CN119808817A - A low-power backscatter communication tag considering negative resistance amplification characteristics - Google Patents
A low-power backscatter communication tag considering negative resistance amplification characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN119808817A CN119808817A CN202411889434.1A CN202411889434A CN119808817A CN 119808817 A CN119808817 A CN 119808817A CN 202411889434 A CN202411889434 A CN 202411889434A CN 119808817 A CN119808817 A CN 119808817A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种考虑负阻放大特性的低功耗反向散射通信标签，属于射频识别技术领域。其包括：用于接收来自发射机的下行链路信号并与后续电路进行阻抗匹配的信号接收匹配模块；用于解调下行链路信号，将基带信号从载波信号中提取出来的包络检波模块；用于对包络检波后的基带信号进行处理，滤除信号中的高频分量的低通滤波模块；用于比较低通滤波模块输出的两个信号，以比较出数字基带信号的比较器模块；用于反射并放大所述的下行链路信号的负阻放大模块；用于处理数字基带信号，并控制信号接收匹配模块分别与包络检波模块和负阻放大模块之间的通断的主控模块。本发明所提出的通信标签整体功耗低，体积较小，可方便地应用于物联网互联的产业中。
The present invention relates to a low-power backscattering communication tag considering negative resistance amplification characteristics, belonging to the field of radio frequency identification technology. It includes: a signal receiving and matching module for receiving a downlink signal from a transmitter and performing impedance matching with a subsequent circuit; an envelope detection module for demodulating the downlink signal and extracting the baseband signal from the carrier signal; a low-pass filtering module for processing the baseband signal after envelope detection and filtering out the high-frequency component in the signal; a comparator module for comparing the two signals output by the low-pass filtering module to compare the digital baseband signal; a negative resistance amplification module for reflecting and amplifying the downlink signal; a main control module for processing the digital baseband signal and controlling the on-off between the signal receiving and matching module and the envelope detection module and the negative resistance amplification module. The communication tag proposed by the present invention has low overall power consumption and small size, and can be conveniently applied to the industry of Internet of Things interconnection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency identification, and relates to a low-power-consumption backscatter communication tag considering negative resistance amplification characteristics.
Background
With the continuous development of internet of things (IoT) technology, wireless communication technology plays an increasingly important role in various application scenarios, and particularly in low-power consumption and long-distance communication scenarios, backscatter communication technology is attracting attention due to the advantages of low power consumption and low cost. The backscatter communication tag transmits data by reflecting the received radio frequency signal without the need for active transmission of the signal, thereby greatly reducing power consumption. The technology can be applied to hundreds of millions of low-power-consumption Internet of things platforms in the future, wherein the technology has great development potential in the fields of logistics and supply chain management, manufacturing industry, retail industry, medical health, transportation, agriculture and animal husbandry, environment monitoring, intelligent home and the like, and real everything interconnection can be realized.
The RFID radio frequency identification technology is based on a back scattering technology, but the existing back scattering labels have the problems of power consumption and communication distance, namely, the reduction of the power consumption can lead to the shortening of the communication distance, so that the requirement of long-distance low-power transmission cannot be met, meanwhile, the back scattering can experience about twice of the path loss, the communication distance is further shortened, the subsequent maintenance cost is increased due to the power consumption problem, and the driving of commercial benefits is lacked, so that the development of the Internet of things encounters a bottleneck.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a low power consumption backscatter communication tag with negative resistance amplification characteristics, which does not depend on a high power modem circuit by using the backscatter communication tag, and the introduction of negative resistance amplification greatly improves the communication distance of the tag, thereby satisfying the requirement of low power consumption and improving the transmission distance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a low power backscatter communications tag that takes into account negative resistance amplification characteristics, the communications tag comprising:
a signal receiving matching module for receiving the downlink signal from the transmitter and performing impedance matching with a subsequent circuit;
the envelope detection module is used for demodulating the downlink signal and extracting the baseband signal from the carrier signal;
The low-pass filtering module is used for processing the baseband signal after envelope detection and filtering out high-frequency components in the signal;
The comparator module is used for comparing the two signals output by the low-pass filtering module so as to compare digital baseband signals;
a negative resistance amplifying module for reflecting and amplifying the downlink signal;
The main control module is used for processing the digital baseband signals and controlling the on-off of the signal receiving and matching module and the envelope detection module and the negative resistance amplification module respectively.
Further, the signal receiving and matching module comprises an antenna, an SMA interface, a multiplexer and a matching circuit. The input end of the antenna receives downlink signals, the output end of the antenna is connected with the input end of the SMA interface, the output end of the SMA interface is connected with the first port of the multiplexer, the second port of the multiplexer is connected with the input end of the matching circuit, the third port of the multiplexer is connected with the negative resistance amplifying module, and the output end of the matching circuit is connected with the envelope detection module. Through the multiplexer, the main control module can control the communication between the antenna and the matching circuit and the negative resistance amplifying module respectively, thereby realizing the reflection of downlink signals.
Further, the envelope detection module includes a detection diode D1, a filter capacitor C2, and a load resistor R1. The filter capacitor C2 and the load resistor R1 are connected in parallel and then connected in series between the negative electrode of the detection diode D1 and the ground, wherein one end of the load resistor R1 is connected with the low-pass filter module.
Further, the low-pass filter module comprises a first-stage low-pass filter circuit and a second-stage low-pass filter circuit. The input end of the first-stage low-pass filter circuit is connected with the load resistor R1, the output end of the first-stage low-pass filter circuit is respectively connected with the input end of the second-stage low-pass filter circuit and the input end of the comparator module, and the output end of the second-stage low-pass filter circuit is connected with the input end of the comparator module. The cut-off frequency of the first-stage low-pass filter circuit is higher than that of the second-stage low-pass filter circuit.
Furthermore, the comparator module is realized by adopting a comparator, the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the output end of the primary low-pass filter circuit, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the output end of the secondary low-pass filter circuit, and the output end of the comparator is connected with the input end of the main control module.
Further, the negative resistance amplifying module includes a blocking capacitor C5, a resonant circuit formed by a resonant inductor L3 and a resonant capacitor C7, a triode Q1, an inductor L4, a dc bias circuit formed by a bias resistor R4 and a dc power supply, and a positive feedback circuit formed by a feedback inductor L5, a feedback capacitor C6 and a feedback capacitor C8.
The first end of the blocking capacitor C5 is connected with the third port of the multiplexer, the second end of the blocking capacitor C5 is connected with the first end of the resonant inductor L3, the second end of the resonant inductor L3 is connected with the first end of the resonant capacitor C7 and the collector of the triode Q1 respectively, the second end of the resonant capacitor C7 is grounded, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded, the base of the triode Q is connected with the second end of the bias resistor R4, the first end of the bias resistor R4 is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply and the first end of the inductor L4 respectively, the negative electrode of the direct current power supply is grounded, the second end of the inductor L4 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, the first end of the feedback inductor L5 is connected with the second end of the bias resistor R4, the second end of the feedback inductor L5 is connected with the first end of the feedback capacitor C8, the first end of the feedback capacitor C6 is connected with the first end of the resonant inductor L3, the second end of the feedback capacitor C8 is grounded, and the second end of the feedback capacitor C8 is grounded.
In the negative resistance amplifying module, the triode Q1 works at a static working point through the direct current bias circuit, so that the negative resistance amplifying module is in a negative resistance amplifying state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the signal receiving and matching module is used for determining the matching frequency and receiving the radio frequency signal in the working area, and the original digital baseband signal is demodulated through matching, filtering, comparing and the like, the negative resistance amplifying module is designed by adopting the design principle of the E-type oscillator, the efficiency of the E-type oscillator can reach more than 70 percent, the structure is simple, the E-type oscillator can provide higher output power and has great advantages in the aspect of modulating the carrier wave to generate the uplink signal, the whole power consumption of the communication tag provided by the invention is low, the requirement of the radio frequency tag can be met, the volume is smaller, and the communication tag can be conveniently applied to the industry of Internet of things interconnection.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low power backscatter communications tag according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a static operating point of a triode;
FIG. 3 is a negative resistance amplifying circuit input impedance;
Fig. 4 is a negative resistance amplifying circuit gain.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In which the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be construed as limiting the invention, and in which certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced in order to better illustrate embodiments of the invention, and not to represent actual product dimensions, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., the directions or positional relationships indicated are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred devices or elements must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, so that the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, and that the specific meanings of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
As shown in FIG. 1, the low-power-consumption backscatter communication tag with negative resistance amplification characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a signal receiving and matching module, an envelope detection module, a low-pass filtering module, a comparator module, a main control module, and a negative resistance amplification module.
The radio frequency matching receiving module is used for receiving downlink signals from a transmitter and transmitting the received signals to the envelope detection module, the envelope detection module is used for demodulating the downlink signals, moving baseband signals from carrier signals and transmitting the baseband signals to the low-pass filtering module, a first-stage low-pass filter filters out a part of high-frequency components in the baseband signals, a second-stage low-pass filter continuously filters out a part of high-frequency components so that signals generated by the two filters have a certain voltage difference and then are transmitted to the comparator module, the comparator module compares the signals transmitted by the two low-pass filters to obtain digital baseband signals and transmits the digital baseband signals to the main control module, the main control module is responsible for processing the digital baseband signals and generating the digital baseband signals to be reflected back, and the digital baseband signals generated at the main control module are used for controlling the gating of a multiplexer in the signal receiving matching module, namely when the signals are '0', the multiplexer is communicated with the signal receiving matching module and the envelope detection module, and the multiplexer is communicated with the antenna and the negative resistance amplification module when the signals '1' appear, the signals are directly reflected by the negative resistance amplification module and the downlink signals are received by the antenna. It can be seen that, in the communication tag provided by the invention, the signal receiving and matching module has a bidirectional receiving and transmitting function.
The protocol followed by the low-power backscatter communication tag provided in this embodiment is a radio frequency identification protocol, namely a Class 12 generation UHF RFID 860 mhz-960 mhz communication protocol (Class-1 Generation-2UHF RFID). The transmitter transmits a carrier wave with a center frequency of 915M, which also determines that the center frequency of the signal receiving matching module is 915MHz, the downlink adopts an AM modulation mode, and the code element adopts a PIE coding format.
The matching circuit needs to match the subsequent impedance with the characteristic impedance, that is, the reflection coefficient of the port is zero or approximately zero, so that the downlink signal is completely received by the system without a reflection part, the system input impedance needs to be simulated by using electromagnetic simulation software ADVANCED DESIGN SYSTEM (ADS) to obtain the system input impedance, the system input impedance is matched to the source impedance of 50 ohms by using a Smith chart, and the pi-type matching circuit is adopted in the embodiment, has higher flexibility and can facilitate subsequent adjustment. The matching signals are received and then input into a filter circuit, the filter circuit adopts an L-shaped low-pass filter circuit, the cut-off frequency is f=12pi RC, the first-stage low-pass filter can filter out high-frequency components above 1.6MHz and output the signals to the positive electrode of a comparator, and the second-stage low-pass filter can filter out high-frequency components above 0.16MHz and output the signals to the negative electrode of the comparator. The comparator adopts a MAX962 ultra-high speed comparator for comparing high frequency signals to avoid error, and the propagation delay is 4.2ns, which is enough to meet the requirement of tag signals. The negative resistance amplification module is responsible for reflecting and amplifying the carrier signal emitted by the transmitter, and the negative resistance amplification principle is to realize amplification by utilizing the negative resistance characteristic of the triode which is shown in the working interval, namely, the voltage is reduced along with the increase of the current, so that in order to enable the triode to be in a negative resistance state, an ADS is required to be used for determining the static working point of the triode, as shown in fig. 2. The static operating point is then set by the bias circuit and the complete body circuit is built to measure negative impedance as shown in figure 3. The gain is shown in fig. 4, where S11 is about 19dB, which indicates that the reflected signal power is amplified by about 65 times, thus achieving the purpose of amplifying and reflecting the carrier wave.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the signal receiving and matching module includes an antenna, an SMA port, a multiplexer MUX, matching inductors L1 and L2, and a matching capacitor C1, where the signal receiving and matching module connects the multiplexer to the matching circuit and the SMA port when receiving an input signal, so that the signal is completely received.
The envelope detection module comprises a detection diode D1, a filter capacitor C2 and a load resistor R1. The diode D1 is connected with the matching inductance L2 and the matching capacitance C1, and the filtering inductance C2 is connected in parallel with the load resistance R1 and then connected in series between the diode D1 and the ground. The diode D1 is a schottky diode, and the forward voltage drop of the schottky diode is far lower than that of a common silicon diode, so that the power consumption is further reduced, the fast recovery time of the diode is very short, and only a few nanoseconds are needed, thereby meeting the demodulation requirement of the radio frequency signal. The filter capacitor C2 is responsible for smoothing the detected signal to remove high-frequency components, so that the processed signal is smoother. The load resistor R1 converts the current flowing into a voltage, thereby forming a corresponding voltage signal across the resistor.
The low-pass filter module comprises a first-stage low-pass filter and a second-stage low-pass filter. The first-stage low-pass filter comprises a filter capacitor C3 and a filter resistor R2, one end of the filter resistor R2 is connected with one end of a load resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of the filter capacitor C3, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded. The second-stage low-pass filter comprises a filter capacitor C4 and a filter resistor R3, one end of the filter resistor R3 is connected with the output end of the first-stage low-pass filter, the other end of the filter resistor R3 is connected with one end of the filter capacitor C4, and the other end of the filter capacitor C4 is grounded. The cut-off frequency of the first-stage low-pass filter is slightly higher than that of the second-stage low-pass filter, and a certain voltage difference is generated by the two low-pass filters, so that the corresponding characters can be compared by the subsequent comparator.
The negative resistance amplifying module is integrally connected with the port of the multiplexer P2, and in the negative resistance amplifying module, the blocking capacitor C5 is used for isolating direct current signals and allowing alternating current signals to pass through and protecting subsequent circuits from direct current components. One end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the multiplexer P2, and the other end is connected with the subsequent resonant network. The resonant network comprises a resonant inductor L3 and a resonant capacitor C7, one end of the resonant inductor L3 is connected with the blocking capacitor C5, the other end of the resonant inductor L is connected with the resonant capacitor C7, and the other end of the resonant capacitor C7 is grounded. The resonant network has the function of ensuring the frequency selectivity of the signal and ensuring that the circuit can perform self-oscillation under specific frequency, and can be used as a filter to filter out frequencies beyond the resonant frequency so as to ensure the normal operation of the system. The emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded, and the collector is respectively connected with the resonant capacitor C7 and the resonant inductor L3. The triode Q1 is a core device of the negative resistance amplifying module, the triode Q1 works at a static working point through a biasing circuit, the whole circuit can show negative impedance and amplify input signals, and the system works under a stable condition through a feedback circuit. The direct current power supply DC and the bias resistor R4 form a direct current bias circuit, wherein the bias resistor R4 and the inductor L4 are in series connection to ensure that the triode works at a static working point. The feedback inductor L5, the feedback capacitor C6 and the feedback capacitor C8 jointly form a feedback circuit, and the feedback circuit feeds back the energy of an output signal to the input end in a certain proportion so as to ensure the stable operation of the transistor oscillating circuit.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
The downlink signal is transmitted and then reaches the multiplexer through the antenna and the SMA interface, the multiplexer generates a digital signal when modulating the carrier signal, wherein the digital signal '0' is generated when the antenna is connected with the matching circuit through the multiplexer port P1, and the digital signal '1' is generated when the antenna is connected with the negative resistance amplifying module through the multiplexer port P2. The downlink signal is output to the matching circuit through the multiplexer, the modulation signal with the center frequency of 915MHz is matched through the matching circuit, and then the received amplitude modulation wave signal is transmitted to the envelope detection module for detection. In the envelope detection module, firstly, an envelope is extracted through a schottky diode, a filter capacitor C2 carries out smoothing treatment on the extracted signal, a load resistor R1 converts a current signal into a voltage signal for subsequent filtering action, wherein when an input signal is positive, the diode D1 is conducted and charges the capacitor C2, and when the voltage of the input signal is reduced and is smaller than a cut-off voltage, the diode D1 is cut off, and the capacitor C2 discharges. The signal after envelope detection is input into a low-pass filter module, the high-frequency clutter above 1.6MHz is filtered by a primary low-pass filter circuit, and the high-frequency clutter above 0.16MH is filtered by a secondary low-pass filter circuit, so that a certain voltage difference is generated between the primary low-pass filter circuit and the secondary low-pass filter circuit. The comparator module receives two voltage signals output by the low-pass filter module, wherein the first-stage low-pass filter circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the comparator CMP, and the second-stage low-pass filter circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the comparator CMP. The main control chip adopts an MSP430FR5969 low-power chip, and the chip has a highest acquisition rate of up to 200k of 12-bit ADC. The negative resistance amplifying module is connected with the port P2 of the multiplexer and is used for reflecting and amplifying the downlink signal, wherein the downlink signal enters the circuit through the blocking capacitor C5. In the negative resistance amplifying module, an inductance L3 and a capacitance C7 form a resonant network together, the resonant network also has a certain frequency selecting function, when an input signal is close to the resonant frequency, the triode Q1 is maintained at a fixed frequency, the circuit presents negative impedance at the moment, the input signal is amplified, and the amplification gain is obtained through the negative impedance. The triode Q1 works in a stable area through a direct current bias circuit formed by a resistor R4 and a direct current power supply DC. The inductor L5, the capacitor C8 and the capacitor C6 form a positive feedback circuit, and output signals are fed back to the input end, so that the negative resistance amplifying module can be stabilized.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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