CN119818246A - Hip joint prosthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to a hip joint prosthesis which comprises a femur stem and an acetabular cup, wherein the femur stem is made of high-strength biological materials, has good mechanical properties and wear resistance, and can effectively bear the movement and load of a human body. The acetabular cup is made of bioactive materials, and the surface of the acetabular cup is specially treated, so that the acetabular cup has good biocompatibility and osseointegration capability, can be tightly combined with surrounding bone tissues, and reduces the risks of loosening and displacement. In addition, the invention also adopts a unique structural design, so that the installation process is simpler and more convenient, simultaneously, better stability and moving range can be provided, and the life quality and walking capacity of a patient are obviously improved. In general, the invention provides a more reliable and effective choice for hip replacement surgery, and has important clinical application value.

Description

Hip joint prosthesis

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to a hip joint prosthesis.

Background

With the arrival of the aged society, joint diseases are increased, and meanwhile, the demands of people on health are higher due to social progress, and the number of joint replacement is increased drastically. The joint prosthesis replacement is a surgical treatment method, and mainly aims to restore joint functions, relieve pain and improve the life quality of patients. Although joint replacement procedures and techniques are currently clinically standardized, various complications occur after joint replacement, resulting in surgical failure and the need for surgical revision. The loosening of the interface between the prosthesis and the bone is the main cause of the failure of the prosthesis, the cause of the loosening of the prosthesis is quite complex, and the aseptic loosening is the most common postoperative complication.

One major problem with THA is instability and dislocation of the implant. This may be due to the positioning or placement of components such as the femoral shaft and acetabular cup with the fixation ball. The risk of dislocation is particularly high during the first months of post-operative tissue healing. Another important issue is the accurate positioning of the implant, particularly the acetabular cup. Deviations from the ideal position can negatively impact the service life of the prosthesis, increase polyethylene wear, and affect hip loading. Dislocation of the acetabular cup is not uncommon, sometimes unavoidable due to individual anatomical limitations.

Edge loading is another problem associated with THA, where the ball of the implant presses against the edge of the socket. This may lead to accelerated wear of the components and increased debris particles, increasing the risk of bone dissolution, loosening and implant failure. Furthermore, femoral prosthetic cervical fractures are an increasingly complex in THA. These fractures can occur years after hip placement, the etiology of which is multifactorial. Fracture risk is related to certain implant related features such as diaphysis and femoral head materials, as well as specific features such as lead-in holes, sharp etches, and laser etches. Patient-related factors such as age, lifestyle, sex, weight and BMI also increase the risk of implant fracture.

Challenges and limitations of current hip prosthesis designs emphasize the necessity of continual innovation and improvement in THA technology and materials. This includes careful consideration of implants, patients and surgery related factors to reduce the risk of complications and improve the life and effectiveness of hip replacements.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows:

(1) The existing early tissue healing process after implantation is particularly high in dislocation risk. Deviations in implant position can affect the useful life of the prosthesis, increase polyethylene wear and affect hip loading.

(2) The ball of the implant presses against the socket edge, which may lead to accelerated wear of the components, increased debris particles, and thus increased risk of bone dissolution, loosening and implant failure.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a hip joint prosthesis, and aims to provide a solution with stable structure, good biocompatibility and long service life.

The invention discloses a hip joint prosthesis, which comprises a femoral stem and an acetabular cup, wherein the top end of the femoral stem is connected with the bottom of the acetabular cup and can be disassembled, the femoral stem adopts a straight stem, a bent stem or an anatomic stem to adapt to the requirements of different patients, and the acetabular cup adopts a hemispherical shape, a conical shape or an elliptical shape to provide better stability and coverage area.

Furthermore, the femoral stem material is made of high-strength and wear-resistant biocompatible materials, including titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy or ceramic composite materials, has good mechanical property and corrosion resistance, can bear the activities and loads of human bodies, and reduces the risks of wear and fatigue fracture.

The acetabular cup material is prepared from bioactive materials including hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass or biodegradable materials. The materials have good biocompatibility and osseointegration capability, can be tightly combined with surrounding bone tissues, promote bone growth and healing, and reduce the risks of loosening and displacement.

Furthermore, the femur stem is designed, namely the shape and the size of the femur stem are designed according to the anatomical form and the mechanical characteristics of the femur of a human body, and the surface of the stem is subjected to roughening treatment or coating treatment so as to increase the binding force with bone tissues;

Acetabular cup design, namely designing the shape and the size of the acetabular cup according to the anatomical form of human acetabulum. The surface of the cup may be subjected to a microporous treatment or a coating treatment to increase the growth and integration capacity of bone tissue.

Further, the femur stem is manufactured by adopting precision casting, forging or powder metallurgy technology, and the femur stem meeting the design requirement is manufactured by controlling the components, the tissue structure and the mechanical property of materials in the manufacturing process, so that the quality and the reliability of the femur stem are ensured;

the acetabular cup is manufactured by adopting a preparation process of bioactive materials, including a sol-gel method, a powder sintering method or a processing method of biodegradable materials, wherein the acetabular cup meeting the design requirements is manufactured by controlling the porosity, pore size distribution and surface properties of the materials in the manufacturing process so as to promote the growth and integration of bone tissues.

Furthermore, the femur stem is installed, namely the femur stem is inserted into the femur marrow cavity of a patient through operation to be tightly combined with femur, and the femur stem is pressed and matched, fixed by bone cement or biologically fixed in the installation process, and the most suitable fixing mode is selected according to the specific situation of the patient;

The acetabular cup is installed by placing the acetabular cup in the acetabulum of a patient through operation to enable the acetabular cup to be tightly combined with surrounding bone tissues, and the stability and the fixity of the acetabular cup are ensured by adopting press fit, screw fixation or bone cement fixation in the installation process.

In combination with the technical scheme and the technical problems to be solved, the technical scheme to be protected has the following advantages and positive effects:

first, aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty of solving the problems, some technical effects brought by solving the problems have creative effects. The specific description is as follows:

The invention provides a solution with stable structure, good biocompatibility and long service life by improving the material of the hip joint prosthesis, combines the research of the inventor on the existing exosomes, utilizes the good biological binding property of the exosomes in the human body to stably release substances for promoting fracture healing, and ensures the stability of the hip joint prosthesis in double physical and biological angles and reduces the incidence rate of fracture around the prosthesis.

Secondly, the hip joint prosthesis design of the invention effectively solves a plurality of problems in the prior art by combining innovative material selection, personalized design, advanced manufacturing process and installation method with strong adaptability, and realizes remarkable technical progress.

The adaptability and stability of the implant are improved, the customized design and advanced material selection enable the implant to better adapt to the anatomy of different patients, and the risks of dislocation and instability are reduced.

Enhanced durability and reduced complications by using advanced materials and designs, the present invention reduces the risk of implant wear and breakage, thereby extending the useful life of the hip prosthesis and reducing the likelihood of requiring secondary surgery.

The invention promotes the growth and integration of bone tissues and accelerates the healing process after operation by adopting bioactive materials and surface treatment technology.

The invention improves the success rate of surgery and patient satisfaction by providing a more personalized and adaptable implant.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hip joint prosthesis provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a split block diagram of a hip joint prosthesis provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a femoral stem provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure, 1, a femoral stem, 2, an acetabular cup.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Two specific application embodiments of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:

Example 1 application of a straight femoral stem and hemispherical acetabular cup

In this embodiment, a straight femoral stem is used in conjunction with a hemispherical acetabular cup. The protocol is suitable for patients with standard anatomy, particularly those with good bone conditions.

The straight shank femoral stem is designed to be directly inserted into the bone marrow cavity of a femur of a patient. The straight shank design is easy to insert and, due to its shape and surface treatment (e.g. roughening), enables good osseointegration. The design is suitable for a linear femur medullary cavity, ensures the stability of a handle and reduces swing.

The hemispherical acetabular cup provides excellent coverage area and contact surface, can uniformly disperse load and reduces edge load. This shape, in combination with a biocompatible material, such as hydroxyapatite, promotes binding to surrounding bone tissue, increases stability and reduces the risk of loosening.

Example 2 use of curved femoral stem and oval acetabular cup

In this embodiment, a curved stem femoral stem is used in conjunction with an oblong acetabular cup. This combination is suitable for patients with nonstandard anatomy or poor bone quality.

The design simulates the bending of a natural femur, and is more suitable for femur marrow cavities with complex anatomical structures or non-standard anatomical structures. The bent handle can better fit the internal curve of the bone marrow cavity of a patient, and better mechanical stability is provided. The surface treatment also increases the binding force with bone tissue.

Oval acetabular cups oval designs provide greater contact surface and better stability, particularly in irregularly shaped acetabulum. This shape helps to better distribute the load, especially in the case of poor bone quality.

In view of the problems with the prior art, the present invention provides a hip joint prosthesis, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

Stability and adaptation of the implant by providing femoral stems of different shapes (straight stem, curved stem, anatomic stem) and acetabular cups of different shapes (hemispherical, conical, oval), the present invention provides better customization and adaptation to individual differences and anatomic structures of different patients.

The choice of materials using high strength, abrasion resistant biocompatible materials such as titanium alloys, cobalt chrome alloys, ceramic composites and hydroxyapatite increases the durability and biocompatibility of the implant, reducing the risk of wear and fatigue fracture.

The design of the femoral stem and the acetabular cup enhances the binding force with bone tissues, improves the stability and prolongs the service life by designing the femoral stem and the acetabular cup according to the anatomical and mechanical properties of human body and surface treatment technology (such as roughening treatment or coating treatment).

The manufacturing process adopts advanced manufacturing processes (such as precision casting, forging and powder metallurgy processes) to ensure the accurate manufacture and high quality standard of the femoral stem and the acetabular cup.

The mounting mode is to select the most proper fixing mode (such as press fit, bone cement fixing or biological fixing) according to the specific condition of a patient, so that the stability and the safety of the implant are improved.

1. Material selection

The femur handle 1 is made of a high-strength wear-resistant biocompatible material, such as titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy or ceramic composite material. The materials have good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, can bear the activities and loads of human bodies, and simultaneously reduce the risks of abrasion and fatigue fracture.

The acetabular cup 2 material is selected from a bioactive material such as hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass or biodegradable material. The materials have good biocompatibility and osseointegration capability, can be tightly combined with surrounding bone tissues, promote bone growth and healing, and reduce the risks of loosening and displacement.

2. Structural design

The femur handle 1 is designed, namely the shape and the size of the femur handle 1 are designed according to the anatomical form and the mechanical characteristics of the femur of a human body. The femoral stem 1 can take different forms such as a straight stem, a curved stem or an anatomical stem, etc. to adapt to the needs of different patients. The surface of the stem may be roughened or coated to increase the binding force with bone tissue.

The design of the acetabular cup 2 is that the shape and the size of the acetabular cup 2 are designed according to the anatomical form of the acetabulum of a human body. The acetabular cup 2 may take on various shapes such as hemispherical, conical, or elliptical to provide greater stability and coverage area. The surface of the cup may be subjected to a microporous treatment or a coating treatment to increase the growth and integration capacity of bone tissue.

3. Manufacturing process

The femur handle 1 is manufactured by adopting the processes of precision casting, forging or powder metallurgy and the like to manufacture the femur handle 1 meeting the design requirements. The composition, tissue structure and mechanical properties of the materials need to be controlled in the manufacturing process, so that the quality and reliability of the femoral stem 1 are ensured.

The acetabular cup 2 is manufactured by adopting a preparation process of bioactive materials, such as a sol-gel method, a powder sintering method or a processing method of biodegradable materials, so as to manufacture the acetabular cup 2 meeting the design requirements. The porosity, pore size distribution and surface properties of the material need to be controlled during the manufacturing process to promote bone tissue growth and integration.

4. Mounting and fixing

The femoral stem 1 is installed by inserting the femoral stem 1 into the medullary cavity of the femur of the patient through surgery so as to be tightly combined with the femur. Different modes such as press fit, bone cement fixation or biological fixation can be adopted in the installation process, and the most suitable fixation mode is selected according to the specific condition of a patient.

The acetabular cup 2 is installed by surgically placing the acetabular cup 2 within the patient's acetabulum to tightly bond with surrounding bone tissue. Different modes such as press fit, screw fixation or bone cement fixation can be adopted in the installation process, so that the stability and the fixability of the acetabular cup 2 are ensured.

Through the specific implementation method, the hip joint prosthesis with stable structure, good biocompatibility and long service life can be manufactured, and a more reliable and effective choice is provided for hip joint replacement operation.

5. Femur stem 1 structural design

And (3) designing a handle shape:

The straight handle is suitable for patients with relatively straight bone marrow cavity, has a cylindrical whole body and a smooth surface, and is sometimes provided with longitudinal or transverse grooves to increase the adhesive force of bone cement.

The bending handle is designed to adapt to the front bow rate of the femur, the proximal end is provided with a certain angle bending, and the distal end is gradually thinned to adapt to the narrow part of the marrow cavity.

Anatomical handle-according to the proximal anatomical form of the femur, with better fit, the proximal end may have a stem angle and a rake angle to mimic the natural femur.

Surface treatment:

sand blasting to increase the roughness of the handle surface and to facilitate the combination of bone ingrowth and bone cement.

Coatings such as hydroxyapatite coatings may further promote osseointegration.

Porous structure-the distal end of part of the stem is designed with a porous structure, allowing bone tissue ingrowth, enhancing stability.

The fixing mode is as follows:

non-bone cement type, relies on a tight press fit and surface roughness of the stem to achieve biosolidation.

Bone cement-the bone marrow cavity is filled with Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, fixing the stem in place.

6. Acetabular cup 2 structural design

Cup shape:

Hemispherical, providing a larger footprint and stability.

Oval-shaped, adapting to the natural shape of acetabulum, providing better fit.

An outer surface:

Porous coatings such as titanium mesh, hydroxyapatite, etc., for osseointegration.

Roughening treatment, namely increasing the bone ingrowth area.

Lining:

Polyethylene lining to provide a sliding interface between the joint surfaces to reduce wear.

Ceramic or metal lining, more wear-resistant, suitable for young or high mobility patients.

The fixing mode is as follows:

press-fit fixation, namely fixation is realized through the close fit of the acetabular cup 2 and the acetabular bone bed.

Screw fixation-the acetabular cup 2 is fixed to the acetabulum using a plurality of screws.

7. Other components

The femoral head is usually made of ceramic, metal (such as cobalt-chromium alloy) or polymer material (such as polyethylene) and is matched with the acetabular liner to form a joint.

The dislocation preventing mechanism is that part of the prosthesis is designed with a structure for preventing dislocation of the hip joint, such as increasing the diameter of the femoral head, designing dislocation preventing grooves, and the like.

The features of these structural designs are intended to provide optimal stability, biocompatibility and service life while meeting the activity needs of the patient. However, the specific design details may vary depending on the particular needs of the manufacturer and patient.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, and the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The hip joint prosthesis is characterized by comprising a femur handle and an acetabular cup, wherein the top end of the femur handle is connected with the bottom of the acetabular cup and can be detached, the femur handle adopts a straight handle, a bent handle or an anatomic handle to adapt to the requirements of different patients, and the acetabular cup adopts a hemispherical shape, a conical shape or an elliptical shape to provide better stability and coverage area.

2. The hip joint prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the femoral stem material is selected from a high strength, wear resistant biocompatible material comprising titanium alloy, cobalt chrome alloy or ceramic composite material having good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance capable of withstanding body movements and loads while reducing the risk of wear and fatigue fracture.

The acetabulum cup material is made of bioactive materials including hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass or biodegradable materials, has good biocompatibility and osseointegration capability, can be tightly combined with surrounding bone tissues, promotes bone growth and healing, and reduces the risks of loosening and displacement.

3. The hip joint prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the femoral stem is designed in such a manner that the shape and size of the femoral stem are designed according to the anatomical form and mechanical characteristics of the human femur;

the design of the acetabular cup comprises the steps of designing the shape and the size of the acetabular cup according to the anatomical form of human acetabulum, and carrying out micropore treatment or coating treatment on the surface of the acetabular cup to increase the growth and integration capacity of bone tissues.

4. The hip joint prosthesis of claim 1, wherein the femoral stem is manufactured by adopting a precision casting, forging or powder metallurgy process, and the femoral stem meeting the design requirements is manufactured by controlling the composition, the tissue structure and the mechanical property of materials in the manufacturing process, so that the quality and the reliability of the femoral stem are ensured;

the acetabular cup is manufactured by adopting a preparation process of bioactive materials, including a sol-gel method, a powder sintering method or a processing method of biodegradable materials, wherein the acetabular cup meeting the design requirements is manufactured by controlling the porosity, pore size distribution and surface properties of the materials in the manufacturing process so as to promote the growth and integration of bone tissues.

5. The hip joint prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the femoral stem is installed by inserting the femoral stem into the bone marrow cavity of the femur of the patient through surgery to tightly combine the femoral stem with the femur, wherein the installation process adopts press fit, bone cement fixation or biological fixation, and the most suitable fixation mode is selected according to the specific situation of the patient;

The acetabular cup is installed by placing the acetabular cup in the acetabulum of a patient through operation to enable the acetabular cup to be tightly combined with surrounding bone tissues, and the stability and the fixity of the acetabular cup are ensured by adopting press fit, screw fixation or bone cement fixation in the installation process.