CN119801846A - Wind turbine acoustic directional propagation test system and method - Google Patents
Wind turbine acoustic directional propagation test system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种风电机组声学指向性传播测试系统及方法，该系统包括：声学基站，用于采集并传输声学数据；气象基站，用于采集并传输气象数据；主控基站，用于采集并传输风电机组的主控参数；中央基站，用于接收声学数据、气象数据以及主控参数，并根据接收到的声学数据、气象数据以及主控参数进行多维度和多角度融合处理，得到风电机组不同指向时，不同机组运行状态和不同气象环境下的声学传播特性；本发明从多个声学参数及多个指向性角度测量风电机组声学传播特性，考虑机组运行、气象等因素对声学特性的影响，且考虑偏航对指向性角度的影响，优化数据传输方式，减少人为操作带来的精度影响，从风电机组控制策略上给出降噪参考依据。
The invention discloses a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system and method, the system comprises: an acoustic base station for collecting and transmitting acoustic data; a meteorological base station for collecting and transmitting meteorological data; a main control base station for collecting and transmitting main control parameters of the wind turbine; a central base station for receiving acoustic data, meteorological data and main control parameters, and performing multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, meteorological data and main control parameters, so as to obtain acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine under different direction, different unit operation states and different meteorological environments; the invention measures the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine from multiple acoustic parameters and multiple directivity angles, considers the influence of factors such as unit operation and meteorology on the acoustic characteristics, considers the influence of yaw on the directivity angle, optimizes the data transmission mode, reduces the accuracy influence caused by human operation, and provides a reference basis for noise reduction from the control strategy of the wind turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind turbine noise directivity propagation tests, in particular to a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system and method.
Background
Along with the development of the super-long single-machine capacity of the wind turbine, the noise generated by the running of the wind turbine is increased. The wind turbine generator noise consists of electromagnetic noise, mechanical noise, pneumatic noise and the like. In a mid-far field environment, aerodynamic noise generated by the blade contributes to the primary noise contribution. In outdoor noise test evaluation and sound propagation attenuation calculation, the noise of the wind turbine generator set is generally used as a point sound source. At present, the diameter of the wind wheel breaks through 200 meters, pneumatic noise generated by a large wind wheel of the wind turbine is closer to a linear sound source or a surface sound source, and the noise transmission of the wind turbine to different directions around is different, such as upwind direction, downwind direction, sidewind direction and the like of the wind turbine.
The existing relevant standards all adopt A sound level as the basis for evaluating the noise influence of residential areas, and for a wind turbine generator set, the noise discharged under a certain distance and a specific running condition of a wind turbine generator set can be lower than the limit value requirement, but the noise influence still exists on the nearby residential areas due to the frequency spectrum characteristic and directivity of the wind turbine generator set.
The most commonly used wind turbine acoustic directivity measurement method at present adopts a handheld sound level meter, and the sound pressure level is acquired by means of manual fixed points, so that the influence of sound source changes such as wind wheel rotation speed, blade pitch angle change and the like of the wind turbine is not considered, the influence of meteorological data on the acoustics is not considered, when the azimuth angle of a cabin changes, a test point cannot be timely and accurately changed, the measurement method cannot be accurate, the acoustic characteristics and the like cannot be reflected in detail, and in sum, the method cannot effectively and accurately measure the acoustic directivity rule of the wind turbine.
The prior art documents related to wind turbine noise test in the industry are as follows:
In the chinese patent application CN108801447a, a system and method for testing noise of wind turbine are disclosed, and according to the standard of the testing method of wind turbine generator set, the contents of data acquisition hardware, testing system, scheme, etc. meeting the standard are provided.
In the Chinese patent application CN108489600A, a system and a method for testing and evaluating the noise of a wind generating set are disclosed, and the problems of overlong cables, complex operation and lower measuring and evaluating efficiency in the prior art are solved by combining a method for storing upper computer data through hardware data acquisition of a lower computer.
In the chinese patent application CN104034411a, a distributed measuring system for wind turbine noise is disclosed, and the system of the present invention includes an acoustic measuring terminal, a wireless communication base station, an acoustic signal processing center, a system interaction center, and the like.
In summary, no specific measurement arrangement, equipment installation location, quantity requirements, etc. are currently presented by the relevant patents. For the test of directivity, no method of confirming the position between the acoustic point and the changing wind wheel is given. The signal acquisition of the tested unit does not contain key parameters affecting aero-acoustics, such as wind wheel rotation speed, blade angle, cabin wind speed, wind wheel position and the like. The current distributed measurement system can not accurately guide the measurement of the acoustical directional propagation of the wind turbine.
Therefore, it is necessary to study the wind turbine acoustic propagation directional propagation test method and system. From the active noise reduction control angle of the wind turbine generator, the noise reduction control scheme can be formulated in a refined mode through the characteristics of acoustic propagation directivity, so that the generating capacity loss is effectively avoided, and the acoustic influence is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides an acoustic directivity propagation test system and method for a wind turbine, wherein acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine are measured from a plurality of acoustic parameters and a plurality of directivity angles, the test system considers influence of factors such as unit operation, weather and the like on the acoustic characteristics, test equipment considers influence of yaw on directivity angles, meanwhile, a data transmission mode and a power supply mode are optimized, precision influence and efficiency problems caused by manual operation are reduced, and a noise reduction reference theoretical basis is provided from a wind turbine control strategy.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme that the acoustic directivity propagation test system of the wind turbine generator comprises the following components:
The acoustic base stations are used for collecting and transmitting acoustic data and are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the upwind direction, the left wind direction, the downwind direction and the right wind direction of the wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of a tower drum of the wind turbine is not less than H+D/2, wherein H is the height of a hub of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of a wind wheel of the wind turbine;
The meteorological base station is used for collecting and transmitting meteorological data, and is arranged at a position which is far from the D-2D position of the wind turbine generator set and is arranged at a position which avoids the rear position of the wind wheel of the wind turbine generator set;
the main control base station is used for collecting and transmitting main control parameters of the wind turbine generator, the main control base station is arranged at a main control structure of the wind turbine generator, and the main control parameters comprise power, rotating speed, blade angle, cabin wind speed and cabin azimuth angle;
And the central base station is used for receiving the acoustic data, the meteorological data and the main control parameters, and carrying out multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, the received meteorological data and the received main control parameters to obtain the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine under different directions, different running states of the wind turbine and different meteorological environments.
Further, the acoustic base station includes:
The acoustic data acquisition module is used for acquiring acoustic data;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the acoustic data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module;
A wireless transmission module for transmitting acoustic data to a central base station;
The positioning module is used for acquiring the position information of the acoustic base station;
The power supply module is respectively and electrically connected with the acoustic data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module, and the acoustic data acquisition module and the positioning module are respectively and communicatively connected with the wireless transmission module;
The acoustic base station is provided with a sound pressure sensor, an acoustic calibrator and a support, the support is provided with a sound level meter and a windproof ball, and the sound pressure sensor, the acoustic calibrator and the sound level meter are respectively in communication connection with the acoustic data acquisition module.
Further, the weather base station includes:
the meteorological data acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module;
the wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the meteorological data to the central base station;
The power supply module is respectively and electrically connected with the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module, and the meteorological data acquisition module is in communication connection with the wireless transmission module;
The meteorological base station is provided with a meteorological anemometer tower, the meteorological anemometer tower is provided with a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor, and the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor are respectively in communication connection with the meteorological data acquisition module.
Further, the master base station includes:
the main control data acquisition module is used for acquiring main control parameters of the wind turbine generator;
The power supply module is used for supplying power to the main control data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module;
the wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the main control parameters to the central base station;
The positioning module is used for acquiring the position information of the main control base station;
The power supply module is respectively and electrically connected with the main control data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module, and the main control data acquisition module and the positioning module are respectively and communicatively connected with the wireless transmission module.
Further, the central base station includes:
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the data storage module, the wireless transmission module and the fusion module;
The data storage module is used for storing acoustic data, meteorological data and main control parameters;
the wireless transmission module is used for receiving the acoustic data, the meteorological data and the main control parameters;
And the fusion module is used for receiving the position data of the acoustic base station, calculating the distance and the azimuth, and carrying out multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, weather data and main control parameters to obtain acoustic propagation characteristics of different wind turbine generator set running states and different meteorological environments when the wind turbine generator set points at different directions.
Further, the central base station performs the following operations:
The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station comprises a wind speed range corresponding to the starting wind speed of the wind turbine generator set to be larger than rated power, the wind speed is set to be at intervals of 0.5m/s, the Bin interval processing is sampled, namely, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided among the measured whole wind speed sections, data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, the measurement results of effective data points in each wind speed interval are finally obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is obtained Calculated from formula (1):
N is the number of measurements made during the wind speed interval k, and V j,k is the average wind speed over the period j of measurement during the wind speed interval k.
Further, the central base station performs the following operations:
According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, calculating to obtain the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine, and iterating with cabin azimuth angle data acquired by the main control base station to obtain the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel, wherein the initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is pointed at an acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG, the clockwise direction is sequentially pointed at 0-360 DEG, when the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, the direction angle of the acoustic measurement position changes at random cabin azimuth, but the direction of the acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG is always kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, the angle deviation is +/-15 DEG, and the cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (2) to (3):
θ WT is the azimuth angle of the nacelle, A 0 ° pointing orientation is measured for acoustics.
Further, the central base station performs the following operations:
performing time domain analysis, spectrum analysis and tone analysis on the acoustic signals, wherein the time domain analysis comprises continuous time equivalent taking a 10s duration as a period, A weighting and Z weighting, the spectrum analysis obtains a 0-10000Hz spectrum result, a 1/3 octave band spectrum and a 1 octave band spectrum result, and the tone analysis obtains a tone value and tone audibility.
Further, the central base station performs the following operations:
The relation between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, and the relation between the wind speed data of 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is adopted, so that the relation between the running state of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation and the environmental wind speed is established, and the calculated relation between the wind speed at the 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is as shown in the following formula (4):
V 10 is the wind speed at the height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, and Z 0ref is the reference roughness;
In the correction of the background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is more than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the noise source measurement is required to be measured again in a quiet environment, the background noise is processed through a 1/3 octave band, and if the total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k on the same 1/3 octave band i, the background correction sound pressure level on the 1/3 octave band i is calculated by the formula (5):
L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A weighting sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, L V,T,i,k is the running total noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, and L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k.
A method for testing acoustic directivity propagation of a wind turbine, the method is realized by calling the acoustic base station, the meteorological base station, the main control base station and the central base station in the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system, and comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps that acoustic base stations are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of an upwind direction, a left wind direction, a downwind direction and a right wind direction of a wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of a tower drum of the wind turbine is not less than H+D/2, wherein H is the height of a hub of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of a wind wheel of the wind turbine;
The method comprises the steps that a meteorological base station is arranged at a position which is far from a wind turbine D-2D and is away from the rear position of a wind wheel of the wind turbine, the height of the meteorological base station is not smaller than 10m, a wind speed sensor and a wind direction sensor are arranged at the position of 10m of the meteorological base station, and the wind speed sensor and a mounting cross rod of the wind direction sensor are perpendicular to each other to flow wind direction;
The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station comprises a wind speed range corresponding to the wind speed range when the wind turbine generator is started to be larger than rated power, the wind speed is treated in a sampling Bin interval with 0.5m/s as an interval, namely, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided among the whole measured wind speed sections, data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, the measurement result of effective data points in each wind speed interval is finally obtained, and the average wind speed V k in the wind speed interval k is calculated by the formula (6):
v j,k is the average wind speed in the measuring period j of the wind speed interval k;
According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, calculating to obtain the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine, and iterating with cabin azimuth angle data acquired by the main control base station to obtain the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel, wherein the initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is pointed at an acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG, the clockwise direction is sequentially pointed at 0-360 DEG, when the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, the direction angle of the acoustic measurement position changes at random cabin azimuth, but the direction of the acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG is always kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, the angle deviation is +/-15 DEG, and the cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) to (8):
θ WT is the azimuth angle of the nacelle, A 0 ° pointing orientation for acoustic measurement;
Performing time domain analysis, frequency spectrum analysis and tone analysis on the acoustic signals, wherein the time domain analysis comprises continuous time equivalence taking a 10s duration as a period, A weighting and Z weighting, the frequency spectrum analysis obtains a frequency spectrum result of 0-10000Hz, a frequency spectrum of 1/3 octave band and a frequency spectrum result of 1 octave band;
the relation between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, and the relation between the wind speed data of 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is adopted, so that the relation between the running state of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation and the environmental wind speed is established, and the calculated relation between the wind speed at the 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is shown as the following formula (9):
V 10 is the wind speed at the height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, and Z 0ref is the reference roughness;
in the correction of the background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is more than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the noise source measurement is required to be measured again in a quiet environment, the background noise is processed through a 1/3 octave band, and if the total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k on the same 1/3 octave band i, the background correction sound pressure level on the 1/3 octave band i is calculated by the formula (10):
L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A weighting sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, L V,T,i,k is the running total noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, and L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The method can effectively reveal the acoustic directivity propagation rule of the wind turbine generator, and provides powerful support for the acoustic design research and noise reduction engineering of the wind turbine generator.
(2) According to the method, information such as meteorological environment affecting acoustic propagation, unit main control parameters affecting blade aero-acoustic and the like can be synchronously monitored, and the noise change rule and influence factors of the wind turbine can be calculated from multiple physical angles of the sound source and the acoustic propagation environment.
(3) And the wind speed and noise of the engine room of the wind turbine generator are measured by a linear interpolation method, and the wind speed and noise of the meteorological environment are measured correspondingly, so that the relation between the main control operation of the wind turbine generator, the atmosphere environment and the directional acoustic characteristics is effectively represented.
(4) According to the wind turbine generator acoustic directivity propagation test system, the positioning module is arranged and the cabin azimuth information is acquired, so that the angular relation of the position related to directivity can be accurately positioned.
(5) The acoustic signal comprises an A weighting sound pressure level and a Z weighting sound pressure level, acoustic influence is evaluated from the angles of acoustic response to human ears and low frequency, the frequency spectrum angle comprises a 0-10000Hz narrow-band spectrum, a 1/3 octave band spectrum and a1 octave band spectrum, data support is provided for frequency spectrum evaluation of different methods, directivity acoustic characteristics are evaluated more finely from the frequency spectrum angle, tone audibility and sound value measurement are added, tone characteristics are evaluated from different operation conditions and directivity angles of the wind turbine, and noise directivity of the wind turbine is evaluated more comprehensively.
(6) The wind turbine generator acoustic directivity propagation test system has the advantages that all the acquisition base station modules are integrated, the test site is simple and convenient to install, and the operation is convenient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission of a base station of an acoustic directivity propagation test system of a wind turbine.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a base station structure of an acoustic directivity propagation test system of a wind turbine generator.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the acoustic base station.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation location of a weather base station.
Fig. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of an acoustic directivity propagation test system of a wind turbine generator.
Fig. 6 is a data transmission topological diagram of the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a data correspondence relationship of a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the system for testing acoustic directivity propagation of a wind turbine generator provided in this embodiment includes:
1) The acoustic base station 2 is used for collecting and transmitting acoustic data, the acoustic base station 2 is respectively arranged at corresponding positions of an upwind direction, a left wind direction, a downwind direction and a right wind direction of the wind turbine, acoustic characteristics of different angle propagation during wind wheel rotation action of the wind turbine are measured, each acoustic base station 2 is not less than H+D/2 from the center of a wind turbine tower, H is the height of the wind turbine hub, D is the diameter of the wind turbine, and the acoustic base station 2 comprises:
An acoustic data acquisition module 8 for acquiring acoustic data;
The power supply module 9 is used for supplying power to the acoustic data acquisition module 8, the wireless transmission module 10 and the positioning module 11;
a wireless transmission module 10 for transmitting acoustic data to the central base station 4;
a positioning module 11, configured to acquire location information of the acoustic base station 2;
The power supply module 9 is respectively and electrically connected with the acoustic data acquisition module 8, the wireless transmission module 10 and the positioning module 11, and the acoustic data acquisition module 8 and the positioning module 11 are respectively and communicatively connected with the wireless transmission module 10;
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the acoustic base station 2 is provided with a sound pressure sensor, an acoustic calibrator and a support 19, the support 19 is provided with a sound level meter 20 and a wind-proof ball, the installation height is 1.2 m-1.5 m, the sound level meter 20 points to the center of the wind wheel and is used for measuring 4 necessary positions of the wind turbine 25, including upwind direction, left wind direction, right wind direction and downwind direction, and the sound pressure sensor, the acoustic calibrator and the sound level meter 20 are respectively in communication connection with the acoustic data acquisition module.
2) The meteorological base station 1 is used for collecting and transmitting meteorological data, and is shown in fig. 4 to 5, and the meteorological base station 1 is installed in a range of a position D-2D perpendicular to the ground from the hub center of the wind turbine 25 and is set at a position which is away from the position +6 DEG behind the wind wheel of the wind turbine 25, so that the influence of wake flow of the wind turbine 25 is avoided. The weather base station 1 includes:
the meteorological data acquisition module 5 is used for acquiring meteorological data;
The power supply module 6 is used for supplying power to the meteorological data acquisition module 5 and the wireless transmission module 7;
A wireless transmission module 7 for transmitting the meteorological data to the central base station 4;
The power supply module 6 is respectively and electrically connected with the meteorological data acquisition module 5 and the wireless transmission module 7, and the meteorological data acquisition module 5 is in communication connection with the wireless transmission module 7;
the meteorological base station 1 is provided with a meteorological wind tower, the meteorological wind tower is provided with a wind speed sensor 23, a wind direction sensor 24, a temperature sensor 21 and an air pressure sensor 22, the wind speed sensor 23, the wind direction sensor 24, the temperature sensor 21 and the air pressure sensor 22 are respectively in communication connection with the meteorological data acquisition module 5, the height of the meteorological wind tower is not less than 10m, the wind speed sensor 23 and the wind direction sensor 24 are arranged at the 10m height of the meteorological wind tower, the wind speed sensor 23 and the installation cross rod of the wind direction sensor 24 are perpendicular to the incoming wind direction, the temperature sensor 21 and the air pressure sensor 22 are arranged at the meteorological wind tower, and the installation height is not less than 1.5m.
3) The master control base station 3 is used for collecting and transmitting master control parameters of the wind turbine generator, the master control base station is arranged at a master control structure of the wind turbine generator 25, namely, at a position where the center of a hub at the bottom of the wind turbine generator 25 is vertical to the ground, the master control parameters comprise power, rotating speed, blade angle, cabin wind speed and cabin azimuth angle, and the master control base station 3 comprises:
The main control data acquisition module 12 is used for acquiring main control parameters of the wind turbine generator;
the power supply module 13 is used for supplying power to the main control data acquisition module 12, the wireless transmission module 14 and the positioning module 15;
a wireless transmission module 14 for transmitting the master control parameters to the central base station 4;
A positioning module 15, configured to obtain location information of the master base station 3;
The power supply module 13 is electrically connected with the main control data acquisition module 12, the wireless transmission module 14 and the positioning module 15 respectively, and the main control data acquisition module 12 and the positioning module 15 are connected with the wireless transmission module 14 in a communication mode respectively.
4) The central base station 4 is configured to receive acoustic data, meteorological data and a master control parameter, perform multidimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameter, obtain acoustic propagation characteristics of different wind turbine generator set operating states and different meteorological environments when different wind turbine generator sets are pointed, and include:
The power supply module 17 is used for supplying power to the data storage module, the wireless transmission module and the fusion module;
A data storage module 16 for storing acoustic data, meteorological data, and master control parameters;
a wireless transmission module 18 for receiving acoustic data, weather data and master control parameters;
And the fusion module is used for receiving the position data of the acoustic base station, calculating the distance and the azimuth, and carrying out multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, weather data and main control parameters to obtain acoustic propagation characteristics of different wind turbine generator set running states and different meteorological environments when the wind turbine generator set points at different directions.
The central base station specifically performs the following operations:
The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station comprises a wind speed range corresponding to the starting wind speed of the wind turbine generator set to be larger than rated power, the wind speed is set to be 0.5m/s at intervals, the Bin interval is sampled for processing, namely a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided among the measured whole wind speed sections, data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, and finally
Obtaining measurement results of effective data points in each wind speed interval and average wind speed in the wind speed interval kCalculated from formula (6):
N is the number of measurements made during the wind speed interval k, and V j,k is the average wind speed over the period j of measurement during the wind speed interval k.
Referring to fig. 5, the whole system is in a flat terrain, other noise sources do not interfere with the surrounding, and if other sounds exist around and cannot be avoided, test data screening and filtering processing is conducted, so that interference influence of an environment sporadic sound source on a test result is avoided.
The azimuth angle of the engine room is 0 degree when the front of the wind wheel of the wind turbine is in the north direction, 0-359 degrees are sequentially arranged in the clockwise direction in the overlooking direction, acoustic test points are respectively located in the upwind direction, the right wind direction, the downwind direction and the left wind direction of the wind turbine, and the acoustic test points are preferably distributed in average angles or are distributed according to the attention positions, as shown in fig. 5. When the wind direction changes, the azimuth angle of the engine room changes immediately, for example, when the azimuth angle of the engine room is 90 degrees, the data obtained by testing at the 90-degree point position is the result of 270-degree point position when the wind direction of the unit is directed upwards, and the data obtained by testing at the 90-degree point position is the result of direct of the wind direction of the unit downwards. And (3) carrying out sub-bin storage on the data obtained at each test point by using the change angle of the azimuth angle of the engine room, wherein the data is valid when the azimuth angle of the engine room is stable for 10 seconds and has no change and the angle deviation between the azimuth angle of the engine room and the test point is within +/-5 degrees, and otherwise, the data is regarded as invalid data.
According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, calculating to obtain the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine, and iterating with cabin azimuth angle data acquired by the main control base station to obtain the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel, wherein the initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is pointed at an acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG, the clockwise direction is sequentially pointed at 0-360 DEG, when the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, the direction angle of the acoustic measurement position changes at random cabin azimuth, but the direction of the acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG is always kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, the angle deviation is +/-15 DEG, and the cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) to (8):
θ WT is the azimuth angle of the nacelle, A 0 ° pointing orientation for acoustic measurement;
Performing time domain analysis, frequency spectrum analysis and tone analysis on the acoustic signals, wherein the time domain analysis comprises continuous time equivalence taking a 10s duration as a period, A weighting and Z weighting, the frequency spectrum analysis obtains a frequency spectrum result of 0-10000Hz, a frequency spectrum of 1/3 octave band and a frequency spectrum result of 1 octave band;
the relation between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, and the relation between the wind speed data of 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is adopted, so that the relation between the running state of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation and the environmental wind speed is established, and the calculated relation between the wind speed at the 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is shown as the following formula (9):
V 10 is the wind speed at the height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, and Z 0ref is the reference roughness;
in the correction of the background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is more than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the noise source measurement is required to be measured again in a quiet environment, the background noise is processed through a 1/3 octave band, and if the total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k on the same 1/3 octave band i, the background correction sound pressure level on the 1/3 octave band i is calculated by the formula (10):
L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A weighting sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, L V,T,i,k is the running total noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, and L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 6 to fig. 7, this embodiment discloses a wind turbine generator acoustic directivity propagation test method, and the method calls an acoustic base station, a weather base station, a main control base station and a central base station in the wind turbine generator acoustic directivity propagation test system described in embodiment 1 to implement, including:
The method comprises the steps that acoustic base stations are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of an upwind direction, a left wind direction, a downwind direction and a right wind direction of a wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of a tower drum of the wind turbine is not less than H+D/2, wherein H is the height of a hub of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of a wind wheel of the wind turbine;
The method comprises the steps that a meteorological base station is arranged at a position which is far from a wind turbine D-2D and is away from the rear position of a wind wheel of the wind turbine, the height of the meteorological base station is not smaller than 10m, a wind speed sensor and a wind direction sensor are arranged at the position of 10m of the meteorological base station, and the wind speed sensor and a mounting cross rod of the wind direction sensor are perpendicular to each other to flow wind direction;
The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station comprises a wind speed range corresponding to the starting wind speed of the wind turbine generator set to be larger than rated power, the wind speed is set to be at intervals of 0.5m/s, the Bin interval processing is sampled, namely, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided among the measured whole wind speed sections, data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, the measurement results of effective data points in each wind speed interval are finally obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is obtained Calculated from formula (6):
v j,k is the average wind speed in the measuring period j of the wind speed interval k;
The azimuth angle of the engine room is 0 degree when the front of the wind wheel of the wind turbine is in the north direction, 0-359 degrees are sequentially arranged in the clockwise direction in the overlooking direction, acoustic test points are respectively located in the upwind direction, the right wind direction, the downwind direction and the left wind direction of the wind turbine, and the acoustic test points are preferably distributed in average angles or are distributed according to the attention positions, as shown in fig. 5. When the wind direction changes, the azimuth angle of the engine room changes immediately, for example, when the azimuth angle of the engine room is 90 degrees, the data obtained by testing at the 90-degree point position is the result of 270-degree point position when the wind direction of the unit is directed upwards, and the data obtained by testing at the 90-degree point position is the result of direct of the wind direction of the unit downwards. And (3) carrying out sub-bin storage on the data obtained at each test point by using the change angle of the azimuth angle of the engine room, wherein the data is valid when the azimuth angle of the engine room is stable for 10 seconds and has no change and the angle deviation between the azimuth angle of the engine room and the test point is within +/-5 degrees, and otherwise, the data is regarded as invalid data.
According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, calculating to obtain the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine, and iterating with cabin azimuth angle data acquired by the main control base station to obtain the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel, wherein the initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is pointed at an acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG, the clockwise direction is sequentially pointed at 0-360 DEG, when the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, the direction angle of the acoustic measurement position changes at random cabin azimuth, but the direction of the acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG is always kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, the angle deviation is +/-15 DEG, and the cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) to (8):
θ WT is the azimuth angle of the nacelle, A 0 ° pointing orientation for acoustic measurement;
Performing time domain analysis, frequency spectrum analysis and tone analysis on the acoustic signals, wherein the time domain analysis comprises continuous time equivalence taking a 10s duration as a period, A weighting and Z weighting, the frequency spectrum analysis obtains a frequency spectrum result of 0-10000Hz, a frequency spectrum of 1/3 octave band and a frequency spectrum result of 1 octave band;
the relation between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, and the relation between the wind speed data of 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is adopted, so that the relation between the running state of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation and the environmental wind speed is established, and the calculated relation between the wind speed at the 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is shown as the following formula (9):
V 10 is the wind speed at the height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, and Z 0ref is the reference roughness;
in the correction of the background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is more than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the noise source measurement is required to be measured again in a quiet environment, the background noise is processed through a 1/3 octave band, and if the total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k on the same 1/3 octave band i, the background correction sound pressure level on the 1/3 octave band i is calculated by the formula (10):
L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A weighting sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, L V,T,i,k is the running total noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, and L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so variations in shape and principles of the present invention should be covered.
Claims (10)
1. An acoustic directivity propagation test system for a wind turbine generator, comprising:
The acoustic base stations are used for collecting and transmitting acoustic data and are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the upwind direction, the left wind direction, the downwind direction and the right wind direction of the wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of a tower drum of the wind turbine is not less than H+D/2, wherein H is the height of a hub of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of a wind wheel of the wind turbine;
The meteorological base station is used for collecting and transmitting meteorological data, and is arranged at a position which is far from the D-2D position of the wind turbine generator set and is arranged at a position which avoids the rear position of the wind wheel of the wind turbine generator set;
the main control base station is used for collecting and transmitting main control parameters of the wind turbine generator, the main control base station is arranged at a main control structure of the wind turbine generator, and the main control parameters comprise power, rotating speed, blade angle, cabin wind speed and cabin azimuth angle;
And the central base station is used for receiving the acoustic data, the meteorological data and the main control parameters, and carrying out multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, the received meteorological data and the received main control parameters to obtain the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine under different directions, different running states of the wind turbine and different meteorological environments.
2. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic base station comprises:
The acoustic data acquisition module is used for acquiring acoustic data;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the acoustic data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module;
A wireless transmission module for transmitting acoustic data to a central base station;
The positioning module is used for acquiring the position information of the acoustic base station;
The power supply module is respectively and electrically connected with the acoustic data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module, and the acoustic data acquisition module and the positioning module are respectively and communicatively connected with the wireless transmission module;
The acoustic base station is provided with a sound pressure sensor, an acoustic calibrator and a support, the support is provided with a sound level meter and a windproof ball, and the sound pressure sensor, the acoustic calibrator and the sound level meter are respectively in communication connection with the acoustic data acquisition module.
3. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of claim 1, wherein the meteorological base station comprises:
the meteorological data acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module;
the wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the meteorological data to the central base station;
The power supply module is respectively and electrically connected with the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module, and the meteorological data acquisition module is in communication connection with the wireless transmission module;
The meteorological base station is provided with a meteorological anemometer tower, the meteorological anemometer tower is provided with a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor, and the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor are respectively in communication connection with the meteorological data acquisition module.
4. The system for testing acoustic directivity propagation of a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the master base station comprises:
the main control data acquisition module is used for acquiring main control parameters of the wind turbine generator;
The power supply module is used for supplying power to the main control data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module;
the wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the main control parameters to the central base station;
The positioning module is used for acquiring the position information of the main control base station;
The power supply module is respectively and electrically connected with the main control data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module, and the main control data acquisition module and the positioning module are respectively and communicatively connected with the wireless transmission module.
5. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of claim 1, wherein the central base station comprises:
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the data storage module, the wireless transmission module and the fusion module;
The data storage module is used for storing acoustic data, meteorological data and main control parameters;
the wireless transmission module is used for receiving the acoustic data, the meteorological data and the main control parameters;
And the fusion module is used for receiving the position data of the acoustic base station, calculating the distance and the azimuth, and carrying out multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, weather data and main control parameters to obtain acoustic propagation characteristics of different wind turbine generator set running states and different meteorological environments when the wind turbine generator set points at different directions.
6. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of claim 1, wherein the central base station performs the following operations:
The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station comprises a wind speed range corresponding to the starting wind speed of the wind turbine generator set to be larger than rated power, the wind speed is set to be at intervals of 0.5m/s, the Bin interval processing is sampled, namely, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided among the measured whole wind speed sections, data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, the measurement results of effective data points in each wind speed interval are finally obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is obtained Calculated from formula (1):
N is the number of measurements made during the wind speed interval k, and V j,k is the average wind speed over the period j of measurement during the wind speed interval k.
7. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of claim 1, wherein the central base station performs the following operations:
According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, calculating to obtain the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine, and iterating with cabin azimuth angle data acquired by the main control base station to obtain the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel, wherein the initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is pointed at an acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG, the clockwise direction is sequentially pointed at 0-360 DEG, when the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, the direction angle of the acoustic measurement position changes at random cabin azimuth, but the direction of the acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG is always kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, the angle deviation is +/-15 DEG, and the cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (2) to (3):
θ WT is the azimuth angle of the nacelle, A 0 ° pointing orientation is measured for acoustics.
8. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of claim 1, wherein the central base station performs the following operations:
performing time domain analysis, spectrum analysis and tone analysis on the acoustic signals, wherein the time domain analysis comprises continuous time equivalent taking a 10s duration as a period, A weighting and Z weighting, the spectrum analysis obtains a 0-10000Hz spectrum result, a 1/3 octave band spectrum and a 1 octave band spectrum result, and the tone analysis obtains a tone value and tone audibility.
9. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of claim 1, wherein the central base station performs the following operations:
The relation between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, and the relation between the wind speed data of 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is adopted, so that the relation between the running state of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation and the environmental wind speed is established, and the calculated relation between the wind speed at the 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is as shown in the following formula (4):
V 10 is the wind speed at the height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, and Z 0ref is the reference roughness;
In the correction of the background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is more than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the noise source measurement is required to be measured again in a quiet environment, the background noise is processed through a 1/3 octave band, and if the total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k on the same 1/3 octave band i, the background correction sound pressure level on the 1/3 octave band i is calculated by the formula (5):
L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A weighting sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, L V,T,i,k is the running total noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, and L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k.
10. The method for testing acoustic directivity propagation of a wind turbine generator, which is characterized by calling an acoustic base station, a meteorological base station, a master control base station and a central base station in the system for testing acoustic directivity propagation of a wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:
The method comprises the steps that acoustic base stations are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of an upwind direction, a left wind direction, a downwind direction and a right wind direction of a wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of a tower drum of the wind turbine is not less than H+D/2, wherein H is the height of a hub of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of a wind wheel of the wind turbine;
The method comprises the steps that a meteorological base station is arranged at a position which is far from a wind turbine D-2D and is away from the rear position of a wind wheel of the wind turbine, the height of the meteorological base station is not smaller than 10m, a wind speed sensor and a wind direction sensor are arranged at the position of 10m of the meteorological base station, and the wind speed sensor and a mounting cross rod of the wind direction sensor are perpendicular to each other to flow wind direction;
The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station comprises a wind speed range corresponding to the starting wind speed of the wind turbine generator set to be larger than rated power, the wind speed is set to be at intervals of 0.5m/s, the Bin interval processing is sampled, namely, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided among the measured whole wind speed sections, data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, the measurement results of effective data points in each wind speed interval are finally obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is obtained Calculated from formula (6):
v j,k is the average wind speed in the measuring period j of the wind speed interval k;
According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, calculating to obtain the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine, and iterating with cabin azimuth angle data acquired by the main control base station to obtain the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel, wherein the initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is pointed at an acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG, the clockwise direction is sequentially pointed at 0-360 DEG, when the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, the direction angle of the acoustic measurement position changes at random cabin azimuth, but the direction of the acoustic measurement position of 0 DEG is always kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, the angle deviation is +/-15 DEG, and the cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) to (8):
θ WT is the azimuth angle of the nacelle, A 0 ° pointing orientation for acoustic measurement;
Performing time domain analysis, frequency spectrum analysis and tone analysis on the acoustic signals, wherein the time domain analysis comprises continuous time equivalence taking a 10s duration as a period, A weighting and Z weighting, the frequency spectrum analysis obtains a frequency spectrum result of 0-10000Hz, a frequency spectrum of 1/3 octave band and a frequency spectrum result of 1 octave band;
the relation between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, and the relation between the wind speed data of 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is adopted, so that the relation between the running state of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation and the environmental wind speed is established, and the calculated relation between the wind speed at the 10m height and the wind speed of the engine room is shown as the following formula (9):
V 10 is the wind speed at the height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, and Z 0ref is the reference roughness;
in the correction of the background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is more than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the noise source measurement is required to be measured again in a quiet environment, the background noise is processed through a 1/3 octave band, and if the total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k on the same 1/3 octave band i, the background correction sound pressure level on the 1/3 octave band i is calculated by the formula (10):
L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A weighting sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, L V,T,i,k is the running total noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k, and L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level on 1/3 octave band i at interval center wind speed k.
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| US20140193257A1 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2014-07-10 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Acoustic noise monitoring system for a wind turbine |
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| CN117723303A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-19 | 湘潭大学 | A method for acoustic monitoring of wind turbine bearings |
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| US20140193257A1 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2014-07-10 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Acoustic noise monitoring system for a wind turbine |
| CN108801447A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-13 | 零零二信息科技（沧州）有限责任公司 | A kind of wind energy conversion system noise measuring system and test method |
| CN112343773A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-09 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for determining sound value of a wind turbine |
| CN117723303A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-19 | 湘潭大学 | A method for acoustic monitoring of wind turbine bearings |
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