CN119803839A - Novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and testing method - Google Patents
Novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and a testing method, wherein a steering engine driving clamp is adopted for drop hammer assembly, electromagnetic interference is avoided, friction of a motor shaft is avoided, repeatability and accuracy of an experiment result are improved, a supporting arc plate for clamping a head model and a bottom plate are fastened through tooth meshing in two directions, so that the fastening effect is extremely high, drop hammer impact is not easy to move, the fastening mode is simple and easy to operate, quick repeated testing is facilitated, a movable mounting structure between a hammer head and an impact plate is arranged, the position of the hammer head can be adjusted in an all-around mode, position deviation caused by tooth meshing is convenient to adjust, and gel ice and snow plates are arranged around the head model, so that the actual temperature on the head model is controlled, and the impact effect at low temperature can be simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of impact tests, and particularly relates to a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and a testing method.
Background
The human brain is the most important component of the human body, and the protection of the human brain is important in daily life. Various protective measures have been taken to prevent sudden external impacts. For example, helmets are worn during driving, helmets are worn during construction, and the like. All of these protective measures are to resist impacts in an indefinite direction, such as high altitude weight, fall collisions, etc., which may come from all directions.
In order to better understand the condition of the head when it is subjected to various impact forces, it is important to develop a device that is able to simulate the sudden impact that the head may be subjected to. At present, although some drop weight measuring devices exist, there are few devices that can be used to simulate head impact, and these devices have a number of drawbacks in practical operation.
The existing drop hammer measuring device generally needs to manually install a drop hammer and manually adjust the height of the drop hammer. For example patent CN118730765A. This approach has the problem in practice that manual installation can be very cumbersome when the drop weight is heavy. If the drop hammer is to be adjusted to a higher level, manual adjustment can become cumbersome and dangerous, and the operator needs to use a ladder or other auxiliary tool to reach the higher level for adjustment. On the other hand, the accuracy of manual adjustment is also difficult to ensure, and the accuracy of experimental results may be affected.
The hammer is released by the other equipment in an electromagnetic on-off way, namely, the hammer is attracted to the electromagnet, and the drop hammer is released by the power-off and the loss of magnetism of the electromagnet. For example patent CN118362384a. This release method can cause the electromagnet to produce a significant amount of electromagnetic interference with the hammer head and surrounding sensors. In the drop hammer impact measurement process, the sensor is core hardware, and the accuracy of the sensor has a great influence on a measurement result. Electromagnetic interference can lead to inaccurate measurement data from the sensor, thereby affecting the assessment of the impact condition of the head.
Other devices are released by powering down the motor, such as in patent CN221765160a. There are also problems with this approach in that the motor is de-energized by rotation of the motor shaft and is released with some resistance, thereby creating no free fall effect. The friction of the motor shaft can influence the falling speed, so that the experimental result has deviation from the actual situation. This release also shortens the life of the motor. Frequent motor outage release can cause wearing and tearing to the motor, reduces the life of motor, increases the maintenance cost of equipment.
At present, almost all impact tables of drop hammer impact devices for fixing impacted samples are used for clamping two sides of the samples by using clamping plates for fixing the samples. This type of fixation has the limitation that only a single angle of impact can be achieved. This fixation is not suitable for measuring the impact of the dummy head at different angles.
In view of the above problems, studies have been made on a drop hammer impact test device, and it is desired to design a new drop hammer impact test device and method capable of solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the testing method are designed, the device adopts a steering engine to drive a clamp to assemble drop hammers, electromagnetic interference is avoided, friction of a motor shaft is avoided, repeatability and accuracy of experimental results are improved, a supporting arc plate for clamping a head model is fastened with a bottom plate through tooth meshing in two directions, so that the fastening effect is extremely high, the drop hammer impact is not easy to move, the fastening mode is simple and easy to operate, the quick repeated testing is convenient, a movable mounting structure between a hammer head and the impact plate is arranged, the position of the hammer head can be finely adjusted in all directions, so that position deviation caused by tooth meshing is convenient to adjust, in addition, gel ice and snow plates are arranged around the head model, so that actual temperature on the head model is controlled, and impact effect at low temperature can be simulated, and the invention is completed.
In particular, the invention aims to provide a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device which comprises a lifting table positioned above and an impact table positioned below;
The lifting table comprises a lifting plate capable of moving up and down, a hammer capable of freely falling is arranged on the lifting plate, and the falling initial height of the hammer can be adjusted;
The impact table comprises a supporting arc plate, wherein the supporting arc plate can move in the horizontal direction, a notch is formed in the supporting arc plate along the circumferential direction of the supporting arc plate, a connecting rod mechanism is installed on the notch, a head model is arranged at the end part of the connecting rod mechanism, and the angle of the head model is adjusted by controlling the connecting rod mechanism to rotate along the notch and the connecting rod mechanism to rotate.
The lifting platform further comprises a lifting motor, a chain wheel is linked to a main shaft of the lifting motor, a chain connected with the lifting plate is arranged on the chain wheel, and the lifting motor controls the lifting plate to move up and down through the chain wheel and the chain;
Preferably, the lifting table further comprises a longitudinal guide rail, a guide sleeve sleeved on the outer side of the longitudinal guide rail is arranged on the lifting plate, and limiting is provided for the lifting plate to move up and down through cooperation of the longitudinal guide rail and the guide sleeve.
Wherein the lifting plate is provided with a clamp consisting of two clamping rods,
An impact plate is connected above the hammer head, an end head is arranged above the impact plate,
The clamp can clamp the end in an opening and closing mode, and when the clamp releases the end, the hammer head, the impact plate and the end are synchronously and freely lowered, and the hammer head impacts the head model.
The lifting plate is provided with a steering engine, a cam is connected to the steering engine, the cam is arranged between the two clamping rods, and the clamp is opened by driving the cam to rotate through the steering engine, so that the clamp releases the end.
The impact plate is connected with the hammer head through a piezoelectric dynamic force sensor, the hammer head can translate along an X axis in the horizontal direction relative to the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor, the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor can translate along a Y axis in the horizontal direction relative to the impact plate, and the X axis is perpendicular to the Y axis;
The height distance between the impact plate and the hammer head can be adjusted by rotating the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor.
A lower groove with a T-shaped cross section is formed in the top of the hammer head along the X-axis direction, the lower groove is narrow in upper part and wide in lower part, a T-shaped nut is arranged in the lower groove, and the T-shaped nut can slide in the lower groove along the X-axis direction;
An upper groove with a T-shaped cross section is formed in the bottom of the impact plate along the Y-axis direction, the upper groove is wide in the upper part and narrow in the lower part, a square nut is arranged in the upper groove, and the square nut can slide in the upper groove along the Y-axis direction;
An upper bolt is arranged above the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor, a lower bolt is arranged below the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor, the rotation direction of the upper bolt is opposite to that of the lower bolt, the upper bolt is screwed into the square nut, and the lower bolt is screwed into the T-shaped nut.
The impact table further comprises an X-axis tooth surface bottom plate positioned at the bottom, wherein racks which are densely distributed, have triangular sections and extend along the X-axis direction are arranged on the X-axis tooth surface bottom plate;
a Y-axis tooth surface bottom plate is arranged on the guide rail sliding block along the length direction of the guide rail sliding block, and racks which are densely arranged, have triangular sections and extend along the Y-axis direction are arranged on the Y-axis tooth surface bottom plate;
The guide rail sliding block is also provided with an embedded sliding block capable of sliding back and forth along the length direction of the guide rail sliding block, the supporting arc plate is arranged on the embedded sliding block, and the supporting arc plate is driven to move in the horizontal direction by sliding the guide rail sliding block and the embedded sliding block;
preferably, the embedded sliding block is further provided with a fixed rod capable of sliding back and forth in the vertical direction; the horizontal fixing rotary lock button which is in screwing fit with the embedded sliding block is arranged above the fixing rod, the Y-axis tooth trace embedded block and the X-axis tooth trace embedded block are arranged below the fixing rod, when the fixing rod is pressed downwards through the horizontal fixing rotary lock button, the Y-axis tooth trace embedded block is meshed with the Y-axis tooth surface bottom plate, and the X-axis tooth trace embedded block is meshed with the X-axis tooth surface bottom plate, so that the embedded sliding block and the supporting circular arc plate are locked in the horizontal direction.
The connecting rod mechanism comprises a fixing bolt, the head model is screwed and fixed at the end part of the fixing bolt, and an arc fixing rotary lock button, an arc plate inner slide and a fixing sleeve are arranged on the fixing bolt;
A cavity which is wholly arc-shaped and used for accommodating the inner slide block of the arc-shaped plate is formed in the supporting arc plate at two sides of the notch, a rack with a triangular section is formed on the arc-shaped top surface of the cavity, and the inner slide block of the arc-shaped plate can move in the cavity so as to adjust the angles of the connecting rod mechanism and the head model;
The connecting rod mechanism is fixedly locked on the supporting arc plate through the engagement of the inner sliding block of the arc plate and the arc top surface of the cavity.
The invention also provides a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact test method, which is realized by the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device.
Wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, controlling a steering engine to rotate 90 degrees to prop up a clamp, controlling a lifting plate to descend through a lifting motor to enable the clamp to clamp the end, and controlling the steering engine to rotate 90 degrees again to enable a clamping rod to clamp the end;
step 2, moving the supporting circular arc plate to a preset position by moving the guide rail slide block and the embedded slide block, controlling the fixing rod to move downwards by horizontally fixing the rotary lock button, and locking the embedded slide block and the supporting circular arc plate in the horizontal direction;
The head model is mounted on a fixing bolt and locked through a fixing sleeve, the inner sliding block of the circular arc plate slides to a preset position in the cavity, namely, after the mounting angle of the connecting rod mechanism is adjusted, the inner sliding block of the circular arc plate is tightened through the circular arc fixing knob, so that the inner sliding block of the circular arc plate is meshed with the arc top surface of the cavity, and the connecting rod mechanism is locked on the supporting circular arc plate;
Step 4, mounting a piezoelectric dynamic force sensor and a hammer head on the impact plate, and finely adjusting the position of the hammer head in the horizontal direction to eliminate errors caused by tooth meshing on the impact table;
step 5, embedding the gel ice and snow board into a groove of the baffle frame, and then installing the baffle frame into the support frame, so that the gel ice and snow board surrounds the head model;
And 6, controlling the steering engine to rotate to open the clamp, enabling the impact plate to freely fall along the falling steel wire, impacting the head model through the hammer head, and measuring through the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor and the optical displacement sensor to obtain data information.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method, the steering engine is used for driving the clamp to assemble the drop hammer, the structure of the clamp is simple, and the quick installation of the drop hammer can be realized only by controlling the steering engine to rotate;
(2) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method, the steering engine is matched with the clamp to release the hammer head, so that the interference of strong electromagnetic property of the electromagnet on the sensor is avoided;
(3) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method, the device adopts the motor to drive the chain wheel and the chain to lift, so that the lifting height is not limited, the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device is quite safe, the lifting height of the drop hammer can be controlled more accurately, and different experimental requirements are met;
(4) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method provided by the invention, the gel ice and snow plate is arranged around the supporting frame, the gel ice and snow plate is simple and quick to install and detach according to the requirement, the impact in a low-temperature state can be effectively simulated, the duration of the low temperature is long, long-time refrigeration preparation is not needed before the experiment, and the experiment efficiency can be greatly improved;
(5) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method, the sample fixing table of the device adopts the cooperation of the guide rail, the sliding groove and the sliding block, so that the head and the sample similar to the head model can be subjected to all-dimensional all-angle impact;
(6) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method provided by the invention, the impact table can fix four degrees of freedom of movement only by two times of screwing, the disassembly and the assembly are very convenient, the experimental efficiency can be improved by the design, and the operation time is reduced;
(7) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method provided by the invention, the four degrees of freedom movements of sliding, rotating and the like of the impact table are fixed by tooth meshing, so that the impact device is more stable than a friction mode, can bear larger impact force, and ensures the accuracy of experimental results;
(8) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method, the nut and the groove are arranged between the hammer head and the impact plate to be matched so as to eliminate tiny errors caused by tooth meshing and fixing, and the experimental precision is improved;
(9) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method, the impact resistance, the buffering effect and other safety performance indexes of the helmet can be evaluated by installing the helmet on the impact table and measuring the force displacement variation in the impact process in real time;
(10) According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the impact method provided by the invention, the materials most suitable for simulating the head of a human body can be screened out by measuring the stress strain parameters of different materials under drop hammer impact.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device in the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a lifting table of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bottom of an impact plate on a lifting table of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device;
FIG. 4 shows a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device of the present application lifting the blast head at the upper ram and piezoelectric dynamic force sensor;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of an impact table of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device;
FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of one side of the impact table of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device of the present application;
FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the other side of the impact table of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a supporting arc plate and a link mechanism on an impact table of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a link mechanism on an impact table of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device;
fig. 10 shows a schematic structural view of a baffle frame of the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device.
1-Lifting plate, 2-hammer head, 3-supporting circular arc plate, 4-notch, 5-link mechanism, 6-head model, 7-lifting motor, 8-sprocket, 9-chain, 10-longitudinal guide rail, 11-guide sleeve, 12-clamping rod, 13-impact plate, 14-end, 15-steering engine, 16-cam, 17-piezoelectricity dynamic force sensor, 18-lower groove, 19-T-shaped nut, 20-upper groove, 21-square nut, 22-upper bolt, 23-lower bolt, 24-through hole, 25-X axis tooth surface bottom plate, 26-horizontal guide rail, 27-guide rail slide block, 28-Y axis tooth surface bottom plate, 29-embedded slide block, 30-fixed rod, 31-horizontal fixed rotary lock button, 32-Y axis tooth trace insert, 33-X axis tooth trace insert, 34-fixed bolt, 35-circular arc fixed rotary lock button, 36-circular arc plate slide block, 37-fixed sleeve, 38-cavity, 39-baffle plate frame, 40-groove, 41-supporting frame, 42-mounting boss, 43-mounting groove, 44-optical mounting groove, 45-falling wire sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below by means of the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The present invention provides a novel pendulum impact device, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a lifting table located above and an impact table located below;
The lifting table comprises a lifting plate 1 capable of moving up and down, wherein a hammer head 2 capable of freely falling is arranged on the lifting plate 1, and the falling initial height of the hammer head 2 can be adjusted;
The impact table comprises a supporting arc plate 3, wherein the supporting arc plate 3 can move in the horizontal direction, a notch 4 is formed in the supporting arc plate 3 along the circumferential direction of the supporting arc plate, a connecting rod mechanism 5 is installed on the notch 4, a head model 6 is arranged at the end part of the connecting rod mechanism 5, and the angle of the head model 6 is adjusted by controlling the connecting rod mechanism 5 to rotate along the notch 4 and the connecting rod mechanism 5 to rotate.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the lifting platform further comprises a lifting motor 7, a chain wheel 8 is linked on a main shaft of the lifting motor 7, a chain 9 connected with the lifting plate 1 is arranged on the chain wheel 8, and the lifting motor 7 controls the lifting plate 1 to move up and down through the chain wheel 8 and the chain 9;
Preferably, the lifting platform further comprises a longitudinal guide rail 10, the lifting plate 1 is provided with a guide sleeve 11 sleeved outside the longitudinal guide rail 10, and limit is provided for the lifting plate 1 to move up and down through cooperation of the longitudinal guide rail 10 and the guide sleeve 11.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the lifting plate 1 is provided with a clamp consisting of two clamping bars 12,
An impact plate 13 is connected above the hammer head 2, a head 14 is arranged above the impact plate 13,
The clamp can clamp the end head 14 in an openable and closable manner, and when the clamp releases the end head 14, the hammer head 2, the impact plate 13 and the end head 14 are synchronously free to fall, and the hammer head 2 impacts the head model 6.
Preferably, a steering engine 15 is arranged on the lifting plate 1, a cam 16 is connected to the steering engine 15, the cam 16 is arranged between the two clamping rods 12, and the steering engine 15 drives the cam 16 to rotate to open the clamp, so that the clamp releases the end 14.
Preferably, a spring is provided inside the impact plate 13 at the outer side of the clamping rod 12, and the clamping rod 12 is pressed inward by the spring so that the clamping rod 12 is maintained in an inwardly contracted state, thereby clamping the tip 14.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the striker plate 13 and the striker head 2 are connected by a piezodynamic force sensor 17, the striker head 2 being translatable in a horizontal direction along an X-axis relative to the piezodynamic force sensor 17, and the piezodynamic force sensor 17 being translatable in a horizontal direction along a Y-axis relative to the striker plate 13. In the application, the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are both directions parallel to the horizontal plane, and the X-axis is perpendicular to the Y-axis.
The height distance between the striking plate 13 and the hammer head 2 can be adjusted by rotating the piezodynamic force sensor 17.
Preferably, a lower groove 18 with a T-shaped cross section is formed on the top of the hammer head 2 along the X-axis direction, the lower groove 18 is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, a T-shaped nut 19 is mounted in the lower groove 18, and the T-shaped nut 19 can slide in the lower groove 18 along the X-axis direction;
An upper groove 20 with a T-shaped cross section is formed in the bottom of the impact plate 13 along the Y-axis direction, the upper groove 20 is wide in the upper groove 20 and narrow in the lower direction, a square nut 21 is mounted in the upper groove 20, the square nut 21 can slide in the upper groove 20 along the Y-axis direction, and the hammer head 2 can be finely adjusted in the horizontal direction through the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor 17 and the corresponding horizontal moving mechanism so as to correct the position offset caused by the fact that the lower support arc plate is fixed through tooth engagement.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, an upper bolt 22 is arranged above the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor 17, a lower bolt 23 is arranged below the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor 17, the upper bolt 22 and the lower bolt 23 are opposite in rotation direction, the upper bolt 22 is screwed into the square nut 21, and the lower bolt 23 is screwed into the T-shaped nut 19. Based on such a design, the distance between the hammer head and the impact head model 6 can be fine-tuned by screwing the piezodynamic force sensor 17 in order to correct the height error due to tooth engagement.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, a through hole 24 is provided at the end of the impact plate 13, the lifting table further comprises a vertically arranged drop wire 45, the drop wire 45 passes through the through hole 24, and the drop wire 45 cooperates with the through hole 24 to guide the free falling body of the impact plate, so as to ensure that the hammer head 2 impacts vertically downwards.
An optical displacement sensor 44 is provided near the bottom of the drop wire 45 to measure in real time the amount of displacement change during impact.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5,6 and 7, the impact table further comprises an X-axis tooth surface bottom plate 25 positioned at the bottom, wherein racks which are densely arranged, have triangular cross sections and extend along the X-axis direction are arranged on the X-axis tooth surface bottom plate 25, horizontal guide rails 26 extending along the Y-axis direction are arranged on two sides of the X-axis tooth surface bottom plate 25, and guide rail sliding blocks 27 capable of sliding back and forth along the horizontal guide rails 26 are arranged on the horizontal guide rails 26;
a Y-axis tooth surface bottom plate 28 is arranged on the guide rail sliding block 27 along the length direction of the guide rail sliding block 27, and racks which are densely arranged, have triangular sections and extend along the Y-axis direction are arranged on the Y-axis tooth surface bottom plate 28;
The guide rail sliding block 27 is also provided with an embedded sliding block 29 capable of sliding back and forth along the length direction of the guide rail sliding block 27, the supporting arc plate 3 is arranged on the embedded sliding block 29, and the supporting arc plate 3 is driven to move in the horizontal direction by sliding the guide rail sliding block 27 and the embedded sliding block 29;
Preferably, a fixing rod 30 capable of sliding reciprocally in the vertical direction is further arranged on the embedded slide block 29, a horizontal fixing rotary lock button 31 in screwing fit with the embedded slide block 29 is arranged above the fixing rod 30, a Y-axis tooth trace embedded block 32 and an X-axis tooth trace embedded block 33 are arranged below the fixing rod 30, when the fixing rod 30 is pressed downwards through the horizontal fixing rotary lock button 31, the Y-axis tooth trace embedded block 32 is meshed with the Y-axis tooth face bottom plate 28, and the X-axis tooth trace embedded block 33 is meshed with the X-axis tooth face bottom plate 25, so that the embedded slide block 29 and the supporting circular arc plate 3 are locked in the horizontal direction. The two meshing locking mechanisms of the Y-axis tooth trace embedded block 32 and the X-axis tooth trace embedded block 33 are controlled by the horizontal fixing rotary lock button 31, and the locking of two degrees of freedom in the horizontal direction can be realized only by one-time screwing, so that the fixing of the supporting arc plate is completed, and the working efficiency and convenience of experimental test are improved.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the link mechanism 5 comprises a fixing bolt 34, the head model 6 is screwed and fixed at the end of the fixing bolt 34, and an arc fixing knob 35, an arc plate inner slide 36 and a fixing sleeve 37 are arranged on the fixing bolt 34, wherein the arc fixing knob 35 and the fixing bolt 34 are integrated and synchronously rotate, the arc plate inner slide 36 is in an arc shape as a whole, and racks with triangular cross sections are arranged on the arc plate inner slide 36;
A cavity 38 which is in an arc shape and is used for accommodating the arc plate inner slide 36 is formed in the two sides of the notch 4 in the support arc plate 3, a rack with a triangular section is formed on the arc top surface of the cavity 38, and the arc plate inner slide 36 can move in the cavity 38 so as to be convenient for adjusting the angles of the link mechanism 5 and the head model 6;
The linkage 5 is fixedly secured to the support circular arc plate 3 by the circular arc plate slide 36 engaging the arcuate top surface of the cavity 38.
Preferably, the fixing bolt 34 and the circular arc fixing knob 35 are integrally formed, the circular arc fixing knob 35 is screwed on the outside to control the rotation of the fixing bolt 34, the circular arc inner slide 36 is provided with internal threads and is matched with the fixing bolt 34, the circular arc inner slide 36 is controlled to move along the axial direction of the fixing bolt 34 by screwing the fixing bolt 34, so that the circular arc inner slide 36 can be meshed with the top surface of the cavity 38 and can move in the cavity 38, the internal threads matched with the fixing bolt 34 are arranged in the fixing sleeve 37, can be screwed on the fixing bolt 34 and move, can abut against the head model, further can lock the head model 6 through the fixing bolt 34, and prevent the head model 6 from rotating by itself, and the head model 6 is also provided with internal threads and is matched with the fixing bolt 34, so that the angle direction and the extension of the head model 6 can be controlled through screwing the head model 6, and the desired impact angle and the position can be set.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 10, a support frame 41 is provided at the outer side of the lifting table and the impact table, a detachable baffle frame 39 is provided at the outer side of the support frame 41, a groove 40 for mounting a gel ice and snow plate is provided on the baffle frame 39, and the temperature near the head model 6 inside the support frame 41 is controlled by the gel ice and snow plate.
In the application, the gel ice and snow board has unique physical properties, more than ninety percent of the gel ice and snow board is water, thus having almost the same refrigeration function as natural ice and snow, and not melting like ordinary ice cubes. By mounting it on the baffle frame 39 and surrounding the sample to be tested after cooling it to an ice and snow state, the impact in a low temperature state can be effectively simulated. In the conventional low-temperature impact experiment, the sample is usually frozen in advance or a complex refrigeration device is used for maintaining the low-temperature environment, but the gel ice-snow plate and the baffle frame 39 perfectly solve the problems, so that the stable low-temperature environment can be provided for the experiment at the impact moment without freezing the sample in advance, and the experiment efficiency and convenience are greatly improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, 5 and 10, the baffle frame 39 is provided with a plurality of pieces distributed around the sample 6 to be measured. An outwardly protruding mounting boss 42 is provided at the edge of the baffle frame 39, and accordingly, an inwardly recessed mounting groove 43 is provided on the support frame 41, and the baffle frame 39 is rapidly and firmly mounted to the support frame 41 by embedding the mounting boss 42 into the mounting groove 43.
The invention also provides a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact test method, which is realized by the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of:
Step 1, controlling a steering engine 15 to rotate 90 degrees to open a clamp, controlling a lifting plate 1 to descend through a lifting motor 7 to enable the clamp to clamp an end 14, and controlling the steering engine 15 to rotate 90 degrees to enable a clamping rod 12 to clamp the end 14;
Step 2, moving the supporting circular arc plate 3 to a preset position by moving the guide rail slide block 27 and the embedded slide block 29, controlling the fixed rod 30 to move downwards by horizontally fixing the rotary lock button 31, and meshing the Y-axis tooth trace embedded block 32 with the Y-axis tooth surface bottom plate 28, wherein the X-axis tooth trace embedded block 33 is meshed with the X-axis tooth surface bottom plate 25, so that the embedded slide block 29 and the supporting circular arc plate 3 are locked in the horizontal direction;
the head model 6 is mounted on the fixing bolt 34 and locked by the fixing sleeve 37, the circular arc plate inner slide 36 slides to a preset position in the cavity 38, namely, after the mounting angle of the connecting rod mechanism 5 is adjusted, the circular arc plate inner slide 36 is tightened by the circular arc fixing rotary lock button 35, so that the circular arc plate inner slide 36 is meshed with the arc top surface of the cavity 38, and the connecting rod mechanism 5 is locked on the supporting circular arc plate 3;
step 4, mounting a piezoelectric dynamic force sensor 17 and a hammer head 2 on the impact plate 13, and finely adjusting the position of the hammer head 2 in the horizontal direction to eliminate errors caused by tooth engagement on an impact table;
Step 5, embedding the gel ice and snow board into the groove 40 of the baffle frame 39, and then installing the baffle frame 39 into the supporting frame 41 so that the gel ice and snow board surrounds the head model 6, wherein after the installation is completed for 3-5 minutes, the subsequent operation steps can be executed, namely, the temperature at the head model 6 can be reduced from the room temperature to 5-8 ℃;
And 6, controlling the steering engine to rotate and prop up the clamp, enabling the impact plate to freely fall along the falling steel wire, impacting the head model 6 through the hammer head 2, and measuring through the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor 17 and the optical displacement sensor 44 to obtain data information.
After the first impact is finished, preparing to perform a second impact, wherein the positions of the punch and the nuts on the impact plate can be adjusted in the second impact, and the screw lock button on the impact table can also be adjusted to realize more accurate impact.
The novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device shown in the figures 1 to 10 is selected to perform impact test on the bionic head model, and 5 impact tests are performed on the same part of the head model by using impact forces with the same magnitude and in different angle directions so as to obtain motion and stress data when the head model is impacted under the condition of 6 ℃,
The specific test process is as follows:
Step 1, controlling a steering engine 15 to rotate 90 degrees to open a clamp, controlling a lifting plate 1 to descend through a lifting motor 7 to enable the clamp to clamp an end 14, and controlling the steering engine 15 to rotate 90 degrees to enable a clamping rod 12 to clamp the end 14;
Step 2, moving the supporting circular arc plate 3 to a preset position by moving the guide rail slide block 27 and the embedded slide block 29, and then controlling the fixing rod 30 to move downwards by horizontally fixing the rotary locking button 31 to lock the embedded slide block 29 and the supporting circular arc plate 3 in the horizontal direction;
the head model 6 is mounted on the fixing bolt 34 and locked by the fixing sleeve 37, the circular arc plate inner slide 36 slides to a preset position in the cavity 38, namely, after the mounting angle of the connecting rod mechanism 5 is adjusted, the circular arc plate inner slide 36 is tightened by the circular arc fixing rotary lock button 35, so that the circular arc plate inner slide 36 is meshed with the arc top surface of the cavity 38, and the connecting rod mechanism 5 is locked on the supporting circular arc plate 3;
step 4, mounting a piezoelectric dynamic force sensor 17 and a hammer head 2 on the impact plate 13, and finely adjusting the position of the hammer head 2 in the horizontal direction to eliminate errors caused by tooth engagement on an impact table;
Step 5, embedding the gel ice and snow board into the groove 40 of the baffle frame 39, and then installing the baffle frame 39 into the supporting frame 41 so that the gel ice and snow board surrounds the head model 6, and starting an impact test when the temperature at the head model 6 is reduced to 6 ℃;
And 6, controlling the steering engine to rotate and prop up the clamp, enabling the impact plate to freely fall along the falling steel wire, impacting the head model 6 through the hammer head 2, and measuring through the piezoelectric dynamic force sensor 17 and the optical displacement sensor 44 to obtain data information.
Specific data in 5 impact tests are shown in table one below:
Table 5 impact test data
The total time taken to complete the above 5 impact tests was 10 minutes;
According to the novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and the testing method, key data in impact testing can be accurately obtained, in addition, in the repeated testing process, completely consistent impact force can be rapidly and efficiently given out, and the reliability of a testing result is improved.
The invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, which are, however, exemplary only and for illustrative purposes. On this basis, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and improvements, and all fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
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