the copper acetate dihydrate and thiourea are uniformly dispersed, putting into an autoclave for hydrothermal reaction, obtaining black precipitate after the reaction is finished, washing a sample, and drying to obtain CuS;
2) Putting CuS into a beaker filled with glycol, stirring to fully disperse the CuS to obtain a solution A, putting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate into the beaker filled with glycol, carrying out ultrasonic full dispersion, stirring, slowly adding PVP in the stirring process, slowly putting cetyl ammonium bromide into the beaker after the PVP is fully mixed, fully stirring to obtain a solution B, slowly pouring the solution A into the solution B under stirring after the full stirring, continuously stirring, putting the solution A into an autoclave after the full mixing, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, respectively centrifugally washing three times by deionized water and ethanol after the solution A is cooled, and drying to obtain CuS/BiOBr.
Further, in the above preparation method, in step 1), the amount of copper acetate dihydrate was 0.363g, the amount of thiourea was 0.153g, and the amount of deionized water was 40mL.
Further, in the preparation method, in the step 1), the temperature of the water reaction is 180 ℃ and the reaction time is 24 hours.
Further, in the preparation method, in the step 2), the amount of CuS in the solution A is 0.096g, the amount of ethylene glycol is 24mL, the amount of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in the solution B is 0.485g, the amount of ethylene glycol is 24mL, the amount of PVP is 0.05g, and the amount of hexadecyl ammonium bromide is 0.365g.
Further, in the preparation method and the step 2), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 160 ℃ and the reaction time is 10 hours.
Further, in the preparation method, in the steps 1) and 2), the stirring mode is stirring by using a magnetic stirrer.
Further, in the above preparation method, in steps 1) and 2), the temperature of the drying is 60 ℃ and the drying time is 6 hours.
The application of the CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst prepared by any one of the preparation methods in the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2.
Further, the application method comprises the steps of uniformly spreading a CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst on a culture dish, dripping deionized water, drying to uniformly spread the catalyst on the culture dish, injecting deionized water into the inner bottom of a transparent glass reaction container, transferring the dried culture dish into the glass reaction container, sealing the glass reaction container by a quartz glass cover, vacuumizing the glass reaction container, filling CO 2, performing cyclic operation four times, and performing photocatalytic reduction on CO 2 under the condition of visible light irradiation.
Further, in the above application, the amount of CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst was 20mg, 500. Mu.L of deionized water was injected into the bottom of the glass reaction vessel, and the dish area was 2cm 2.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst prepared by using the solvothermal method has a spherical structure, can increase the specific surface area, improves the separation efficiency of carriers, and enhances the photocatalytic activity.
2. The CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst prepared by the method has stronger capability of absorbing visible light, and is an effective way for improving the visible light catalytic activity.
3. The CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst prepared by the method has good CO 2 photocatalytic reduction performance, is simple to prepare, is environment-friendly and nontoxic, has low cost, and is beneficial to large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of CuS, biOBr, cuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst.
FIG. 2 is a graph of time for CuS, biOBr, cuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst reduction of CO 2 to CO.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing 0.363g of copper acetate dihydrate and 0.153g of thiourea, putting into a beaker filled with 40mL of deionized water, fully magnetically stirring, putting into an autoclave, heating at 180 ℃ for reaction for 24 hours, obtaining black precipitate after the reaction is finished, washing a sample, and drying at 60 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain CuS.
2) 0.096G of CuS was weighed into a beaker containing 24mL of ethylene glycol and magnetically stirred for 1h to allow sufficient dispersion to give solution A. Putting 0.485g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate into a beaker filled with 24mL of ethylene glycol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to fully disperse, performing magnetic stirring for 1h, slowly adding 0.05g of PVP in the stirring process, and slowly adding 0.365g of hexadecyl ammonium bromide to fully perform magnetic stirring after the PVP and the PVP are fully mixed to obtain a solution B. After fully stirring, the solution A is slowly poured into the solution B which is being stirred, and magnetic stirring is continued for 30min, and after fully mixing, the solution A is filled into a 100mL reaction kettle and heated for 10h at 160 ℃. And after the material is cooled, the material is centrifuged for three times by deionized water and ethanol respectively, and is dried for 6 hours at 60 ℃ to collect CuS/BiOBr.
The preparation method of BiOBr comprises the following steps:
Weighing 0.485g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, putting the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate into a beaker filled with 24mL of ethylene glycol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min for full dispersion, carrying out magnetic stirring for 1h, slowly adding 0.05g of PVP in the stirring process, slowly putting 0.365g of hexadecyl ammonium bromide into the beaker after full mixing, carrying out full magnetic stirring, putting the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate into a 100mL reaction kettle, heating for 10h at 160 ℃, washing a sample after the reaction, and drying for 6h at 60 ℃ to obtain BiOBr.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst prepared in example 1. Characteristic diffraction peaks appear in the figure at 2θ= 10.946 °,25.260 °,31.810 °,47.769 ° and 58.226 °, corresponding to the (001), (011), (012), (201) and (023) crystal planes, which are consistent with the BiOBr PDF standard card (pdf#73-2061). Characteristic diffraction peaks appear in the figure at 2θ= 27.925 °,29.542 °,32.071 °,33.152 °,49.747 ° and 59.902 °, corresponding to the (101), (102), (103), (006), (112) and (116) crystal planes, which are consistent with the CuS PDF standard card (PDF # 75-2234). As can be seen from fig. 1 after the two are combined, both species peaks appear in the combined sample CuS/BiOBr, indicating successful combination of the two species.
Example 2
At normal temperature and pressure, 20mg of CuS/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst is evenly spread on a culture dish (2 cm 2), deionized water is added dropwise, and then the mixture is dried, so that the catalyst is evenly spread on the culture dish. 500. Mu.L of deionized water was injected into the bottom of the transparent glass reaction vessel, and then the dried petri dish was transferred into the glass reaction vessel, which was sealed with a quartz glass lid. The glass reaction vessel was evacuated and then filled with CO 2 and the cycle was run four times. The photocatalyst was irradiated with light using a 300W xenon lamp as a light source, the upper gas was extracted from the glass reaction vessel with a syringe after 1 hour of the irradiation reaction, and the carbon monoxide concentration in the upper gas was measured with a gas chromatograph, and the detection was continued for 4 hours (one cycle).
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the time for photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO, and it can be seen that after 4 hours of the illumination reaction, the CO yield of CuS/BiOBr is 76.44. Mu. Mol/g/h, which is 32.52 times that of pure CuS and 3.27 times that of pure BiOBr.