CN119818084A - SMV blood distribution calculation method and postoperative hepatic encephalopathy risk assessment method - Google Patents
SMV blood distribution calculation method and postoperative hepatic encephalopathy risk assessment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种SMV血液分布计算方法及术后肝性脑病风险评估方法，涉及医学技术领域，包括步骤：S1、获取患者的CTA影像数据和超声数据；S2、对门静脉系统解剖和TIPS支架进行三维重建；S3、完成数值模拟；S4、定量分析SMV血液分布特征；S5、通过对TIPS手术前SMV血液分布计算，得到SMV血液分布特征，分析SMV血液流向门静脉左支和门静脉右支的比例，选择植入支架的位置，减少术后SMV血液进入TIPS支架的比例，评估TIPS手术后患者肝性脑病的风险。本发明可以分析SMV血液在门静脉系统的流动规律，并且能够获知任意位置处SMV血液的体积占比（即百分比）；验证了“血氨假说”，提高了肝性脑病的预估准确度。
The present invention discloses a method for calculating SMV blood distribution and a method for assessing the risk of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy, which relates to the field of medical technology and includes the following steps: S1, obtaining CTA image data and ultrasound data of a patient; S2, performing three-dimensional reconstruction of the portal vein system anatomy and TIPS stent; S3, completing numerical simulation; S4, quantitatively analyzing the SMV blood distribution characteristics; S5, obtaining the SMV blood distribution characteristics by calculating the SMV blood distribution before TIPS surgery, analyzing the proportion of SMV blood flowing to the left branch of the portal vein and the right branch of the portal vein, selecting the position of implanting the stent, reducing the proportion of SMV blood entering the TIPS stent after surgery, and assessing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients after TIPS surgery. The present invention can analyze the flow law of SMV blood in the portal vein system, and can obtain the volume proportion (i.e. percentage) of SMV blood at any position; the "blood ammonia hypothesis" is verified, and the accuracy of hepatic encephalopathy estimation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicine, in particular to an SMV blood distribution calculation method and a postoperative hepatic encephalopathy risk assessment method.
Background
Portal hypertension, i.e., abnormally elevated portal system pressure, is a major consequence of cirrhosis. It can lead to serious complications such as esophageal gastric fundus varices rupture bleeding and refractory hydrothorax and ascites. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) is a minimally invasive procedure, conducted under angiographic guidance. The purpose of this procedure is to implant a stent graft at the left, right or trunk branch of the portal vein, creating a shunt path from the portal vein to the hepatic vein. In this way, a portion of portal blood may enter the hepatic vein directly and then flow into the inferior vena cava, thereby reducing portal pressure.
TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) is used as a minimally invasive and accurate operation, can obviously relieve portal hypertension, and is the most widely applied treatment method in clinic at present. However, hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) occurs in up to 35% -55% of patients within one year after TIPS stent implantation. Hepatic encephalopathy, also known as hepatic coma, is a syndrome characterized by dysfunction of the central nervous system. Its main symptoms include a decline in consciousness level, abnormal behavior, and coma. If not treated effectively in time, the illness state may be worsened, so that a plurality of systems such as nerves, digestion, blood, endocrine of a patient are dysfunctional, and the life quality of the patient is seriously affected. Thus, for patients with cirrhosis with portal hypertension, prevention of hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS surgery is a key factor in maintaining their long-term quality of life.
Although the exact mechanism by which TIPS post-operative hepatic encephalopathy occurs is not yet fully understood, it is widely believed to be closely related to post-operative changes in the hemodynamic system of the portal vein. Portal venous blood flow is formed by the convergence of superior mesenteric veins, which are rich in hormones such as insulin and glucagon that promote hepatocyte proliferation, and splenic veins, which carry nutrients and harmful substances such as blood ammonia that are absorbed from the intestinal tract. Under normal physiological conditions, these blood flows into the liver through the left and right portal veins, and ammonia is bioconverted by synthesizing urea and glutamine. However, TIPS surgery results in partial portal venous blood flow bypassing the liver directly into the hepatic vein, and particularly superior mesenteric venous blood rich in blood ammonia flows into the systemic circulation without liver treatment, eventually reaching the brain, disrupting the blood brain barrier, which is believed to be the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, deep research on hemodynamic changes of the portal vein system before and after TIPS operation, especially on the distribution characteristics of venous blood on mesentery, has a vital meaning for preventing hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS operation.
Currently, ultrasound and portal angiography techniques are mainly used clinically to analyze the blood flow pattern of the portal system and the blood distribution characteristics of the superior mesenteric vein. The method provides important support for optimizing the TIPS technical scheme, remarkably improves the success rate and safety of the TIPS operation, and is beneficial to effectively reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy of patients. However, ultrasound examination may be limited by factors such as patient size and intestinal gas interference, and portal angiography presents certain risks and potential complications as an invasive examination. More importantly, both ultrasound and portal angiography can only perform qualitative analysis on the flow distribution of SMV and SV in the portal vein, and cannot accurately quantify the specific distribution of SMV in the left and right portal veins. Therefore, in order to more accurately evaluate hemodynamic changes before and after TIPS surgery, particularly quantitative distribution characteristics of SMV in the portal venous system, a more accurate and safe evaluation means is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an SMV blood distribution calculation method and a postoperative hepatic encephalopathy risk assessment method.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the invention discloses a method for calculating SMV blood distribution, comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring CTA image data and ultrasonic data of a patient;
S2, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the portal vein system anatomy and the TIPS bracket;
S3, completing numerical simulation;
S4, quantitatively analyzing SMV blood distribution characteristics.
Based on the first aspect, the step S2 specifically comprises reconstructing a three-dimensional anatomical model of a patient before and after a TIPS operation based on CTA data of the patient, wherein the three-dimensional anatomical model comprises a portal vein trunk, a portal vein left branch, a portal vein right branch, a superior mesenteric vein and a splenic vein, the three-dimensional anatomical model of the patient after the TIPS operation further comprises a TIPS bracket, all inlets and outlets on the model are prolonged by 10 times of the diameter of the three-dimensional anatomical model, mesh division is carried out through ANSYS ICEM software, unstructured mesh types are selected, the mesh size is set to be 1/15 of the diameter of the portal vein, the mesh near the wall of a blood vessel is encrypted, 6 layers of boundary layers are set, the total thickness is 1/10 of the size of an outlet of the model, and the growth rate is 1.2.
Based on the first aspect, step S3 specifically includes passing through the N-S equationAnd continuity equationNumerical simulation was performed in whichRepresenting the velocity vector of the fluid,Indicating the pressure of the fluid and,Indicating the density of the blood and,Is a vector differential operator, and is expressed by a formulaCalculating dynamic viscosity coefficient of bloodWhereinThe shear rate is indicated by the term "shear rate",,,,The inlet boundary condition of the numerical simulation is obtained by conversion according to clinical actual ultrasonic data, the outlet is set as a resistance boundary condition, and the numerical simulation is obtained by calculation of portal vein pressure and flow.
Based on the first aspect, step S3 further comprises setting convergence criteria for the numerical simulation, including residuals for both the mass equation and the momentum equation below 10 -5.
Based on the first aspect, step S3 further comprises dividing the results of the numerical simulation into pre-TIPS operation and post-TIPS operation;
Before TIPS operation, the SMV blood proportion of the left branch of the portal vein is R LPV=QLPV-SMV/QSMV,QLPV-SMV=QLPV*RLPV-SMV, wherein R LPV is the proportion of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein, Q LPV-SMV is the flow of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein, Q SMV is the total flow of SMV blood in the system of the portal vein, Q LPV is the total blood flow of the left branch of the portal vein, and R LPV-SMV is the proportion of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein to the total blood;
The SMV blood proportion of the right branch of the portal vein is R RPV=QRPV-SMV/QSMV,QRPV-SMV=QRPV*RRPV-SMV, wherein R RPV is the proportion of SMV blood in the right branch of the portal vein, Q RPV-SMV is the flow of SMV blood in the right branch of the portal vein, Q RPV is the total blood flow of the right branch of the portal vein, and R RPV-SMV is the proportion of SMV blood in the right branch of the portal vein to the total blood;
After TIPS operation, the SMV blood ratio in the stent is R Stent=QStent-SMV/QSMV,QStent-SMV=QStent*RStent-SMV, wherein R Stent is the SMV blood ratio in the TIPS stent, Q Stent-SMV is the SMV blood flow in the TIPS stent, Q Stent is the total blood flow of the TIPS stent, and R Stent-SMV is the SMV blood ratio in the TIPS stent.
Based on the first aspect, the step S4 specifically comprises incorporating a liquid-liquid two-phase flow module, analyzing quantitative distribution characteristics of SMV blood in portal vein, and combining the first stepVolume of phaseIs defined asWhereinIs the firstThe volume fraction of the phase is given by the equationFirst, theThe effective density of the phase isWhereinIs the firstPhysical Density of the phases (1)The continuity equation of the phase isNumber of integrated stereoCalculation of equation(s) for (i) and (ii) the next phase continuity equationVolume fraction of phases, whereinIs the firstVelocity of the phase (c)The momentum equation for the phase is: Wherein Is the acceleration of gravity and,Is the firstThe stress strain tensor of a phase is defined asWhereinIs the firstThe shear viscosity of the phase is determined by the viscosity of the phase,Is the firstThe bulk viscosity of the phase, T represents the transpose,Is an identity matrix of the unit cell,Is externally applied toThe volumetric force of the phase is such that,Is externally applied toThe internal lift of the phase is such that,Is applied to the firstThe virtual mass force of the phase(s),Is the firstDrag force of phase, through formulaCalculating a drag force, whereinRepresenting the discrete phase(s),The continuous phase is represented by the term "continuous phase",In continuous phaseIs used to control the drag force of the (c) in the (c),Is in a discrete phaseIs used to control the drag force of the (c) in the (c),Is in a discrete phaseIs used for the volume fraction of (a),In continuous phaseIs used for the volume fraction of (a),Is in a discrete phaseIs used for the physical density of the (c) a,Is in a discrete phaseIs used for the speed of the (c) in the (c),In continuous phaseIs used for the speed of the (c) in the (c),The calculation method is that the particle surface relaxation parameter time is as followsWhereinRepresenting discrete phasesThe diameter of the liquid droplet is such that,Representing discrete phasesShear viscosity, drag force function of (2)The calculation method of (1) is thatWhereinIn order for the coefficient of drag to be the same,Drag coefficient for relative Reynolds numberThe calculation method of (1) is thatRelative Reynolds numberThe calculation method of (1) is thatWhereinIn continuous phaseIs used for the physical density of the (c) a,In continuous phaseIs used for the shear viscosity of the rubber composition.
The invention also discloses a postoperative hepatic encephalopathy risk assessment method based on SMV blood distribution calculation, which comprises the following steps of S5, assessing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy of a patient after TIPS operation by calculating the SMV blood distribution before the TIPS operation, wherein the SMV blood distribution calculation specifically adopts the SMV blood distribution calculation method.
Based on the second aspect, step S5 comprises calculating SMV blood distribution characteristics of the SMV blood distribution before TIPS operation, analyzing the proportion of SMV blood flowing to the left branch of the portal vein and the right branch of the portal vein, thereby selecting the position of the implanted stent, reducing the proportion of SMV blood entering the TIPS stent after operation, and evaluating the risk of hepatic encephalopathy of the patient after TIPS operation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The invention can quantitatively analyze the distribution characteristics of SMV blood, and preliminarily verify the 'blood ammonia hypothesis', thereby improving the estimation accuracy of hepatic encephalopathy.
2) The invention can analyze the flow rule of SMV blood in the portal vein system, can acquire the volume ratio (i.e. percentage) of SMV blood at any position, and selects a proper position to implant a bracket by analyzing the ratio of SMV blood before TIPS operation to the left branch of the portal vein and the right branch of the portal vein, thereby reducing the ratio of SMV blood entering the TIPS bracket after operation and evaluating the risk of hepatic encephalopathy of patients after TIPS operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of SMV blood ratio in TIPS postoperative stents in hepatic encephalopathy group and non-hepatic encephalopathy group according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model reconstruction process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention discloses an SMV blood distribution calculating method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring CTA image data and ultrasonic data of a patient;
S2, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the portal vein system anatomy and the TIPS bracket;
S3, completing numerical simulation;
S4, quantitatively analyzing SMV blood distribution characteristics.
Specifically, step S2 comprises reconstructing a three-dimensional anatomical model of a patient before and after a TIPS operation based on CTA data of the patient, wherein the three-dimensional anatomical model comprises a portal vein trunk, a portal vein left branch, a portal vein right branch, an superior mesenteric vein and a splenic vein, the three-dimensional anatomical model after the TIPS operation further comprises a TIPS bracket, wherein for simulation, all the inlets and outlets are prolonged by 10 times of the diameter of the three-dimensional anatomical model to ensure that viscous fluid at the inlets can fully develop and reduce the influence of a backflow area at the outlets, meshing is performed by ANSYS ICEM software, unstructured mesh types are selected, the mesh size is set to be 1/15 of the diameter of the portal vein, the mesh near the wall of a blood vessel is subjected to encryption treatment in consideration of boundary layer effect, 6 layers of boundary layers are set, the total thickness is about 1/10 of the size of the outlet of the model, the growth rate is 1.2, a three-dimensional model reconstruction process is schematically shown in FIG. 3, wherein PV represents the portal vein, SMV represents the superior mesenteric vein, SV represents the left gastric vein, LPV represents the left portal vein, RPV represents the right portal vein, Q SMV represents the bracket, Q SMV represents the total blood flow resistance of the system LGR R represents the left portal vein, and the resistance value of the left portal vein is the total flow resistance of the system.
Specifically, step S3 includes providing that the pulsation characteristic of the blood flow is not significant in the venous system, and that the blood flow in the portal vein is relatively stable during the ultrasound examination and collection of the portal vein flow, assuming that the blood is a continuously homogeneous incompressible non-Newtonian fluid with a dynamic viscosity coefficientBy N-S equation, reference is made to the Carreau-Yasuda model in a non-Newtonian fluidAnd continuity equationNumerical simulation was performed in whichRepresenting the velocity vector of the fluid,Indicating the pressure of the fluid and,Represents the density of blood, is set to 1050 kg/m3,Is a vector differential operator, and is expressed by a formulaCalculating dynamic viscosity coefficient of bloodDescription of dynamic viscosity coefficients of blood Using Carreau modelWith shear rateΛ=3.313 s, n= 0.3568,,The inlet boundary condition of the numerical simulation is obtained by conversion according to clinical actual ultrasonic data, the outlet is set as a resistance boundary condition, and the numerical simulation is obtained by calculation of portal vein pressure and flow.
Specifically, step S3 also includes that the numerical simulation of the hemodynamics is performed in computational fluid dynamics (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) software Ansys Fluent. All calculations use a software default split solver (SEGREGATED SOLVER), i.e., a Pressure-Based solver (Pressure-Based). The convergence criterion is set to be below 10-5 for both mass and momentum equation residuals.
Specifically, step S3 further includes dividing the results of the numerical simulation into a pre-TIPS operation and a post-TIPS operation, respectively, wherein before the TIPS operation, the proportion of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein is R LPV=QLPV-SMV/QSMV,QLPV-SMV=QLPV*RLPV-SMV, wherein R LPV is the proportion of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein, Q LPV-SMV is the flow of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein, Q SMV is the total flow of SMV blood in the portal vein system (i.e., the total flow of SMV blood in the right branch of the portal vein and the left branch of the portal vein), Q LPV is the total flow of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein, and R LPV-SMV is the proportion of SMV blood in the left branch of the portal vein to the total blood. The SMV blood ratio of the right portal branch is R RPV=QRPV-SMV/QSMV,QRPV-SMV=QRPV*RRPV-SMV, wherein R RPV is the SMV blood ratio of the right portal branch, Q RPV-SMV is the SMV blood flow of the right portal branch, Q RPV is the total SMV blood flow of the right portal branch, and R RPV-SMV is the SMV blood ratio of the right portal branch to the total SMV blood. After TIPS operation, the SMV blood ratio in the stent is R Stent=QStent-SMV/QSMV,QStent-SMV=QStent*RStent-SMV, wherein R Stent is the SMV blood ratio in the TIPS stent, Q Stent-SMV is the SMV blood flow in the TIPS stent, Q Stent is the total blood flow of the TIPS stent, and R Stent-SMV is the SMV blood ratio in the TIPS stent.
Specifically, step S4 includes incorporating a liquid-liquid two-phase flow module for the purpose of exploring the quantitative distribution characteristics of SMV blood in the portal vein. The model uses an Eulerian method to calculate each phase respectively, and solves simultaneous equations of mass conservation and momentum conservation, so that a high-precision simulation result can be provided. In order to more effectively apply the euler two-fluid model to the liquid-liquid two-phase flow problem of the portal vein system, the computational model is moderately simplified. In the process, the continuity and momentum conservation equation of each phase is solved independently, all phases share the same pressure field, mass and energy exchange does not exist between the phases, the diameter of the liquid drop is fixed, and the like. These simplifications help reduce model complexity while maintaining sufficient accuracy to capture critical hydrodynamic features within the portal system.
Specifically, the volume fraction equation and the phase volume fraction concept are one of the features of the euler dual-fluid model, and under the framework of the model, each phase needs to ensure that the mass and momentum conservation law is satisfied, so that the accurate description of the behaviors of each phase in multiphase flow is ensured. Will be the firstVolume of phaseIs defined asWhereinIs the firstThe volume fraction of the phase is given by the equationFirst, theThe effective density of the phase isWhereinIs the firstPhysical density of the phases.
Specifically, the continuity equation, thThe continuity equation of the phase isNumber of integrated stereoCalculation of equation(s) for (i) and (ii) the next phase continuity equationVolume fraction of phases, whereinIs the firstThe speed of the phases.
Specifically, the momentum equation, thThe momentum equation for the phase is: Wherein Is the acceleration of gravity and,Is the firstThe stress strain tensor of a phase is defined asWhereinIs the firstThe shear viscosity of the phase is determined by the viscosity of the phase,Is the firstThe bulk viscosity of the phase, T represents the transpose,Is an identity matrix of the unit cell,Is externally applied toThe volumetric force of the phase is such that,Is externally applied toThe internal lift of the phase is such that,Is applied to the firstThe virtual mass force of the phase(s),Is the firstThe drag force of the phase, since the present invention employs a liquid-liquid two-phase flow module, the flow in the vessel does not need to take into account external volumetric forces, and the lift force is a very small amount relative to the drag force and therefore can be ignored. In the present invention, it is assumed that the blood flowing from the SMV is a first blood, and the blood flowing from the splenic vein is a second blood, wherein the first blood and the second blood are both identical in material property settings, the first blood is a first phase, and the second blood is a second phase. The material properties (density and viscosity) of the two phases are set to be the same, so the virtual mass force is also negligible. Finally only the effect of drag force has to be considered.
Specifically, by the formulaCalculating a drag force, whereinRepresenting the discrete phase(s),The continuous phase is represented by the term "continuous phase",In continuous phaseIs used to control the drag force of the (c) in the (c),Is in a discrete phaseIs used to control the drag force of the (c) in the (c),Is in a discrete phaseIs used for the volume fraction of (a),In continuous phaseIs used for the volume fraction of (a),Is in a discrete phaseIs used for the physical density of the (c) a,Is in a discrete phaseIs used for the speed of the (c) in the (c),In continuous phaseIs used for the speed of the (c) in the (c),The calculation method is that the particle surface relaxation parameter time is as followsWhereinRepresenting discrete phasesThe diameter of the liquid droplet is such that,Representing discrete phasesShear viscosity, drag force function of (2)There is a certain difference in the different models, but they all contain a relative Reynolds numberAdopts a Schiller model and a drag functionThe calculation method of (1) is thatWhereinIn order for the coefficient of drag to be the same,Drag coefficient for relative Reynolds numberThe calculation method of (1) is thatRelative Reynolds numberThe calculation method of (1) is thatWhereinIn continuous phaseIs used for the physical density of the (c) a,In continuous phaseIs used for the shear viscosity of the rubber composition.
The invention also discloses a postoperative hepatic encephalopathy risk assessment method based on SMV blood distribution calculation, wherein the flow chart of the steps is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps of S5, assessing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy of a patient after a TIPS operation through calculating the SMV blood distribution before the TIPS operation, wherein the SMV blood distribution calculation specifically adopts the SMV blood distribution calculation method. The method specifically comprises the steps of calculating SMV blood distribution characteristics before TIPS operation, analyzing the proportion of SMV blood flowing to left portal vein branch and right portal vein branch, selecting the position of an implanted stent, reducing the proportion of SMV blood entering the TIPS stent after operation, and evaluating the risk of hepatic encephalopathy of patients after TIPS operation.
By way of example, the invention allows the quantitative analysis of the distribution characteristics of SMV blood and the preliminary verification of the "blood ammonia hypothesis", which indicates that, after a large amount of blood ammonia enters the brain circulation, it is able to cross the blood brain barrier and perform a synthetic treatment in the brain, which consumes a large amount of energy, thus affecting other normal brain functions and eventually causing hepatic encephalopathy. Multiple animal experiments prove that the blood ammonia concentration in SMV blood is obviously higher than that in other blood vessels, so that excessive SMV blood directly flows into the systemic circulation without being detoxified by the liver, and the SMV blood is probably an important cause of high incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. The results of SMV blood ratios in TIPS postoperative stents in hepatic encephalopathy group (HE, 33 cases) and non-hepatic encephalopathy group (N-HE, 12 cases) are schematically shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen that the proportion of SMV blood in the scaffolds of patients with hepatic encephalopathy group after TIPS surgery was significantly higher than that of patients with non-hepatic encephalopathy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). This result suggests that a significant amount of SMV blood rich in blood ammonia bypasses the detoxification process of the liver directly into the systemic circulation, probably being an important mechanism leading to the occurrence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy. If the SMV blood proportion directly entering the bracket can be reduced, more SMV blood flows into the liver to detoxify, and blood ammonia is eliminated, the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS operation can be reduced.
Illustratively, the invention can select a proper position to implant the bracket by analyzing the proportion of SMV blood before TIPS operation to flow to the left branch of the portal vein and the right branch of the portal vein, thereby reducing the proportion of SMV blood after operation to enter the TIPS bracket and evaluating the occurrence probability of hepatic encephalopathy of patients after TIPS operation. In patient a and patient B, the portal vein pressure gradient (PCG) remained consistent before and after TIPS surgery. However, the ratios of pre-operative SMV blood flow to the left and right portal veins were 74.14% and 25.86% (patient a), and 36.08% and 63.92% (patient B), respectively, showing significant differences. After implantation of a TIPS stent of 8mm diameter into the right portal vein in both patients, the SMV blood flow to the stent was observed to be 45.83% (patient a) and 80.54% (patient B), respectively. Notably, patient a did not develop any postoperative complications during the up to 989 days of follow-up period, in contrast to patient B who developed hepatic encephalopathy only 27 days post-operation. This suggests that for the case like patient B, if the TIPS stent is chosen to be placed on the left portal branch where SMV blood is less, it may be helpful to reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. According to the simulation result prediction of the invention, if a patient adopts the method, the proportion of SMV blood flowing into the stent after operation can be reduced to 63.56 percent.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
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| US20170319984A1 (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2017-11-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Processes for analysis and optimization of multiphase separators, particular in regards to simulated gravity separation of immiscible liquid dispersions |
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