CN119815564A

CN119815564A - A method and device in a node used for uplink timing of wireless communication

Info

Publication number: CN119815564A
Application number: CN202410406336.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋琦; 王平; 张晓博
Original assignee: Honor Device Co Ltd
Current assignee: Honor Device Co Ltd
Priority date: 2024-04-06
Filing date: 2024-04-06
Publication date: 2025-04-11
Also published as: WO2025209048A1

Abstract

The present application discloses a method and apparatus in a node used for uplink timing of wireless communication. The node receives a first signaling, which initiates a random access process; then sends a first signal; the random access process initiated by the first signaling includes the first signal; whether the first signaling includes a domain dependency indicating the transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value. The present application optimizes uplink synchronization in wireless communication, and on the basis of reducing improvements to existing standards, ensures uplink synchronization in uplink and downlink asymmetric scenarios, thereby improving overall performance.

Description

Method and apparatus in a node used for wireless communication uplink timing

Technical Field

The present application relates to a signal transmission method and apparatus in a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for uplink timing.

Background

The multi-antenna technology is a key technology in 3GPP (3 rdGeneration Partner Project, third generation partnership project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) systems and NR (New Radio) systems, and additional degrees of spatial freedom are obtained by configuring multiple antennas at a communication node, such as a base station or UE (User Equipment). The multiple antennas are formed by beam forming, beams are directed to a specific direction to improve communication quality, when the multiple antennas belong to multiple TRPs (TRANSMITTER RECEIVER Point, transmitting and receiving nodes)/panel, an additional diversity gain can be obtained by utilizing space difference between different TRPs/panel, wherein a heterogeneous network (heterogeneous network) is deployed, so that a UE can receive DownLink (DL) transmission from one gNB, but send UpLink (UL) transmission to the gNB or non-co-located TRP/panel, which is an important enhancement scheme for improving UpLink throughput (throughput), and further, receiving the UL TRP/panel can reduce or even shut down the DL transmission to reduce energy consumption.

In 2023, month 12, RAN (Radio Access Network ) #102, on the whole, passed WI (Work Item) of NR MIMO Phase 5, RAN1 working group supports this UL/DL ASYMMETRIC (asymmetric) deployment scenario at least by enhancing UL Power Control (PC) in Rel-19 Phase, including configuring path loss offset for UE in order to precisely calculate UE path loss associated with TRP/panel, and two closed-loop PC regulatory states supporting two SRS (Sounding Resource Signal, sounding reference signal) acquisition and UL multi-TRP (multi-TRP) transmission for DL CSI (CHANNEL STATE Information) acquisition and UL multi-TRP (multi-TRP) transmission, respectively, of the gNB.

Disclosure of Invention

In the existing standard, the base station triggers the UE to send a PRACH (Physical Random access channel) by sending PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) Order to help the base station determine TA (TIMING ADVANCE ) and thus maintain uplink timing.

In the UL/DL ASYMMETRIC scenario, the UE may correspond to different beams/TRP/panel during uplink transmission, and the different beams/TRP/panel may correspond to different TAs, how to support different TAs in one serving cell, and to initiate transmission of PRACH for TA estimation corresponding to different uplink receiving nodes is a problem to be solved.

In view of the above, the present application discloses a solution. It should be noted that, in the description of the above problem, an NR (New Radio) system is taken as an example, the present application is also applicable to a scenario of a future 6G system, and obtains a technical effect similar to an NR system, further, although the present application is initially aimed at UL/DL ASYMMETRIC, a cellular network, uplink transmission, a multi-beam/TRP/panel scenario, the present application can also apply to other non-UL/DL ASYMMETRIC scenarios, and further, a unified design scheme is also adopted for different scenarios (such as other non-UL/DL ASYMMETRIC scenarios including but not limited to sidelink (Sidelink) transmission, downlink transmission, single beam/TRP/panel, RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, reconfigurable intelligent super surface), car networking (Vehicle to Everything, V2X), NCR (Network Control Repeater ) capacity enhancement system, communication system, NTN (Non Terrestrial Network, non-terrestrial network), ioT (Internet ofThings ), URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication, ultra-robust low-delay communication) and the like), which is also helpful for reducing complexity and cost of hardware. Embodiments in any one node of the application and features in embodiments may be applied to any other node without conflict. The embodiments of the application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

In particular, the terms (Terminology), noun, function, and variable used in the present application may be defined in the TS38 series and TS37 series in the technical standards (TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION, TS) of the 3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, third Generation partnership project), if not specifically described. Reference may be made to TS38.211,TS38.212,TS38.213,TS38.214,TS38.215,TS38.300,TS38.304,TS38.305,TS38.321,TS38.331,TS37.355,TS38.423, in the 3GPP technical standard to aid in the understanding of the present application, if required.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition of the 3GPP specification protocol TS38 series.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition of the 3GPP specification protocol TS37 series.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition of the 3GPP specification protocol TS40 series.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition of the 3GPP specification protocol TS39 series.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition in release Rel-17 of the specification protocol of 3 GPP.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition in the release Rel-18 of the specification protocol of 3 GPP.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition in the release Rel-19 of the specification protocol of 3 GPP.

As an embodiment, the term in the present application is explained with reference to the definition in the release Rel-20 of the specification protocol of 3 GPP.

The application discloses a method used in a first node of wireless communication uplink synchronization, which comprises the following steps:

receiving a first signaling, wherein the first signaling initiates a random access process;

transmitting a first signal;

The random access procedure initiated by the first signaling comprises the first signal, and whether the first signaling comprises a domain dependence indicating a transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value.

As an embodiment, the problem to be solved by the present application includes how to determine the TA for the base station and UL-TRP, respectively, in a scenario where one serving cell supports both the base station and UL-TRP to be able to receive uplink transmissions.

As an embodiment, the problem to be solved by the application comprises the uplink timing of the first node.

As an embodiment, the application aims to solve the problems that the PRACH transmission aiming at different uplink receiving points is triggered by adopting a PDCCH Order under the premise of reducing the modification to the existing system.

As an embodiment, the problem to be solved by the application comprises that the UE can send uplink to the base station or send uplink to the remote TRP specially used for receiving uplink, so as to determine two different uplink timings corresponding to the two links.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the first signaling comprises the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is configured, and the first signaling does not comprise the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is not configured.

As one embodiment, the method comprises determining the domain constitution and the domain interpretation of the PDCCH Order based on whether the first path loss offset value is configured, so as to save signaling overhead and improve transmission efficiency.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the first path loss offset value is configured, the first signaling comprises a first field, and the first field included in the first signaling indicates whether the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset.

As an embodiment, the method comprises determining the transmission power value of the first signal according to the dynamic indication of the first domain when the first domain exists, so as to support the PRACH transmission facing the base station and the PRACH transmission facing the UL-TRP at the same time, thereby improving the flexibility.

According to one aspect of the application, the method is characterized in that the first signal is associated to a downstream signal, the transmission power value of the first signal is equal to the smaller of a first maximum power value and a first power value, when the first field comprised by the first signal indicates that the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset, the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target path loss value, the target path loss value comprises the path loss obtained for the downstream signal and the first path loss offset, and when the first field comprised by the first signal indicates that the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first path loss offset, the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target path loss value, and the target path loss value is equal to the path loss obtained for the downstream signal.

As an embodiment, the method comprises the steps of introducing the first path loss offset value to realize PRACH transmission facing to a plurality of nodes, and further adapting to an UL/DL ASYMMETRIC (asymmetric) deployment scenario.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the first signaling comprises Bits occupied by the first domain belonging to Reserved Bits (Reserved Bits).

As an embodiment, the method has the characteristics of ensuring the consistency with the load of the existing DCI (Downlink Control Information ) format, reducing the complexity of system implementation and improving the compatibility.

According to an aspect of the present application, the method is characterized in that the first field included in the first signaling includes only 1 bit, the first field indicates whether the first path loss offset is enabled, the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset when the first path loss offset is enabled, and the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first path loss offset when the first path loss offset is not enabled.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the first path loss offset is associated to a first TCI state, the first TCI state being associated to at least one SRS resource, the first signal and the SRS resource being quasi co-sited.

As one embodiment, the above method features include an integrated design of uplink power control, beamforming, and TA estimation by associating a first path loss offset with a first TCI state to achieve system uniformity.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the first node is a user equipment.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the first node is a relay node.

The application discloses a method used in a second node of wireless communication uplink synchronization, which comprises the following steps:

transmitting a first signaling, wherein the first signaling initiates a random access process;

Receiving a first signal;

According to one aspect of the application, the first signaling includes the field indicating the transmit power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is configured, and the first signaling does not include the field indicating the transmit power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is not configured.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the bits occupied by the first domain included in the first signaling belong to reserved bits.

According to one aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the second node is a base station.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the second node is a user equipment.

According to an aspect of the present application, the above method is characterized in that the second node is a relay node.

The application discloses a device for a first node for uplink synchronization of wireless communication, which comprises:

A first receiver for receiving a first signaling, wherein the first signaling initiates a random access process;

a first transmitter that transmits a first signal;

The application discloses a device of a second node used for wireless communication uplink synchronization, which comprises:

A second transmitter that transmits a first signaling, the first signaling initiating a random access procedure;

a second receiver that receives the first signal;

As an example, the present application has the following advantageous but not limiting advantages over conventional solutions:

the application supports the PRACH transmission facing different uplink receiving points, thereby estimating different TAs and maintaining different uplink synchronization;

uplink multi-beam/TRP/panel transmission with different timing advance values, improving uplink transmission performance;

the application keeps the format of the PDCCH unchanged, and whether the first domain exists or not is related to the configuration of the first path loss offset value, thereby simplifying the design and reducing the signaling overhead;

the application supports the dynamic indication of the PRACH switching between two uplink receiving points, thereby improving the flexibility.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the following drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a first node transmission according to one embodiment of the application;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture according to one embodiment of the application;

Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture of a user plane and a control plane according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a first communication device and a second communication device according to one embodiment of the application;

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of transmissions between a first node and a second node according to one embodiment of the application;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an application scenario according to the present application;

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a processing arrangement for use in a first node according to an embodiment of the application;

fig. 8 shows a block diagram of a processing arrangement for use in a second node according to an embodiment of the application.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Example 1

Embodiment 1 illustrates a flow chart of a first node transmission according to an embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, each block represents a step. In particular, the order of steps in the blocks does not represent a particular chronological relationship between the individual steps.

The first node receives in step 101 a first signaling initiating a random access procedure and sends in step 102 a first signal.

In embodiment 1, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling comprises the first signal, whether the first signaling comprises a domain dependency indicating a transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value.

As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises DCI.

As an embodiment, the physical layer channel occupied by the first signaling includes a PDCCH.

As an embodiment, the first signaling is a PDCCH Order.

As an embodiment, the first signaling initiates (initial) a random access procedure.

As an embodiment, the CRC (Cyclic redundancy check ) included in the first signaling is scrambled by a C (Cell ) -RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifier, radio network temporary identity).

As an embodiment, the first signaling includes FDRA (Frequency domain resource assignment, frequency domain resource allocation) domains that are all 1.

As an embodiment, the first signal comprises PRACH.

As an embodiment, the first signal includes a Preamble.

As an embodiment, the first signal comprises Msg1.

As an embodiment, the first signal comprises MsgA.

As an embodiment, the transmission of the first signal is a response to the reception of the first signaling.

As an embodiment the first path loss offset value is configured, the first signaling comprises a field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal, or the first path loss offset value is not configured, the first signaling does not comprise a field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal.

As an embodiment, the meaning that the first path loss offset value is configured includes that the first path loss offset value is configured by the first node.

As an embodiment, the first loss offset value is configured to mean that the first loss offset value is indicated to the first node.

As an embodiment, the meaning that the first path loss offset value is configured includes that the first path loss offset value is configured by the second node in the present application.

As an embodiment, the meaning that the first path loss offset value is configured includes that the first path loss offset value is indicated by the second node.

As one embodiment, SSB refers to Synchronization Signal Block, synchronization signal block.

As an embodiment, SSB refers to SS (Synchronization Signal)/PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) block, synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel block.

Typically, the reception opportunities of the PBCH, PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal ) and SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal, secondary synchronization signal) are in consecutive symbols and form an SS/PBCH block.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is associated to an SSB.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is configured to an SSB.

For one embodiment, the first way loss offset value is associated with an SSB Index.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is configured to an SSB Index.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is associated to a CSI-RS (CHANNEL STATE Information-REFERENCE SIGNAL, channel state Information reference signal).

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is configured to CSI-RS.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is associated to one CSI-RS resource.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is configured to one CSI-RS resource.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is associated to one NZP-CSI-RS-Resource.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is configured to an NZP-CSI-RS-Resource.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is associated to one NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is configured to one NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId.

As an embodiment, the first way loss offset value is associated to a TCI (Transmission configuration indicator, transmission configuration indication) state.

As an embodiment, the first way loss offset value is configured to a TCI state.

As a sub-embodiment of the two embodiments, the TCI state is an upstream TCI state.

As a sub-embodiment of the two embodiments, the TCI state is a downstream TCI state.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is associated to a quasi co-Info.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is assigned to a quasi co-Info.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is in dB.

As an embodiment, the DCI Format corresponding to the first signaling is DCI Format 1_0.

Example 2

Embodiment 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a network architecture according to one embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 2 illustrates a network architecture 200. The network architecture 200 is a network architecture of LTE (Long-Term Evolution), LTE-a (Long-Term Evolution Advanced, enhanced Long-Term Evolution), 5G system, 5G-Advanced and future 6G systems. The network architecture of LTE, LTE-a,5G systems, 5G-Advanced and future 6G systems is called EPS (Evolved PACKET SYSTEM ). The 5GNR or LTE network architecture may be referred to as 5GS (5G System)/EPS or some other suitable terminology, and the 6G network architecture may be referred to as 6GS (6G System)/EPS or some other suitable terminology. the network architecture 200 may include one or more UEs 201, rans (Next Generation Radio Access Network, next generation radio access networks) 202, a core network 210, hss (Home Subscriber Server )/UDM (Unified DATA MANAGEMENT), 220, and internet services 230.. The network architecture 200 may interconnect with other access networks, but these entities/interfaces are not shown for simplicity. As shown in fig. 2, network architecture 200 provides packet-switched services, however, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be extended to networks providing circuit-switched services. RAN 202 includes node B203 and other nodes 204. Node 203 provides user and control plane protocol termination towards UE 201. Node 203 may be connected to other nodes 204 via an Xn interface (e.g., backhaul). Node 203 may also be referred to as a base station, a base transceiver station, a wireless base station, a wireless transceiver, a transceiver function, a Basic service set (Basic SERVICE SET, BSS), an Extended service set (Extended SERVICE SET, ESS), a TRP (TRANSMITTER RECEIVER Point), or some other suitable terminology. The node 203 provides the UE 201 with access point to the core network 210, the core network 210 is a 5GC (5G Core Network)/EPC (Evolved Packet Core, evolved packet core), or the core network 210 is a 6GC. Examples of UEs 201 include a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (Session Initiation Protocol, SIP) phone, a laptop, a Personal digital assistant (Personal DIGITAL ASSISTANT, PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, an drone, an aircraft, a narrowband physical network device, a machine-type communication device, a land vehicle, an automobile, a wearable device, or any other similar functional device. Those of skill in the art may also refer to the UE 201 as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. Node 203 is connected to core network 210 through an S1/NG interface. The core Network 210 includes MME (Mobility MANAGEMENT ENTITY )/AMF (Authentication ManagementField, authentication management domain)/SMF (Session Management Function ) 211, other MME/AMF/SMF 214, S-GW (SERVICE GATEWAY, serving Gateway)/UPF (User Plane Function ) 212, and P-GW (PACKET DATE Network Gateway)/UPF 213. the MME/AMF/SMF 211 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 201 and the 5G-CN/EPC 210. The MME/AMF/SMF 211 generally provides bearer and connection management. All user IP (Internet Protocol ) packets are transported through the S-GW/UPF 212, which S-GW/UPF 212 itself is connected to the P-GW/UPF 213. The P-GW provides UE IP address assignment as well as other functions. The P-GW/UPF 213 is connected to the internet service 230. Internet services 230 include operator-corresponding internet protocol services, which may include, in particular, internet, intranet, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem ) and packet-switched (PACKET SWITCHING) services.

As an embodiment, the first node in the present application includes the UE 201.

As an embodiment, the second node in the present application includes the node 203.

As an embodiment, the node 203 is a macro Cell (Marco Cell) base station.

As an embodiment, the node 203 is a Micro Cell (Micro Cell) base station.

As an embodiment, the node 203 is a Pico Cell (Pico Cell) base station.

As an example, the node 203 is a home base station (Femtocell).

As an embodiment, the node 203 is a base station device supporting a large delay difference.

As an embodiment, the node 203 is a flying platform device.

As an embodiment, the node 203 is a satellite device.

As an example, the node 203 is a test device (e.g. a transceiver device simulating the functionality of a base station part, a signaling tester).

As an embodiment, the UE 201 includes a mobile phone.

As one example, the UE 201 is a vehicle including an automobile.

As an embodiment, the radio link from the UE 201 to the node 203 is an uplink, which is used for performing uplink transmission.

As an embodiment, the radio link from the node 203 to the UE 201 is a downlink, which is used for performing downlink transmission.

As an embodiment, the wireless link between the node 203 and the UE 201 comprises a cellular network link.

As an embodiment, the node 203 and the UE 201 are connected through a Uu air interface.

As an embodiment, the sender of the first signaling comprises the node 203.

As an embodiment, the receiver of the first signaling comprises the UE 201.

As an embodiment, the receiver of the first signal comprises the node 203.

As an embodiment, the sender of the first signal comprises the UE 201.

As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports UL/DL ASYMMETRIC.

As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports multi-panel/TRP transmission based on multiple TAs.

As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports configuration of two CORESET Pool.

As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports a 5G system.

As an embodiment, the node 203 supports a 5G system.

As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports at least a 6G system.

As an embodiment, the node 203 supports at least a 6G system.

Example 3

Embodiment 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture for a user plane and a control plane according to one embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture for the user plane 350 and the control plane 300, fig. 3 shows, in three layers, a radio protocol architecture for the control plane 300 for a first communication node device (RSU (Road Side Unit) in UE or V2X (Vehicle to Everything, internet of vehicles), an in-vehicle device or in-vehicle communication module) and a second node device (gNB, RSU in UE or V2X, in-vehicle device or in-vehicle communication module), or between two UEs, layer 1 (Layer 1, l 1), Layer 2 (Layer 2, L2) and Layer 3 (Layer 3, L3). L1 is the lowest layer and implements various PHY (PHYSICAL LAYER ) signal processing functions. L1 will be referred to herein as PHY 301. L2 305 is above PHY 301 and is responsible for the link between the first node device and the second node device, or between two UEs, through PHY 301. L2 305 includes a MAC (Medium Access Control ) sublayer 302, an RLC (Radio Link Control, radio link layer control protocol) sublayer 303, and a PDCP (PACKET DATA Convergence Protocol ) sublayer 304, which terminate at the second node device. The PDCP sublayer 304 provides multiplexing between different radio bearers and logical channels. The PDCP sublayer 304 also provides security by ciphering the data packets and handover support for the first communication node device between second communication node devices. The RLC sublayer 303 provides segmentation and reassembly of upper layer data packets, retransmission of lost data packets, and reordering of data packets to compensate for out-of-order reception due to HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ). The MAC sublayer 302 provides multiplexing between logical and transport channels. The MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for allocating the various radio resources (e.g., resource blocks) in one cell among the first communication node devices. The MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for HARQ operations. The RRC (Radio Resource Control ) sublayer 306 in L3 in the control plane 300 is responsible for obtaining radio resources (i.e., radio bearers) and configuring the lower layers using RRC signaling between the second communication node device and the first communication node device. The radio protocol architecture of the user plane 350 includes layer 1 (L1) and layer 2 (L2), and the radio protocol architecture in the user plane 350 for the first communication node device and the second communication node device is substantially the same for the PDCP sublayer 354 in the physical layer 351, L2 355, the RLC sublayer 353 in the L2 355, and the MAC sublayer 352 in the L2 355 as the corresponding layers and sublayers in the control plane 300, but the PDCP sublayer 354 also provides header compression for the upper layer packets to reduce radio transmission overhead. Also included in L2 355 in the user plane 350 is an SDAP (SERVICE DATA Adaptation Protocol ) sublayer 356, the SDAP sublayer 356 being responsible for mapping between QoS (Quality of Service ) flows and data radio bearers (Data Radio Bearer, DRBs) to support diversity of traffic. Although not shown, the first communication node apparatus may have several upper layers above L2 355, including a network layer (e.g., IP (Internet Protocol, internet protocol) layer) that terminates at the P-GW on the network side and an application layer that terminates at the other end of the connection (e.g., remote UE, server, etc.).

As an embodiment, the radio protocol architecture in fig. 3 is applicable to the first node in the present application.

As an embodiment, the radio protocol architecture in fig. 3 is applicable to the second node in the present application.

As an embodiment, the first signaling is generated in the PHY 301 or the PHY 351.

As an embodiment, the first signaling is generated at the MAC 302 or the MAC 352.

As an embodiment, the first signaling is generated in the RRC 306.

As an embodiment, the first signal is generated in the PHY 301 or the PHY 351.

As an embodiment, the first signal is generated at the MAC 302 or the MAC 352.

Example 4

Embodiment 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first communication device and a second communication device according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a first communication device 410 and a second communication device 450 in communication with each other in an access network.

The first communication device 410 includes a controller/processor 475, a memory 476, a receive processor 470, a transmit processor 416, a multi-antenna receive processor 472, a multi-antenna transmit processor 471, a transmitter/receiver 418, and an antenna 420.

The second communication device 450 includes a controller/processor 459, a memory 460, a data source 467, a transmit processor 468, a receive processor 456, a multi-antenna transmit processor 457, a multi-antenna receive processor 458, a transmitter/receiver 454, and an antenna 452.

In the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450, upper layer data packets from the core network are provided to a controller/processor 475 at the first communication device 410. Controller/processor 475 implements the functionality of L2. In DL, the controller/processor 475 provides header compression, encryption, packet segmentation and reordering, multiplexing between logical and transport channels, and radio resource allocations to the second communication device 450 based on various priority metrics. The controller/processor 475 is also responsible for HARQ operations, retransmission of lost packets, and signaling to the second communication device 450. The transmit processor 416 and the multi-antenna transmit processor 471 implement various signal processing functions for L1 (i.e., physical layer). The transmit processor 416 performs coding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (Forward Error Correction, FEC) at the second communication device 450, as well as mapping of signal clusters based on various modulation schemes, e.g., binary phase shift keying (Binary PHASE SHIFT KEYING, BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (Quadrature PHASE SHIFT KEYING, QPSK), M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-ary Quadrature amplitude modulation (M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, M-QAM). The multi-antenna transmit processor 471 digitally space-precodes the coded and modulated symbols, including codebook-based precoding and non-codebook-based precoding and beamforming processing, to generate one or more parallel streams. Transmit processor 416 then maps each parallel stream to a subcarrier, multiplexes the modulated symbols with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then uses an inverse fast fourier transform (INVERSE FAST Fourier Transform, IFFT) to produce a physical channel that carries the time-domain multicarrier symbol stream. The multi-antenna transmit processor 471 then performs transmit analog precoding/beamforming operations on the time domain multi-carrier symbol stream. Each transmitter 418 converts the baseband multicarrier symbol stream provided by the multiple antenna transmit processor 471 to a radio frequency stream and then provides it to a different antenna 420.

In a transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450, each receiver 454 receives a signal at the second communication device 450 through its respective antenna 452. Each receiver 454 recovers information modulated onto a radio frequency carrier and converts the radio frequency stream into a baseband multicarrier symbol stream that is provided to a receive processor 456. The receive processor 456 and the multi-antenna receive processor 458 perform various signal processing functions for L1. A multi-antenna receive processor 458 performs receive analog precoding/beamforming operations on the baseband multi-carrier symbol stream from the receiver 454. The receive processor 456 converts the baseband multicarrier symbol stream after receiving the analog precoding/beamforming operation from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast fourier transform (Fast Fourier Transform, FFT). In the frequency domain, the physical layer data signal and the reference signal are demultiplexed by the receive processor 456, wherein the reference signal is to be used for channel estimation, and the data signal is subjected to multi-antenna detection in the multi-antenna receive processor 458 to recover any parallel streams destined for the second communication device 450. The symbols on each parallel stream are demodulated and recovered in a receive processor 456 and soft decisions are generated. The receive processor 456 then decodes and deinterleaves the soft decisions to recover the upper layer data and control signals that were transmitted by the first communication device 410 on the physical channel. The upper layer data and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor 459. The controller/processor 459 implements the function of L2. The controller/processor 459 may be associated with a memory 460 that stores program codes and data. Memory 460 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In DL, the controller/processor 459 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover upper layer data packets from the core network. The upper layer data packet is then provided to all protocol layers above L2. Various control signals may also be provided to L3 for L3 processing. The controller/processor 459 is also responsible for error detection using acknowledgement (ACKnowledgement, ACK) and/or Negative acknowledgement (Negative ACKnowledgement, NACK) protocols to support HARQ operations.

In the transmission from the second communication device 450 to the first communication device 410, a data source 467 is used at the second communication device 450 to provide upper layer data packets to a controller/processor 459. Data source 467 represents all protocol layers above L2. Similar to the transmit function at the first communication device 410 described in DL, the controller/processor 459 implements header compression, encryption, packet segmentation and reordering, and multiplexing between logical and transport channels based on radio resource allocations of the first communication device 410, implementing L2 functions for the user and control planes. The controller/processor 459 is also responsible for HARQ operations, retransmission of lost packets, and signaling to the first communication device 410. The transmit processor 468 performs modulation mapping, channel coding, and digital multi-antenna spatial precoding, including codebook-based precoding and non-codebook-based precoding, and beamforming, with the multi-antenna transmit processor 457 then modulating the resulting parallel streams into multi-carrier/single-carrier symbol streams, which are analog precoded/beamformed in the multi-antenna transmit processor 457 before being provided to the different antennas 452 via the transmitter 454. Each transmitter 454 first converts the baseband symbol stream provided by the multi-antenna transmit processor 457 into a radio frequency symbol stream and provides it to an antenna 452.

In the transmission from the second communication device 450 to the first communication device 410, the function at the first communication device 410 is similar to the receiving function at the second communication device 450 described in the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450. Each receiver 418 receives radio frequency signals through its corresponding antenna 420, converts the received radio frequency signals to baseband signals, and provides the baseband signals to a multi-antenna receive processor 472 and a receive processor 470. The receive processor 470 and the multi-antenna receive processor 472 collectively implement the functionality of L1. Controller/processor 475 implements L2 functions. The controller/processor 475 may be associated with a memory 476 that stores program codes and data. Memory 476 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. The controller/processor 475 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover upper layer data packets from the second communication device 450. Upper layer packets from the controller/processor 475 may be provided to the core network. The controller/processor 475 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

The second communication device 450, as one embodiment, includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to be used with the at least one processor. The second communication device 450 apparatus receives at least a first signaling, the first signaling initiates a random access procedure, sends a first signal, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling includes the first signal, and whether the first signaling includes a domain dependency indicating a transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value.

As one embodiment, the second communication device 450 includes a memory storing a program of computer readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, generates actions including receiving first signaling that initiates a random access procedure, transmitting a first signal, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling including the first signal, and whether the first signaling includes a domain dependency indicating a transmit power value of the first signal is configured with a first loss offset value.

The first communication device 410, as one embodiment, includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to be used with the at least one processor. The first communication device 410 means sends at least a first signaling initiating a random access procedure, receives a first signal, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling comprising the first signal, whether the first signaling comprises a domain dependent value indicating a transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value.

As one embodiment, the first communication device 410 includes a memory storing a program of computer readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause actions including transmitting first signaling that initiates a random access procedure, receiving a first signal, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling including the first signal, and whether the first signaling includes a domain dependency indicating a transmit power value of the first signal is configured with a first loss offset value.

As an embodiment, the first node in the present application includes the second communication device 450.

As an embodiment, the second node in the present application includes the first communication device 410.

As an embodiment at least one of the antenna 420, the transmitter 418, the transmit processor 416, the multi-antenna transmit processor 471, the controller/processor 475, the memory 476 is used for transmitting first signaling, and at least one of the antenna 452, the receiver 454, the receive processor 456, the multi-antenna receive processor 458, the controller/processor 459, the memory 460, the data source 467 is used for receiving first signaling.

As an embodiment at least one of the antenna 452, the transmitter 454, the transmit processor 468, the multi-antenna transmit processor 457, the controller/processor 459, the memory 460, the data source 467 is used for transmitting a first signal, and at least one of the antenna 420, the receiver 418, the receive processor 470, the multi-antenna receive processor 472, the controller/processor 475, the memory 476 is used for receiving a first signal.

Example 5

Embodiment 5 illustrates a first flow chart of transmissions between a first node and a second node according to one embodiment of the application. In fig. 5, the first node U1 and the second node N2 communicate via a wireless link. It is specifically noted that the order in the present embodiment is not limited to the order of signal transmission and the order of implementation in the present application.

For the first node U1, receiving a first signaling in step S510;

For the second node N2, the first signaling is sent in step S520 and the first signal is received in step S521.

In embodiment 5, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling comprises the first signal, and whether the first signaling comprises a domain dependency indicating a transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value.

As an embodiment, the first node U1 is the first node in the present application.

As an embodiment, the second node N2 is the second node in the present application.

Typically, the first signaling includes the field indicating the transmit power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is configured, and the first signaling does not include the field indicating the transmit power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is not configured.

As an embodiment, the field included in the first signaling indicating the transmission power value of the first signal occupies 1 bit.

As an embodiment the meaning that the first signaling does not comprise the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal comprises that the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal is set to a fixed value.

As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the fixed value is 0.

As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the fixed value is 1.

As an embodiment the meaning of the first signaling not comprising the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal comprises that the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal is set to a reserved bit.

As an embodiment the meaning of the first signaling not comprising the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal comprises that the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal is set to a padding bit.

Typically, the first path loss offset value is configured, the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field included in the first signaling indicates whether the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset.

As an embodiment, the first field included in the first signaling includes 1 bit.

As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the value indicated by the first field included in the first signaling is "1", the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset, the value indicated by the first field included in the first signaling is "0", and the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first path loss offset.

As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the value indicated by the first field included in the first signaling is "0", the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset, the value indicated by the first field included in the first signaling is "1", and the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first path loss offset.

As an embodiment, the first domain included in the first signaling is a boost.

As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the value indicated by the first field included in the first signaling is "TRUE", the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset, the value indicated by the first field included in the first signaling is "FALSE", and the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first path loss offset.

Typically, the first signal is associated to a downstream signal, the transmission power value of the first signal is equal to the smaller of a first maximum power value and a first power value, when the first field included in the first signal indicates that the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset, the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target path loss value, the target path loss value includes the path loss obtained for the downstream signal and the first path loss offset, and when the first field included in the first signal indicates that the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first path loss offset, the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target path loss value, the target path loss value is equal to the path loss obtained for the downstream signal.

As an embodiment, the downlink signal includes CSI-RS.

As an embodiment, the downlink signal occupies CSI-RS resources.

As an embodiment, the downlink signal occupies NZP-CSI-RS resources.

As an embodiment, the downlink signal corresponds to an NZP-CSI-RS resource identifier.

As an embodiment, the downstream signal comprises SSB.

As an embodiment, the downstream signal corresponds to SSB Index.

As an embodiment, the downlink signal includes a downlink reference signal quasi co-located with the DMRS carried by the first signaling.

As an embodiment the meaning that the first signal is associated to a downstream signal comprises that the first signal and the downstream signal are quasi co-located.

As an embodiment, the meaning that the first signal is associated with a downstream signal includes referenceSignalPower of the downstream signal corresponding to the first signal.

As an embodiment, the first maximum power value is a maximum output power configured by the first node.

As an embodiment, the first maximum power value is for carrier f of serving cell c.

As an embodiment, the first maximum power value is for transmission opportunity i.

As an embodiment, the first maximum power value is P _CMAX,f,c (i).

As an embodiment, the target power value is a target reception power value of the first signal.

As one embodiment, the target power value is P _{PRACH,target,f,c}.

As an embodiment, the path loss obtained for the downlink signal is PL _b,f,c.

As an embodiment, the path loss obtained for the downstream signal is obtained by subtracting, by the first node, a transmission power value of the downstream signal by RSRP of the downstream signal subjected to higher layer filtering (HIGHER LAYER FILTERED).

As an embodiment, the meaning that the target path loss value includes the path loss obtained for the downlink signal and the first path loss offset includes that the target path loss value is equal to a sum of the path loss obtained for the downlink signal and the first path loss offset.

As an embodiment, the meaning that the target path loss value includes the path loss obtained for the downlink signal and the first path loss offset includes that the target path loss value is equal to a difference between the path loss obtained for the downlink signal and the first path loss offset.

As an embodiment, the meaning that the target path loss value includes the path loss obtained for the downlink signal and the first path loss offset includes that the target path loss value is equal to a product of the path loss obtained for the downlink signal and the first path loss offset.

Typically, the bits occupied by the first domain included in the first signaling belong to reserved bits.

As an embodiment, the Reserved bits are Reserved bits.

Typically, the first field included in the first signaling includes only 1 bit, the first field indicating whether the first loss offset is enabled, the transmit power value of the first signal being dependent on the first loss offset when the first loss offset is enabled, the transmit power value of the first signal being independent of the first loss offset when the first loss offset is not enabled.

Typically, the first path loss offset is associated with a first TCI state, the first TCI state being associated with at least one SRS resource, the first signal and the SRS resource being quasi co-sited.

As one embodiment, the first TCI state is configured with the first way loss offset.

As an embodiment, the first TCI state is associated to a set of SRS resources including the SRS resources.

As an embodiment, the first TCI state is associated to two SRS resources, the first signal and one of the two SRS resources being quasi co-located.

As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, only one of the two SRS resources is associated with the first path loss offset.

As an embodiment, the first TCI state is an upstream TCI state.

As one embodiment, the first TCI State is a TCI-UL-State.

As an embodiment, the first TCI state is associated to two TAGs (TIMING ADVANCE groups of timing advance groups).

As an embodiment, the first TCI state is associated to two SRS resources, which are associated to two TAGs, respectively.

Example 6

Embodiment 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an application scenario according to the present application, as shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, a base station can perform downlink transmission and uplink reception, and U-TRP linked with the base station through a backhaul link (backhaul) can also perform uplink reception, so that uplink coverage of a cell edge position can be improved, and terminal power consumption can be reduced, while a second UL link for the base station and a first UL link for the UL-TRP correspond to different uplink timings, respectively.

As one embodiment, the first loss offset value is configured and the first loss offset value is for the first UL link.

As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first signal is a PRACH for the first UL link.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is not configured and the first signal is a PRACH for the second UL link.

As an embodiment, the base station is the second node in the applied for.

As one embodiment, the base station and the UL-TRP pass through the second node constituting the present application.

As an embodiment, the base station and the UL-TRP are connected by a Backhaul link.

As one embodiment, the base station and the UL-TRP are connected by a wire.

As an embodiment, the transmission delay between the base station and the UL-TRP through the wire is negligible.

Example 7

Embodiment 7 illustrates a block diagram of a processing apparatus for use in a first node according to one embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 7. In fig. 7, the processing means 700 in the first node comprises a first receiver 701 and a first transmitter 702.

In embodiment 7, the first receiver 701 receives a first signaling, the first signaling initiates a random access procedure, and the first transmitter 702 transmits a first signal.

In embodiment 7, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling comprises the first signal, and whether the first signaling comprises a domain dependency indicating a transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value.

As an embodiment, the first signaling comprises the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is configured, and the first signaling does not comprise the field indicating the transmission power value of the first signal when the first path loss offset value is not configured.

As an embodiment, the first path loss offset value is configured, the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field included in the first signaling indicates whether the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset.

As one embodiment, the first signal is associated to a downstream signal, the transmission power value of the first signal is equal to the smaller of a first maximum power value and a first power value, when the first field included in the first signal indicates that the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first loss offset, the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target loss value, the target loss value includes the loss obtained for the downstream signal and the first loss offset, and when the first field included in the first signal indicates that the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first loss offset, the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target loss value, the target loss value is equal to the loss obtained for the downstream signal.

As an embodiment, the bits occupied by the first domain included in the first signaling belong to reserved bits.

As one embodiment, the first field included in the first signaling includes only 1 bit, the first field indicating whether the first loss offset is enabled, the transmit power value of the first signal being dependent on the first loss offset when the first loss offset is enabled, the transmit power value of the first signal being independent of the first loss offset when the first loss offset is not enabled.

As one embodiment, the first path loss offset is associated with a first TCI state, the first TCI state being associated with at least one SRS resource, the first signal and the SRS resource being quasi co-sited.

As an embodiment, the first node is a user equipment.

As an embodiment, the first node is a relay node device.

As an example, the first receiver 701 includes at least one of { the antenna 452, the receiver 454, the reception processor 456, the multi-antenna reception processor 458, the controller/processor 459, the memory 460, the data source 467} in example 4.

As an example, the first transmitter 702 includes at least one of { the antenna 452, the transmitter 454, the transmission processor 468, the multi-antenna transmission processor 457, the controller/processor 459, the memory 460, the data source 467} in example 4.

Example 8

Embodiment 8 illustrates a block diagram of a processing arrangement for use in a second node according to an embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 8. In fig. 8, the processing means 800 in the second node comprises a second transmitter 801 and a second receiver 802.

In embodiment 8, the second transmitter 801 transmits a first signaling initiating a random access procedure, and the second receiver 802 receives the first signal.

In embodiment 8, the random access procedure initiated by the first signaling comprises the first signal, and whether the first signaling comprises a domain dependency indicating a transmission power value of the first signal is configured with a first path loss offset value.

As an embodiment, the second node is a base station device.

As an embodiment, the second node is a user equipment.

As an embodiment, the second node is a relay node device.

As an example, the second transmitter 801 includes at least one of { the antenna 420, the transmitter 418, the transmission processor 416, the multi-antenna transmission processor 471, the controller/processor 475, the memory 476} in example 4.

As an example, the second receiver 802 includes at least one of { the antenna 420, the receiver 418, the receive processor 470, the multi-antenna receive processor 472, the controller/processor 475, the memory 476} in example 4.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps of the above-described methods may be implemented by a program that instructs associated hardware, and the program may be stored on a computer readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a hard disk or an optical disk. Alternatively, all or part of the steps of the above embodiments may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. Accordingly, each module unit in the above embodiment may be implemented in a hardware form or may be implemented in a software functional module form, and the present application is not limited to any specific combination of software and hardware. The user equipment, the terminal and the UE in the present application include, but are not limited to, unmanned aerial vehicles, communication modules on unmanned aerial vehicles, remote control airplanes, aircrafts, mini-planes, mobile phones, tablet computers, notebooks, vehicle-mounted Communication devices, vehicles, RSUs, wireless sensors, network cards, internet of things terminals, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, radio frequency identification technology) terminals, NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things ) terminals, MTC (MACHINE TYPE Communication, machine type Communication) terminals, eMTC (ENHANCED MTC ) terminals, data cards, network cards, vehicle-mounted Communication devices, low cost mobile phones, low cost tablet computers, and other wireless Communication devices. The base station or system equipment in the present application includes, but is not limited to, macro cell base station, micro cell base station, small cell base station, home base station, relay base station, eNB (evolved Node B, evolved radio base station), gNB, TRP, GNSS (Global Navigation SATELLITE SYSTEM ), relay satellite, satellite base station, air base station, RSU, unmanned aerial vehicle, test equipment, wireless communication equipment such as transceiver device or signaling tester simulating the functions of the base station part.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the presently disclosed embodiments are considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A first node for wireless communication reference signal transmission, comprising:

a first transmitter that transmits a first signal;

2. The first node of claim 1, wherein the first signaling includes the field indicating the transmit power value of the first signal when the first loss offset value is configured, and wherein the first signaling does not include the field indicating the transmit power value of the first signal when the first loss offset value is not configured.

3. The first node of claim 2, wherein the first path loss offset value is configured, wherein the first signaling includes a first field, and wherein the first field included in the first signaling indicates whether the transmit power value of the first signal is dependent on the first path loss offset.

4. The first node of claim 3, wherein the first signal is associated with a downstream signal, wherein the transmit power value of the first signal is equal to the smaller of a first maximum power value and a first power value, wherein the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target path loss value when the first field included in the first signal indicates that the transmit power value of the first signal depends on the first path loss offset, wherein the target path loss value includes the path loss obtained for the downstream signal and the first path loss offset, and wherein the first power value is equal to the sum of a target power value and a target path loss value when the first field included in the first signal indicates that the transmit power value of the first signal does not depend on the first path loss offset, and wherein the target path loss value is equal to the path loss obtained for the downstream signal.

5. The first node according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the bits occupied by the first domain comprised by the first signaling belong to reserved bits.

6. The first node according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the first field comprised by the first signaling comprises only 1 bit, the first field indicating whether the first loss offset is enabled or not, that the transmission power value of the first signal depends on the first loss offset when the first loss offset is enabled, and that the transmission power value of the first signal does not depend on the first loss offset when the first loss offset is not enabled.

7. The first node of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first path loss offset is associated to a first TCI state, the first TCI state being associated to at least one SRS resource, the first signal and the SRS resource being quasi co-sited.

8. A second node for wireless communication reference signal transmission, comprising:

a second receiver that receives the first signal;

9. A method in a first node for wireless communication reference signal transmission, comprising:

transmitting a first signal;

10. A method in a second node for wireless communication reference signal transmission, comprising:

Receiving a first signal;