CN119732285A

CN119732285A - A method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse

Info

Publication number: CN119732285A
Application number: CN202510039721.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 位杰; 蒋媛; 崔龙; 李子凡; 谢宏江; 姚文英; 李亚兵; 肖欢; 梁潇
Original assignee: Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps Second Division Of Agricultural Science Research Institute
Current assignee: Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps Second Division Of Agricultural Science Research Institute
Priority date: 2025-01-10
Filing date: 2025-01-10
Publication date: 2025-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 2045-01-10
Also published as: CN119732285B

Abstract

The present application relates to a method for cultivating figs in a greenhouse twice a year, comprising: selecting planting containers and fig plants, starting planting in a greenhouse in early February, pre-treating the root systems of the fig plants and then planting them in the containers, then immediately watering them, and drip-irrigating plant growth regulators and fungicides after 7 days; in the first production, the figs are cut flat and fixed in mid-February, and strong branches are selected for cultivation after new shoots sprout; during the rapid growth period of new shoots, calcium prohexadione is used to control the growth every 10-15 days, and when the new shoots grow to 1.5m, the new shoots are pinched, and then the side buds are removed, and the fruits mature in July to August; in the second production, the figs are cut flat in mid-to-late August, each fruiting branch is re-pruned with 2-3 buds, and after sprouting, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientations are selected for each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and the rest are all removed; the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised in late October, and the fruits mature in January to February of the following year. The method is simple, easy, efficient, low-cost, not restricted by ground temperature, and can be put on the market in different seasons.

Description

Method for cultivating figs in greenhouse in two batches in one year

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating figs in greenhouse, which is applicable to cold and dry areas (such as southern Xinjiang areas) in one year and two stubbles.

Background

The figs can be planted in the same year and can be fruiting in the same year, the next year, the full-automatic delivery period is entered, and the economic benefit is obvious. At present, figs in southern Xinjiang mainly take local yellow variety early yellow as main materials. In recent years, new fig varieties such as Bo Ji Gong, balaonet and Mas sense pottery are increasingly popular in the market, and are also favored by leisure picking gardens and agricultural cooperatives, and various areas in Xinjiang are actively introduced and developed. However, under the condition of natural cultivation in open field, the mature period is 9 months, only 1/3 of fruits can be mature when frosting is carried out in 10 months, the yield waste of about 2/3 is caused, soil burying and overwintering are needed in winter, the cost is high, and the benefit is low.

The problems can be effectively avoided by adopting facility cultivation, and the figs are planted in a facility greenhouse at present, so that the normal maturity and safe overwintering of the figs are realized by utilizing micro-environment regulation. However, the method for greenhouse cultivation of figs in facilities adopted in the industry is mainly a cultivation management mode of one crop a year, and the method has the problems of low ground temperature, late germination, long production period, concentrated maturity, low effective yield, low comprehensive economic benefit and the like in early spring.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior greenhouse fig one-year-one-crop cultivation method, the application provides a novel greenhouse fig one-year-two-crop cultivation method suitable for cold and dry areas (such as southern Xinjiang areas).

The application aims to provide a method for cultivating figs in greenhouse, which is free from the limitation of ground temperature, can be marketed in wrong seasons and realizes high-efficiency production.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical scheme.

Specifically, the application provides a method for cultivating figs in a greenhouse in two crops a year, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1:

S1, container planting, namely selecting a planting container and fig plants, starting planting in a greenhouse in the last 2 months, trimming the root systems of the fig plants during planting, soaking in mixed solution of rooting powder and chlorothalonil, planting the fig plants in the container after drying in the shade, immediately watering thoroughly after planting, and drip-irrigating plant growth regulators and bactericides after 7 days;

s2, first stubble production, namely stumping and drying figs in the middle ten days of 2 months, selecting and keeping strong branches for cultivation after germination of new shoots, controlling vigorous growth of the new shoots by 400-600 times of tretinoin calcium every 10-15 days in the rapid growth period, picking the heart when the new shoots grow to 1.5m, erasing lateral buds after picking the heart, and maturing fruits from 7 months to 8 months;

s3, second stubble production, namely stumping figs, leaving 2-3 buds on each fruiting branch in the middle and late ten days of 8 months, re-cutting, leaving 1-2 new fruiting branches with proper space on each branch after germination, and fully erasing the rest, wherein in the late 10 months, the greenhouse is covered according to the condition of temperature change, and fruits are sequentially ripened from 1 month to 2 months in the next year.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the application, the planting container in the step S1 of the two-crop-a-year cultivation method of the greenhouse figs in the facility comprises, but is not limited to, a non-woven bag, a root control container or a purple clay pot, wherein the caliber of the planting container is 30-45cm, and the height of the planting container is 25-45cm.

Alternatively, according to some embodiments of the present application, the fig plants in the greenhouse fig cultivation method of the present application in two crops a year in step S1 have a tree age of 2 years or more.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the method for cultivating figs in greenhouse for two crops a year in the present application comprises soaking roots of figs in a mixed solution of rooting powder and chlorothalonil for 30 seconds, and taking out the soaked roots of figs in a mixed solution of 600-800 times of rooting powder and 700-800 times of chlorothalonil;

The fig plants are planted in a container, which comprises the steps of filling 40% of matrixes in the container, placing the fig plants in the middle position of the container, filling the residual matrixes in the container, slightly lifting the root systems of the fig plants upwards after filling, and jolting and squatting the fig plants, wherein the filling quantity of the matrixes in the container is flush with the soil outlet position of the root necks of the fig plants;

The drip irrigation plant growth regulator and bactericide comprises the steps of drip irrigation by 25000 times of Biqing and 800 times of 30% hymexazol.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the substrate used in the cultivation method of the greenhouse figs of the present application for two crops a year is composed of the following raw materials in mass ratio:

the garden soil, organic fertilizer and organic matters are mixed according to the ratio of particulate matters to 8:1:0.5:0.5.

Alternatively, according to some embodiments of the present application, the drying in step S2 of the cultivation method of two crops of fig in a year in the greenhouse of the present application is performed within 10cm from the container mouth.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the method step S2 of cultivating two crops of figs in a greenhouse further includes:

The water-soluble nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in the early production stage of the first crop, and the fertilizer concentration is 0.2-0.3%;

the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the calcium fertilizer are applied in the middle and later stages of the first stubble production, and the fertilizer concentration is 0.3-0.5%;

Ventilating when the external temperature is stabilized above 25 ℃, and keeping the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the external temperature;

and (3) pest control is carried out by adopting a yellow hanging plate, sugar vinegar or an ozone generator.

Alternatively, according to some embodiments of the present application, the first crop of fig in the two-crop cultivation method of greenhouse of the present application in one year step S2 is produced, the temperature in the greenhouse in the germination and young shoot growth period is controlled to 22-28 ℃, the temperature in the greenhouse in the daytime is controlled to 15-18 ℃ at night, the air humidity is maintained to 60% -80%, and the soil humidity is maintained to 40% -60%.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the water and fertilizer management and temperature and humidity regulation cultivation management measures of the second crop production in the step S3 of the cultivation method of two crops of fig in a year in the greenhouse are identical to those of the first crop production in the step S2.

In addition, the application also relates to application of the method for cultivating figs in the greenhouse in two crops a year in the cultivation and production of fig trees.

In conclusion, the application utilizes the facility greenhouse to perform the root control cultivation of the figs, solves the problems of low ground temperature, late fig germination, high out-of-season cultivation heating cost and low one-year one-harvest benefit of the traditional facility soil cultivation, and achieves the aim of double-year one-harvest of the facility fig cultivation. The method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, practicability, high efficiency, low cost and the like, can obviously improve the economic benefit of fig cultivation, and has wide application prospect in the aspect of fig cultivation.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the following drawings are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an overall implementation of the method of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of a plant produced in a first crop of the method of the application.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of a plant produced in a second crop of the method of the application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and the present application may be implemented or applied by different specific embodiments, and that various modifications or changes may be made in the details of the present description based on different points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application.

Meanwhile, it should be understood that the scope of the present application is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and it should be further understood that the terminology used in the examples of the present application is for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

Where numerical ranges are provided in the examples, it is understood that unless otherwise stated herein, both endpoints of each numerical range and any number between the two endpoints are significant both in the numerical range. Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the present application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition to the specific methods, devices, materials used in the embodiments, any methods, devices, and materials of the prior art similar or equivalent to those described in the embodiments of the present application may be used to practice the present application according to the knowledge of one skilled in the art and the description of the present application. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are by weight and all instruments and reagents are commercially available or commonly used in the industry unless otherwise specified. The experimental procedures and operations in the examples below, unless otherwise specified, are all routine in the art.

Embodiment of a method for cultivating figs in greenhouse in two batches per year

The method comprises the following steps:

variety selection

The variety is preferably selected from the variety of Bo Ji Gong, bulank, mars sense pottery fen, balaonet, etc., and the tree age is more than 2 years.

(II) Container planting

The planting container is preferably selected from a non-woven bag, a root control container, a purple clay basin, etc., with a caliber of 30-45cm and a height of 25-45cm. Planting in a greenhouse in the last 2 months, trimming the root system during planting, soaking in a mixed solution of 600-800 times rooting powder and 700-800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds, and drying in the shade. Firstly filling 40% of matrixes (garden soil, organic fertilizer, organic matters and particulate matters in a mass ratio of=8:1:0.5:0.5) into a container, then placing the fig tree in the middle position of the container, filling the prepared matrixes into the container, slightly lifting the root system upwards after filling, and jolting and squatting the container, wherein the filling amount of the matrixes in the container is flush with the soil outlet position of the neck of the fig root. 1-2 arrows are inserted into each container, water is immediately poured after planting, and after 7 days, water is dripped once for Biyan+hymexazol.

(III) first crop production

Stumping fructus fici in the middle of 2 months, drying within 10cm from the container mouth, germinating young shoots, and culturing with 2 strong branches. The rapid growth period of young shoots is controlled by 400-600 times of prohexadione calcium every 10-15 days, and when the young shoots grow to 1.5m, the young shoots are cored, and after the core is cored, side buds are erased in time. The water fertilizer management is enhanced, the water-soluble fertilizer is selected as the fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early stage, the fertilizer concentration is preferably 0.2-0.3%, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the calcium fertilizer are mainly used in the middle and later stages, the fertilizer concentration is preferably 0.3-0.5%, the indoor temperature of the greenhouse in the growing period of sprouts and young shoots is controlled at 22-28 ℃, the night is controlled at 15-18 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 60% -80%, and the soil humidity is kept at 40% -60%. Ventilating when the external temperature is stable above 25 ℃ about 5 late middle ten days, and keeping the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the external temperature. And (3) pest control is carried out by adopting a yellow hanging plate, sugar vinegar liquid, an ozone generator and other modes. Fruits are ripe successively from 7 months to 8 months. The lower old leaves are removed in time during the collection, and ventilation and light transmission are maintained. A picture of the plants produced in the first crop is shown in FIG. 2.

(IV) production of second crop

Stumping the figs in middle and late 8 months, reserving 2-3 buds on each fruiting branch, re-cutting, reserving 1-2 new fruiting branches with proper azimuth and space on each branch after germination, and erasing the rest. Water and fertilizer management cultivation management measures such as temperature and humidity regulation and the like are the same as those of the first crop production. And (5) timely buckling the greenhouse to heat according to the temperature change condition in the late 10 months. Fruits are mature successively from 1 month to 2 months. The picture of the plants produced in the second crop is shown in figure 3.

Fig cultivation comparative test:

variety selection

The variety is selected from large fruit type variety wave Ji Gong with purple peel and red pulp, the diameter of the seedling is 2.5cm, the root system is complete, no mechanical injury or plant diseases and insect pests exist, and the tree age is 3 years.

(II) planting

(1) Field planting

Planting in the field in the late 4 months, digging a planting pit with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 40cm during planting. In the north-south direction, the plant row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 2m. The root system of the fig is dressed before planting, and then soaked in the mixed solution of 800 times rooting powder and 800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and dried in the shade. The fig tree is placed in the middle of the planting pit during planting, backfilling soil in the planting pit, and slightly lifting the root system upwards while backfilling, so that the root system is fully stretched, and the backfilling soil is leveled with the original soil outlet position of the neck of the fig root after compacting and treading. Watering once after planting, and irrigating once in root zone after 7 days by 25000 times of Bidada and 800 times of 30% hymexazol.

(2) Greenhouse planting

Planting in a greenhouse in the late 3 months, digging a planting pit with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 40cm during planting. In the north-south direction, the plant row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 2m. The root system of the fig is dressed before planting, and then soaked in the mixed solution of 800 times rooting powder and 800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and dried in the shade. The fig tree is placed in the middle of the planting pit during planting, backfilling soil in the planting pit, and slightly lifting the root system upwards while backfilling, so that the root system is fully stretched, and the backfilling soil is leveled with the original soil outlet position of the neck of the fig root after compacting and treading. Watering once after planting, and irrigating once in root zone after 7 days by 25000 times of Bidada and 800 times of 30% hymexazol.

(3) Greenhouse and container planting

The planting container is a nonwoven fabric bag of 35cm×40cm (caliber×height). Planting is started in the greenhouse in the last ten days of 2 months, and the plant row spacing is 1.0m multiplied by 0.4m. The root system is dressed during planting, and then soaked in the mixed solution of 800 times rooting powder and 800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and dried in the shade. Filling 40% of matrix (garden soil: decomposed sheep manure: straw crushed material: river sand mass ratio=8:1:0.5:0.5) into a non-woven fabric bag, placing the fig tree in the middle position of the non-woven fabric bag, filling the non-woven fabric bag with the prepared matrix, slightly lifting the root system upwards after filling, and jolt-compacting, wherein the filling amount of the matrix in the non-woven fabric bag is flush with the soil outlet position of the fig root neck. 1 arrow drop was inserted into each container, immediately after planting, water was poured through, and after 7 days, water was applied once with 25000 times of Biqing and 800 times of 30% hymexazol.

(III) production

(1) Field production

And (5) stumping the figs at the beginning of 5 months, and selecting and reserving 2 strong branches for culturing after the figs start to sprout. The young shoots are controlled to be vigorous by 500 times of prohexadione calcium every 15 days in the rapid growth period, when the young shoots grow to 1.8m, the young shoots are cored, and after the core is cored, the side buds are erased in time. The water fertilizer management is enhanced, the fertilizer is water-soluble fertilizer, the early stage is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the mu application amount is 15kg, the middle and later stages are mainly phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, and the mu application amount is 25kg. The water content of the soil is kept at 60%. And (5) pest control is carried out by adopting a yellow hanging plate, sweet and sour liquid and other modes. The fruit begins to ripen in late 8 months. The lower old leaves are removed in time during the collection, and ventilation and light transmission are maintained.

(2) Greenhouse production

And (4) stumping the figs at the beginning of 4 months, and selecting and reserving 2 strong branches for culturing after the figs start to sprout. The young shoots are controlled to be vigorous by 500 times of prohexadione calcium every 10 days in the rapid growth period, when the young shoots grow to 2.0m, the young shoots are picked, and after the young shoots are picked, side buds are erased in time. The water fertilizer management is enhanced, the fertilizer is water-soluble fertilizer, the early stage is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the mu application amount is 15kg, the middle and later stages are mainly phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, and the mu application amount is 25kg. The water content of the soil is kept at 60%. And (3) pest control is carried out by adopting a yellow hanging plate, sugar vinegar liquid, an ozone generator and other modes. The fruit begins to ripen in mid-6 months. The lower old leaves are removed in time during the collection, and ventilation and light transmission are maintained.

(3) Greenhouse + container production

(A) Production of first stubble

Stumping fructus fici in the middle of 2 months, drying within 10cm from the container mouth, germinating young shoots, and culturing with 2 strong branches. The young shoots are controlled to be vigorous by 500 times of prohexadione calcium every 10 days in the rapid growth period, when the young shoots grow to 1.5m, the young shoots are picked, and after the young shoots are picked, side buds are erased in time. The water fertilizer management is enhanced, the fertilizer is water-soluble fertilizer, the early stage is mainly nitrogen fertilizer with the concentration of 0.2%, the middle and later stages are mainly phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer with the concentration of 0.4%, the indoor temperature of the greenhouse in the growing period of sprouts and young shoots is controlled at 26 ℃, the night is controlled at 18 ℃, the air humidity is kept at 70%, and the soil humidity is kept at 50%. Ventilating when the external temperature is stable above 25 ℃ about 5 late middle ten days, and keeping the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the external temperature. And (3) pest control is carried out by adopting a yellow hanging plate, sugar vinegar liquid, an ozone generator and other modes. Fruits are ripe successively from 7 months to 8 months. The lower old leaves are removed in time during the collection, and ventilation and light transmission are maintained.

(B) Production of second crop

Stumping the figs in middle and late 8 months, reserving 2-3 buds on each fruiting branch, carrying out secondary shearing, reserving 2 new fruiting branches with proper azimuth and space on each branch after germination, and completely erasing the rest. Water and fertilizer management cultivation management measures such as temperature and humidity regulation and the like are the same as those of the first crop production. And (5) timely buckling the greenhouse to heat according to the temperature change condition in the late 10 months. Fruits are mature successively from 1 month to 2 months.

The cultivation results of the three production modes are shown in the following table:

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the application in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application, unless they depart from the technical substance of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse, characterized in that the method comprises:

S1. Container planting: Select planting containers and fig plants, start planting in the greenhouse in early February, trim the root system of the fig plants during planting, and then soak them in a mixture of rooting powder and chlorothalonil. After drying in the shade, plant the fig plants in the container, water them thoroughly immediately after planting, and drip-irrigate with plant growth regulators and fungicides after 7 days;

S2. First production: In mid-February, the figs are cut flat and fixed, and strong branches are selected for cultivation after new shoots sprout. During the rapid growth period of new shoots, 400-600 times of calcium cyclohexadione is used to control growth every 10-15 days. When the new shoots grow to 1.5m, they are topped and the side buds are removed after topping. The fruits mature in July and August.

S3. Second production: In mid-to-late August, the figs are pruned flat, and each fruiting branch is heavily pruned with 2-3 buds left. After budding, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientation and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and the rest are all removed. In late October, the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised according to the temperature changes. The fruits will mature in January and February of the following year.

2. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the planting container in step S1 is a non-woven bag, a root control container or a purple clay pot; the diameter of the planting container is 30-45 cm and the height is 25-45 cm.

3. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the fig plants described in step S1 are 2 years old or perennial.

4. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the soaking treatment in the mixed solution of rooting powder and thiophanate-methyl in step S1 comprises: soaking the roots of the fig plants in the mixed solution of 600-800 times rooting powder and 700-800 times thiophanate-methyl for 30 seconds and then taking them out;

The step of planting the fig plant in the container comprises: firstly filling the container with 40% of the substrate, then placing the fig plant in the middle of the container, and then filling the container with the remaining substrate, and after filling, slightly lifting the root system of the fig plant upwards, and compacting it by shaking, so that the amount of the substrate filled in the container is flush with the position where the root neck of the fig plant emerges from the ground;

The plant growth regulator and fungicide for drip irrigation comprises: drip irrigation with 25,000 times of Bihu and 800 times of 30% oxazolidinone.

5. The cultivation method of greenhouse figs twice a year according to claim 4, characterized in that the matrix is composed of the following raw materials in mass ratio:

Garden soil: organic fertilizer: organic matter: particulate matter = 8:1:0.5:0.5.

6. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the stem fixing in step S2 is carried out within 10 cm from the container opening.

7. The cultivation method of greenhouse figs twice a year according to claim 1, characterized in that step S2 also includes:

In the early stage of the first crop, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.2-0.3%;

In the middle and late stages of the first crop, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer should be applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.3-0.5%;

When the outside temperature is stable above 25℃, ventilate to keep the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the outside;

Pest and disease control is carried out by hanging yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid or ozone generator.

8. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the first production in step S2, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-28° C. during the germination and new shoot growth period during the day and at 15-18° C. at night, the air humidity is maintained at 60%-80%, and the soil moisture is maintained at 40%-60%.

9. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the water and fertilizer management and temperature and humidity control cultivation management measures for the second production in step S3 are exactly the same as those for the first production in step S2.

10. Application of the twice-a-year cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in fig tree cultivation and production.