CN119830832A - A three-dimensional space circuit for electromagnetic stealth cloak, electromagnetic stealth cloak and processing method thereof - Google Patents
A three-dimensional space circuit for electromagnetic stealth cloak, electromagnetic stealth cloak and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak, the electromagnetic stealth cloak and a processing method thereof, wherein a receiving end receives electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the feedback end through the first-stage transmission circuit, the second-stage transmission circuit and the third-stage transmission circuit which are connected in cascade respectively and fed back, so that the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is not changed by the shielding effect of an object. The electromagnetic stealth cloak disclosed by the invention can reduce the space occupation of the electromagnetic stealth cloak, has a better stealth effect, improves the signal receiving efficiency, can realize stealth only by different sizes in different antennas, improves the universality, and can realize electromagnetic stealth by multi-period assembly for antenna components with different lengths, thereby greatly reducing the processing and assembly difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic stealth cloak, in particular to a three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak, the electromagnetic stealth cloak and a processing method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of radar and antenna technology, electromagnetic stealth technology is increasingly applied to the military field and daily life.
Electromagnetic stealth refers to the ability to create a stealth effect on objects in electromagnetic waves that are not detected. The electromagnetic stealth cloak is a substance wrapped on the surface of an object, and the electromagnetic wave propagation is not changed by the influence of the object by reducing the reflection and scattering of the electromagnetic wave, so that the electromagnetic wave is not detected by the detection equipment. Therefore, electromagnetic stealth cloaks have wide application in the military, medical imaging and communications fields.
Conventional electromagnetic stealth cloaks include:
1. The method is realized by an optical transformation method on the basis of the metamaterial, and the object is wrapped by the metamaterial, so that electromagnetic waves are transmitted nearby the metamaterial, the interaction between the object and the electromagnetic waves is avoided, and the stealth effect is realized. This requires a thicker and anisotropic heterogeneous artificial metamaterial so that the cloak not only has a larger thickness, a single stealth frequency, but also has a higher material cost.
2. The plasma cloak realized by utilizing the medium scattering cancellation produces integral destructive interference on scattered electromagnetic waves by introducing the medium, so that the scattering is obviously reduced, and the electromagnetic stealth effect is realized. This approach effectively reduces thickness, but only achieves stealth in a very narrow frequency band, and requires that the object material and the thin super surface material that makes up the cloak be completely reciprocal.
In China patent with publication number CN117786983A, a design method of a double-layer structured static magnetic field stealth cloak is mentioned, and the method obtains an electromagnetic stealth cloak through the steps of 1) solving a Laplacian equation to obtain the relationship between the size and the permeability of each layer of the static magnetic stealth cloak, 2) determining the size parameters and the material properties of an ideal static magnetic stealth cloak, 3) determining the degree of discretization, discretizing a circular cloak into unit cells, 4) obtaining the connection between the configuration of the unit cell and the equivalent permeability by an S parameter inversion method, and 5) assembling the unit cell with the equivalent permeability equal to the permeability required by the ideal cloak into the complete static magnetic stealth cloak. The size and attribute requirements of the stealth cloak are obtained by solving the Laplace equation under the stealth boundary condition, and the harsh attribute requirements of the transformation optical design theory are eliminated.
The existing electromagnetic stealth cloak research methods are complex, and are basically designed from the perspective of electromagnetic field analysis. After the structure of the electromagnetic cloak is known, the electromagnetic cloak is analyzed, and after a certain fixed electromagnetic cloak is designed according to the method, the electromagnetic cloak effect cannot be flexibly adjusted after a stealth object is changed. Therefore, compared with the traditional analysis of the electromagnetic field, the three-dimensional space circuit of the electromagnetic stealth cloak is used for analyzing the electromagnetic stealth effect from the circuit angle, and the stealth is realized by changing the circuit element and then the specific structure of the circuit element. When the antenna signal is received, the electromagnetic wave is shielded by the metal component, so that the quality of the received signal is weakened, and the communication efficiency is affected, so that the metal component needs to be hidden to improve the antenna receiving efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak, the electromagnetic stealth cloak and a processing method thereof, which are based on the characteristics of ultra-thin and wide frequency bands, space occupation is reduced in antenna components, the effect is better stealth, and the signal receiving efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention discloses a three-dimensional space circuit of an electromagnetic stealth cloak, which is a double-line double-port transmission network, wherein two ports are respectively a receiving end and a feedback end, and the two ports are respectively a transmission line and a grounding line;
The first-stage transmission circuit comprises a first capacitor C 1 between a transmission line and a ground line;
The second-stage transmission circuit comprises a first transmission line impedance Z 1 and a short-circuit load between the transmission line and a ground line which are connected in series;
The third-stage transmission circuit comprises a second transmission line impedance Z s, a third transmission line impedance Z 2, a second capacitor C 2 and an air characteristic impedance Z 0, wherein the third transmission line impedance Z 2 and the second capacitor C 2 are connected between a feedback end and the ground and form a symmetrical structure with the first transmission line impedance Z 1 and the first capacitor C 1, the second transmission line impedance Z s is connected between a receiving end and the feedback end, the air characteristic impedance Z 0 is connected between a transmission line and a grounding wire and is close to the feedback end, and a load formed by the third transmission line impedance Z 2, the second capacitor C 2 and the air characteristic impedance Z 0 forms a terminal loading transmission line;
The receiving end receives electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the feedback end to be fed back through the first-stage transmission circuit, the second-stage transmission circuit and the third-stage transmission circuit which are cascaded respectively, so that the propagation of the electromagnetic waves is not changed by the shielding effect of an object.
Further, the equivalent input impedance of the first stage transmission circuit is:
;
In the formula, Is the capacitance of the first capacitor C 1,Is the angular frequency.
Further, the equivalent input impedance of the second stage transmission circuit is:
;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of ,,For the first transmission line impedanceIs used for the transmission length of the (c) in the transmission channel,Is the relative dielectric constant of the material and,Is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave,Is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave,Is the air characteristic impedance.
Further, the equivalent input impedance of the third stage transmission circuit is:
;
wherein, ,For the characteristic impedance of the air,Is the equivalent characteristic impedance of the slot line,Is the load impedance of the first stage transmission loop.
Further, the equivalent input impedance of the three-dimensional space circuit is:
;
In the formula, 、AndThe equivalent input impedance of the first-stage transmission circuit, the second-stage transmission circuit and the third-stage transmission circuit are respectively.
Further, the electromagnetic stealth cloak adjusts the reflection coefficient by changing the parameters of circuit elements:
;
In the formula,Is the voltage reflection coefficient.
In a second aspect, the invention discloses an electromagnetic stealth cloak based on the three-dimensional space circuit, wherein the electromagnetic stealth cloak comprises a first wrapping medium, a second wrapping medium and a plurality of metal cloaks;
the plurality of metal cloaks are sequentially sleeved outside the stealth object, and cloaks are arranged between adjacent metal cloaks;
The upper surface of the metal cloak is used as a receiving end, and the gap capacitance between the upper surfaces of the adjacent metal cloak is equivalent to a first capacitance; the lower surface of the metal cloak is used as a feedback end, and the gap capacitance between the lower surfaces of the adjacent metal cloak is equivalent to a second capacitance, and the slot line between the side surfaces of the adjacent metal cloak is equivalent to a second transmission line impedance Z s;
The first wrapping medium is filled between the upper surface of the metal cloak and the stealth object, and is equivalent to the impedance Z 1 of the first transmission line, the second wrapping medium is filled between the lower surface of the metal cloak and the stealth object, and is equivalent to the third transmission line Z 2, and the free space outside the lower surface of the metal cloak is equivalent to the characteristic impedance Z 0 of air.
In a third aspect, the invention discloses a processing method of an electromagnetic stealth cloak, which comprises the following steps:
All structural members of the electromagnetic stealth cloak are split into an electrolytic copper plating unit and a unit which does not contain electrolytic copper plating, and the electrolytic copper plating unit is subjected to integral electroplating;
Adopting CNC machining to obtain a first wrapping medium and a second wrapping medium;
and (3) overlapping all structural members in a staggered way, and fully compacting by externally applying pressure to obtain the electromagnetic stealth cloak.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
Firstly, the three-dimensional space circuit for the electromagnetic stealth cloak, the electromagnetic stealth cloak and the processing method thereof convert the traditional electromagnetic field angle into the circuit angle, and because of the complex attribute of the electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic field is often more complex to study, and the simplified circuit model is relatively simple and much easier to analyze, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the electromagnetic stealth cloak design. In addition, in the specific application, due to different requirements on stealth in different scenes, the effect of the cloak is required to be changed, and the reflection coefficient of the microwave circuit can be changed only by adjusting parameters of circuit components, so that the stealth effect is changed. The specific three-dimensional space structure of the circuit is realized by an equivalent circuit method, and the stealth adjustment can be realized by only changing the structural size parameters of the electromagnetic stealth cloak when changing the parameters. Therefore, the method can adapt to different scenes and requirements, and the application range of the cloak is improved.
Secondly, the three-dimensional space circuit for the electromagnetic stealth cloak, the electromagnetic stealth cloak and the processing method thereof not only reduce the difficulty of stealth cloak implementation, but also realize stealth only through the geometrical structure of the structure compared with the traditional method for realizing stealth by materials, so that the processing implementation of the cloak becomes simpler and more efficient, and compared with the high cost of metamaterial, the structure is low in cost, and provides necessary conditions for mass production and application. In addition, the thickness of the metal cloak in the structure is greatly reduced, so that the flexibility and adaptability of the cloak in practical application are improved, the weight of the cloak is reduced, and the cloak can be hidden for some objects needing to be hidden under special conditions. In addition, the stealth bandwidth realized by the structure is larger, and can cover more frequency bands of electromagnetic waves, so that the stealth effect is improved, and the anti-interference capability on signals is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a microwave circuit of the three-dimensional space circuit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an electromagnetic stealth cloak structure based on a three-dimensional space circuit;
FIG. 4 is a structural cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic stealth cloak;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a tooling structure portion 1 of the electromagnetic stealth cloak;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the processing structure portion 2 of the electromagnetic stealth cloak.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak, which is a double-line double-port transmission network, wherein two ports are respectively a receiving end and a feedback end, and the two ports are respectively a transmission line and a grounding line;
The first-stage transmission circuit comprises a first capacitor C 1 between a transmission line and a ground line;
The second-stage transmission circuit comprises a first transmission line impedance Z 1 and a short-circuit load between the transmission line and a ground line which are connected in series;
The third-stage transmission circuit comprises a second transmission line impedance Z s, a third transmission line impedance Z 2, a second capacitor C 2 and an air characteristic impedance Z 0, wherein the third transmission line impedance Z 2 and the second capacitor C 2 are connected between a feedback end and the ground and form a symmetrical structure with the first transmission line impedance Z 1 and the first capacitor C 1, the second transmission line impedance Z s is connected between a receiving end and the feedback end, the air characteristic impedance Z 0 is connected between the transmission line and a grounding wire and is close to the feedback end, and a load formed by the third transmission line impedance Z 2, the second capacitor C 2 and the air characteristic impedance Z 0 forms a terminal loading transmission line;
The receiving end receives electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the feedback end to be fed back through the first-stage transmission circuit, the second-stage transmission circuit and the third-stage transmission circuit which are cascaded respectively, so that the propagation of the electromagnetic waves is not changed by the shielding effect of an object.
Referring to fig. 1, the electromagnetic stealth cloak is divided into two ports for receiving electromagnetic waves and feeding back electromagnetic waves in application, and the three-dimensional space circuit of the electromagnetic stealth cloak has two ports, namely a port 1 (receiving end) and a port 2 (feeding back end). Because the reception and output needs to be consistent, with a symmetrical structure,,. In a specific application, electromagnetic waves are input from the port 1 and are transmitted to the port 2 in cascade through three transmission loops for feedback, wherein the first loop is grounded through a first capacitor C 1 to form a loop of the first-stage transmission circuit 11, the second loop is grounded through a second-stage transmission circuit 12 formed by a first transmission line impedance Z 1, and the third loop is grounded through a third-stage transmission circuit 13, wherein the load impedance of the third-stage transmission circuit 13 and the load impedance of the first-stage transmission circuit 11 are completely symmetrical. Through the cascade connection of the three-stage transmission loop, the final electromagnetic wave is fed back out through the port 2, so that the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is not changed by the shielding effect of an object through the effect of a circuit.
After the specific structure of the circuit is designed, specific parameters of the components are calculated according to transmission line theory according to the stealth frequency band and effect which are specifically required. After the first stage transmission circuit 11, the second stage transmission circuit 12 and the third stage transmission circuit 13 are designed, the circuit structure is further simplified as shown in fig. 2, and three equivalent input impedances can be obtained、、Parallel connection to form total equivalent input impedance. First, the first stage transmission circuit 11 is composed of only a first capacitorComposition, thus. Second, according to the transmission line principle, the second stage transmission circuit 12 is formed by a first transmission line impedanceComposed of terminal short-circuited transmission lines with equivalent input impedanceWherein,;For the first transmission line impedanceIs used for the transmission length of the (c) in the transmission channel, in the structure of the present embodiment, in the present embodiment,Meanwhile, the thickness of the cloak is also the thickness; is the relative dielectric constant of the part of the structural material. Finally, the third stage transmission circuit 13 is relatively complex and has an equivalent input impedance Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,. From the above calculation, the input impedance of the simplified circuit can be obtainedBy usingThe parameters, namely the reflection coefficient, measure the stealth effect of the electromagnetic cloak. Using voltage reflection coefficients in the three-dimensional space circuitTo characterizeI.e.. Therefore, only the parameters of the circuit elements need to be changed, so that the cloak with different effects can be obtained.
The three-dimensional space microwave circuit of the electromagnetic stealth cloak is obtained from the above, and the specific stealth cloak function is realized through the structures of fig. 3 and 4 after analysis. Specifically, the three-dimensional space microwave circuit can realize a specific structure by an equivalent circuit method, and the realized cloak structure also has symmetry due to the symmetry of the three-dimensional space circuit, so that the upper half part for receiving electromagnetic waves and the lower half part for feeding back electromagnetic waves are completely symmetrical. The circuit is divided into three transmission routes, wherein a first capacitance part in a first transmission loop is equivalent to a gap capacitance 34a between the upper surfaces 33a (electromagnetic wave receiving surfaces) of adjacent metal cloak, a first transmission line Z 1 in a second transmission loop is equivalent to a medium 32 filled between the upper surfaces 33a of the cloak and the stealth object 31, and a second transmission line impedance Z s in a third transmission loop is equivalent to a groove line 34b between the side surfaces 33b of the metal cloak. The loading terminal portion second capacitance C 2 of the transmission line is equivalent to the gap capacitance 34C between adjacent cloak lower surfaces 33a (electromagnetic wave feedback surfaces), the third transmission line impedance Z 2 is equivalent to the medium 32 filled between the cloak lower surfaces 33a and the stealth object 31, and the air characteristic impedance Z 0 is equivalent to the free space outside the cloak lower surfaces 33 a. Finally, the specific implementation structure of the wide-band ultrathin electromagnetic stealth cloak shown in fig. 3 is obtained.
Examples
In this example, first, according to the three-dimensional space circuit shown in fig. 1, a three-stage cascade circuit is built, and the implementation structure and parameters of the three-dimensional space microwave circuit are obtained through an equivalent method. Wherein;
The first stage transmission circuit 11 is equivalently formed by a gap 34a (spacing w=2.4 mm) between adjacent metal cloak upper surfaces 33a using a gap capacitance C 1 =0.474 pF.
The second stage transmission circuit 12 has a transmission line Z 1 = 277.8 Ω and a terminal short-circuited.
The third stage transmission circuit 13 has a transmission line Z s = 753.8 Ω and a termination capacitor C 2 =0.474 pF (gap 34C spacing w=2.4 mm).
The structural materials are selected as follows:
The stealth object 31 is made of a metallic aluminum material.
The wrapping medium 32 is made of ABS material (dielectric constant epsilon r=3.3), and has a length a=24.4 mm, a height b=38.4 mm, a width c=19.6 mm and a thickness t=2.7 mm.
Copper foil (thickness t=0.035 mm) is plated on the surface of the wrapping medium 32 by a copper plating process.
The requirement for a cloak of this thickness can only be achieved using an electroplating process which is difficult to handle for the gap capacitances 34a, 34c and the score line 34b portions between adjacent cloaks, as the electroplating process is an overall electroplating of the article. We therefore realize this by using a new fabrication method, and for the whole, split the structure into one containing electroplated copper units (32 a, 33a and 33 b) and one not containing electroplated copper units (32 b, 34a, 34b and 34 c), as shown in fig. 5 and 6, in which the dielectric portion 32 is realized by CNC machining. Finally, the two parts are overlapped in a staggered way, and the external pressure is applied to fully compress each other to obtain the structure shown in the final figure 3.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The three-dimensional space circuit for the electromagnetic stealth cloak is characterized by being a double-line double-port transmission network, wherein two ports are a receiving end and a feedback end respectively, and the two ports are a transmission line and a grounding line respectively;
The first-stage transmission circuit comprises a first capacitor C 1 between a transmission line and a ground line;
The second-stage transmission circuit comprises a first transmission line impedance Z 1 and a short-circuit load between the transmission line and a ground line which are connected in series;
The third-stage transmission circuit comprises a second transmission line impedance Z s, a third transmission line impedance Z 2, a second capacitor C 2 and an air characteristic impedance Z 0, wherein the third transmission line impedance Z 2 and the second capacitor C 2 are connected between a feedback end and the ground and form a symmetrical structure with the first transmission line impedance Z 1 and the first capacitor C 1, the second transmission line impedance Z s is connected between a receiving end and the feedback end, the air characteristic impedance Z 0 is connected between a transmission line and a grounding wire and is close to the feedback end, and a load formed by the third transmission line impedance Z 2, the second capacitor C 2 and the air characteristic impedance Z 0 forms a terminal loading transmission line;
The receiving end receives electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the feedback end to be fed back through the first-stage transmission circuit, the second-stage transmission circuit and the third-stage transmission circuit which are cascaded respectively, so that the propagation of the electromagnetic waves is not changed by the shielding effect of an object.
2. The three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak of claim 1 wherein the equivalent input impedance of the first stage transmission circuit is:
;
In the formula, Is the capacitance of the first capacitor C 1,Is the angular frequency.
3. The three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak of claim 1 wherein the equivalent input impedance of the second stage transmission circuit is:
;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of ,,For the first transmission line impedanceIs used for the transmission length of the (c) in the transmission channel,Is the relative dielectric constant of the material and,Is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave,Is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave,Is the air characteristic impedance.
4. The three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak of claim 1 wherein the equivalent input impedance of the third stage transmission circuit is:
;
wherein, ,For the characteristic impedance of the air,Is the equivalent characteristic impedance of the slot line,Is the load impedance of the first stage transmission loop.
5. The three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak of claim 1 wherein the equivalent input impedance of the three-dimensional space circuit is:
;
In the formula, 、AndThe equivalent input impedance of the first-stage transmission circuit, the second-stage transmission circuit and the third-stage transmission circuit are respectively.
6. A three-dimensional space circuit for an electromagnetic stealth cloak according to claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic stealth cloak adjusts the reflectance by varying circuit element parameters:
;
In the formula,Is the voltage reflection coefficient.
7. An electromagnetic stealth cloak based on the three-dimensional space circuit of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the electromagnetic stealth cloak comprises a first wrapping medium, a second wrapping medium, and a plurality of metallic cloaks;
the plurality of metal cloaks are sequentially sleeved outside the stealth object, and cloaks are arranged between adjacent metal cloaks;
The upper surface of the metal cloak is used as a receiving end, and the gap capacitance between the upper surfaces of the adjacent metal cloak is equivalent to a first capacitance; the lower surface of the metal cloak is used as a feedback end, and the gap capacitance between the lower surfaces of the adjacent metal cloak is equivalent to a second capacitance, and the slot line between the side surfaces of the adjacent metal cloak is equivalent to a second transmission line impedance Z s;
The first wrapping medium is filled between the upper surface of the metal cloak and the stealth object, and is equivalent to the impedance Z 1 of the first transmission line, the second wrapping medium is filled between the lower surface of the metal cloak and the stealth object, and is equivalent to the third transmission line Z 2, and the free space outside the lower surface of the metal cloak is equivalent to the characteristic impedance Z 0 of air.
8. A method of processing an electromagnetic stealth cloak according to claim 7, comprising the steps of:
All structural members of the electromagnetic stealth cloak are split into an electrolytic copper plating unit and a unit which does not contain electrolytic copper plating, and the electrolytic copper plating unit is subjected to integral electroplating;
Adopting CNC machining to obtain a first wrapping medium and a second wrapping medium;
and (3) overlapping all structural members in a staggered way, and fully compacting by externally applying pressure to obtain the electromagnetic stealth cloak.
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| CN112784464A (en) * | 2021-01-30 | 2021-05-11 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Wave absorber with arbitrary absorption frequency spectrum based on intelligent algorithm and design method thereof |
| CN115621689A (en) * | 2022-10-29 | 2023-01-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | A Duplexer Based on Equivalent Localized Surface Plasmons |
| CN117786983A (en) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-03-29 | 西安交通大学 | A design method for a double-layer structured static magnetic field invisibility cloak |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104076924A (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2014-10-01 | 西安电子科技大学 | Combined electromagnetic cloaking device |
| US20160111782A1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Dual-polarized, broadband metasurface cloaks for antenna applications |
| WO2018126602A1 (en) * | 2017-01-07 | 2018-07-12 | 深圳市景程信息科技有限公司 | Electromagnetic pulse protection invisibility cloak having irregular polygonal structure |
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