CN119703627A - Surface hardening method for screw drilling tool universal joint and related universal joint - Google Patents
Surface hardening method for screw drilling tool universal joint and related universal joint Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种螺杆钻具万向节的表面硬化方法及相关万向节。所述方法包括：对经过粗车的万向节毛坯进行调质处理和精加工，得到万向节本体；对万向节本体进行预热后，点焊镍基钎料包裹的钨钴合金块至万向节本体一端的耐磨接触面上；对耐磨接触面喷焊镍碳化钨粉末及镍包碳化硼的复合粉，形成耐磨接触面上的硬化层；冷却后将喷焊工作面磨削至设计尺寸；检查磨削后喷焊工作面的孔隙，将镍碳化钨粉末及镍包碳化硼的复合粉填充于孔隙处，加热融化以封填孔隙；冷却后将万向节精磨至设计尺寸。本发明极大地提高了万向节的耐磨性能和抗冲击断裂性能，使其能配合其它耐350℃高温的螺杆钻具部件，共同组成耐350℃高温的螺杆钻具。
The invention discloses a surface hardening method for a screw drill universal joint and a related universal joint. The method comprises: performing quenching and tempering treatment and fine machining on a rough-turned universal joint blank to obtain a universal joint body; after preheating the universal joint body, spot welding a tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped with a nickel-based brazing filler metal to a wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint body; spray welding nickel tungsten carbide powder and a composite powder of nickel-coated boron carbide on the wear-resistant contact surface to form a hardened layer on the wear-resistant contact surface; after cooling, grinding the spray-welded working surface to the designed size; checking the pores of the spray-welded working surface after grinding, filling the pores with nickel tungsten carbide powder and the composite powder of nickel-coated boron carbide, heating and melting to seal the pores; after cooling, fine grinding the universal joint to the designed size. The invention greatly improves the wear resistance and impact fracture resistance of the universal joint, so that it can cooperate with other screw drill components resistant to 350°C to form a screw drill resistant to 350°C.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling engineering technical equipment, in particular to a surface hardening method of a screw drilling tool universal joint and a related universal joint.
Background
The universal joint of the transmission part of the screw drilling tool is a key part of the screw drilling tool transmission, the wear resistance is improved by adopting a heat treatment process that carburized steel is quenched and tempered after long-time carburization in the current manufacturing process, the material structure grains are coarse due to long-time high-temperature heating in the heat treatment process, the impact resistance is poor, the universal joint part is easy to break, the corrosion and abrasion resistance is insufficient, the service life is generally short, and the universal joint is a short plate of the whole service life of the screw drilling tool.
The universal joint manufactured by the prior art cannot meet the high-temperature drilling requirement. The surface wear-resistant layer of the universal joint part subjected to surface hardening treatment by the prior heat treatment process is a carburized structure, the carburized structure is subjected to structure transformation in an environment exceeding 200 ℃ for more than a few hours, the hardness of the carburized layer starts to be reduced, and when the temperature exceeds 250 ℃, the hardness of the carburized layer is reduced sharply, so that the wear resistance of the carburized layer is reduced sharply, and the universal joint is not wear-resistant, and is broken. Therefore, current universal joint parts produced by carburizing and quenching and tempering case hardening processes cannot be used for a long time in working environments exceeding 200 ℃.
With the development of drilling to deep and ultra-deep layers, the well temperature is mostly over 200 ℃, especially the geothermal drilling temperature is higher, and the requirements on the temperature resistance and the wear resistance of all parts of downhole tools and screw drilling tools are higher. For example, it is generally required to maintain the joint parts with sufficient strength, impact resistance, wear resistance in a long-term working environment at well temperatures below 350 ℃ to ensure a sufficiently high service life and reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventors of the present invention have found that the current market universal joints produced using existing manufacturing processes generally cannot meet the high Wen Jingkuang at temperatures exceeding 350 ℃.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a case hardening method of a screw drilling tool joint and a related joint that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface hardening method for a screw drilling tool universal joint, including:
quenching and tempering and finishing are carried out on the universal joint blank subjected to rough turning to obtain a universal joint body;
after preheating the universal joint body, spot welding a tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal onto a wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint body;
Spraying nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder on the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint body after spot welding treatment to form a hardening layer on the wear-resistant contact surface;
Grinding the spray welding working surface to the designed size after cooling;
checking the holes of the spray welding working surface after grinding, filling nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder in the holes, and heating and melting to seal the holes;
and (5) after cooling, finely grinding the whole universal joint to the design size.
In one embodiment, the welding the tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the wear-resistant contact surface of one end of the universal joint body comprises:
and (3) distributing and spot-welding a plurality of tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint one by one, so that the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks are fixed on the wear-resistant contact surface in a mode of uniformly distributing teeth.
In one embodiment, the arrangement density of the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal is not more than 50%, and the arrangement density is the ratio of the total arrangement area of the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the area of the wear-resistant contact surface.
In one embodiment, the nickel-based solder-wrapped tungsten-cobalt alloy block is made of a nickel-based solder-wrapped YG8 alloy block;
and (3) spot-welding the tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, melting the bottom of the nickel-based brazing filler metal to be welded with the universal joint body, and fixing the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal on the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint.
In one embodiment, the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint body after the spot welding treatment is sprayed with nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder, which comprises:
Heating the nickel-based solder wrapped pieces of YG8 alloy to about 350 ℃;
carrying out spray welding on NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder with the thickness of about 0.12-0.15mm on the surface and the periphery of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and taking the powder as a pre-protection layer;
heating the universal joint body to 650-700 ℃ from one end of the spray welding surface;
Starting from one end of the spray welding surface, performing spray welding NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder on a gap of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the height of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and melting the YG8 alloy block to a molten mirror surface state, and continuously repeating until the end of the spray welding surface is reached;
the YG8 alloy block is not exposed to air in the spray welding process, and the whole temperature of the universal joint body is not more than 620 ℃.
In one embodiment, during spray welding, a powder feeding switch of a spray gun is intermittently turned on to feed powder, the angle between a nozzle of the spray gun and a spray welding surface is 80-90 degrees, the pressure of oxygen used is 0.45-0.50MPa, the pressure of acetylene used is about 0.04MPa, the linear distance between the nozzle and the spray welding surface is about 20-25mm, and the moving speed of the nozzle is 5-8 m/min.
In one embodiment, the composite powder of nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide is heated and melted by laser radiation to seal the pores, and the universal joint after the pores are sealed is put into a box-type resistance furnace or lime cotton at about 200 ℃ for slow cooling until the universal joint is slowly cooled to room temperature and then discharged from the furnace.
In one embodiment, the preheating the gimbal body includes:
The box-type resistance furnace with inert protective atmosphere is adopted to preheat the universal joint body, the inert protective gas is firstly introduced to empty the air in the furnace, then the temperature is raised to 250-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours.
In one embodiment, the tempering of the rough-machined universal joint blank includes:
Heating the universal joint body to 860+/-5 ℃ through a heating furnace, and transferring the universal joint body into quick quenching oil or a water-based quenching medium for quick cooling after heat preservation through a heat preservation process of 860+/-5 ℃ and heat preservation time of 1.5 hours, so that the universal joint body is quickly cooled to room temperature;
And (3) transferring the universal joint body into a heating furnace again within 2 hours, heating to 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ again, and rapidly transferring the universal joint body into a cooling water tank with the water temperature below 30 ℃ for cooling to the room temperature after the heat preservation process of keeping the temperature of 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ for 2 hours.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a screw drilling tool joint made by a case hardening method as described above.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
According to the surface hardening method of the screw drilling tool universal joint and the related universal joint, the traditional method for improving the wear resistance by adopting a carburizing steel carburization mode is abandoned, a tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal is welded on a wear-resistant contact surface in a spot welding mode, then nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder are welded in a spray welding mode to form a hardening layer on the wear-resistant contact surface, the hardening layer has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and strength, the screw drilling tool universal joint subjected to surface treatment by the surface hardening method can avoid the problems that the working condition exceeds 250 ℃ and the surface hardening layer is rapidly softened, and the problems that crystal grains are thick and easy to break after long-time high-temperature carburization treatment of a traditional universal joint base material are overcome. The screw rod drilling tool can be matched with other screw rod drilling tool components resistant to high temperature of 350 ℃, can jointly form a screw rod drilling tool resistant to the high temperature of 350 ℃, and greatly improves the wear resistance and the impact fracture resistance of universal joints in the screw rod drilling tool.
The embodiment of the invention provides a wear-resistant universal joint with longer service life for exploration and development of high-temperature and ultra-high-temperature well screw drilling tools, and has wide application prospects in the field of ultra-deep well exploration and development.
The long-life screw rod can be further popularized and applied to long-life screw rod drilling tools, the service life of the long-life screw rod can be greatly prolonged, and the efficiency of drilling operation can be greatly improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1A is a schematic view of the overall structure of a gimbal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1B is a schematic view of a cross section of a gimbal A-A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tooth arrangement of section A-A in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an expanded view of a uniformly distributed teeth of a YG8 alloy block wrapped by nickel-based solder in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a nickel-based solder-wrapped YG8 alloy block according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gimbal blank in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a temperature profile of a universal joint body tempering process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a partial spray welding of a nickel-based solder-wrapped YG8 alloy block in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a surface hardening method of a screw drilling tool universal joint, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out quenching and tempering treatment and finish machining on a universal joint blank subjected to rough turning to obtain a universal joint body;
S2, after preheating the universal joint body, spot welding a tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by a nickel-based brazing filler metal onto a wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint body;
s3, spraying and welding nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder on the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint body after the point welding treatment to form a hardening layer on the wear-resistant contact surface;
S4, grinding the spray welding working surface to the designed size after cooling;
S5, checking holes of the spray welding working surface after grinding, filling nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder in the holes, and heating and melting to seal the holes;
s6, after cooling, the whole universal joint is finely ground to the designed size.
In the step S2, the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal are spot welded to the wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint body, for example, the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal can be distributed and spot welded to the wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint one by one, so that the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks are fixed on the wear-resistant contact surface in a mode of uniformly distributing teeth.
In one embodiment, the arrangement density of the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal is not more than 50%, and the arrangement density is the ratio of the total arrangement area of the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the area of the wear-resistant contact surface.
In one embodiment, the tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal is made of YG8 alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal;
and (3) spot-welding the tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, melting the bottom of the nickel-based brazing filler metal to be welded with the universal joint body, and fixing the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal on the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint.
Referring to FIG. 1A, for example, a gimbal includes a wear-resistant contact surface 1-1, a gimbal body 1-2, and a taper thread 1-3. Referring to fig. 1B, which is a sectional view of fig. 1A in the direction A-A, the wear-resistant contact surface 1-1 is a surface to be welded of a spray-welded hardened layer, that is, a wear-resistant contact surface formed on the joint body 1-2. The wear-resistant contact surface 1-1 is composed of YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal, and composite powder 2-3 of molten NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and trace nickel-coated boron carbide, and is a wear-resistant working surface of a universal joint.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tooth arrangement of section A-A of FIG. 1A, which is composed of YG8 alloy blocks 4-1, body contact surfaces 4-2 and a universal joint body 1-2, which are uniformly distributed and wrapped by nickel-based solder. Namely, the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal is spot welded to the surface of the body contact surface 4-2 to form a distributed tooth distribution form.
Fig. 3 is a development view of the uniformly distributed teeth of the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based solder shown in fig. 2. The YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by nickel-based solder and the body contact surface 4-2. The YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based solder are uniformly distributed and fixed on the surface of the body contact surface 4-2 in a spot welding mode.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the nickel-based solder-coated YG8 alloy block 4-1. Consists of YG8 alloy blocks 5-2 and nickel-based solder 5-1. When the YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal are subjected to spot welding according to the tooth arrangement diagram shown in fig. 3, the bottom part of the nickel-based brazing filler metal 5-1 is partially melted and welded with the body contact surface 4-2, so that the YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal are fixed on the surface of the body contact surface 4-2.
In one embodiment, the step S3 is implemented by spraying and welding the nickel tungsten carbide powder and the composite powder of nickel-coated boron carbide on the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint body after the spot welding treatment, specifically by the following steps:
Heating the nickel-based solder wrapped pieces of YG8 alloy to about 350 ℃;
carrying out spray welding on NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder with the thickness of about 0.12-0.15mm on the surface and the periphery of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and taking the powder as a pre-protection layer;
heating the universal joint body to 650-700 ℃ from one end of the spray welding surface;
Starting from one end of the spray welding surface, performing spray welding NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder on a gap of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the height of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and melting the YG8 alloy block to a molten mirror surface state, and continuously repeating until the end of the spray welding surface is reached;
the YG8 alloy block is not exposed to air in the spray welding process, and the whole temperature of the universal joint body is not more than 620 ℃.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the nickel-based solder-coated YG8 alloy block 4-1. Consists of YG8 alloy blocks 5-2 and nickel-based solder 5-1. When the YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal are subjected to spot welding according to the tooth arrangement diagram shown in fig. 3, the bottom part of the nickel-based brazing filler metal 5-1 is partially melted and welded with the body contact surface 4-2, so that the YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal are fixed on the surface of the body contact surface 4-2.
In one embodiment, during spray welding, a powder feeding switch of a spray gun is intermittently turned on to feed powder, the angle between a nozzle of the spray gun and a spray welding surface is 80-90 degrees, the pressure of oxygen used is 0.45-0.50MPa, the pressure of acetylene used is about 0.04MPa, the linear distance between the nozzle and the spray welding surface is about 20-25mm, and the moving speed of the nozzle is 5-8 m/min.
In one embodiment, in the step S5, the composite powder of the nickel tungsten carbide powder and the nickel-coated boron carbide is heated and melted by laser radiation to seal the pores, and the universal joint after sealing the pores is put into a box-type resistance furnace or lime cotton with a temperature of about 200 ℃ for slow cooling until the universal joint is slowly cooled to room temperature and then discharged from the furnace.
In one embodiment, in the step S1, the universal joint body is preheated, which may be specifically implemented by the following manner:
The box-type resistance furnace with inert protective atmosphere is adopted to preheat the universal joint body, the inert protective gas is firstly introduced to empty the air in the furnace, then the temperature is raised to 250-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours.
In one embodiment, the tempering of the rough-machined universal joint blank may be achieved by:
Heating the universal joint body to 860+/-5 ℃ through a heating furnace, and transferring the universal joint body into quick quenching oil or a water-based quenching medium for quick cooling after heat preservation through a heat preservation process of 860+/-5 ℃ and heat preservation time of 1.5 hours, so that the universal joint body is quickly cooled to room temperature;
And (3) transferring the universal joint body into a heating furnace again within 2 hours, heating to 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ again, and rapidly transferring the universal joint body into a cooling water tank with the water temperature below 30 ℃ for cooling to the room temperature after the heat preservation process of keeping the temperature of 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ for 2 hours.
For example, the matrix is made of high-strength steel containing chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other alloys through quenching and tempering to obtain sufficient mechanical properties and strength of the matrix. Uniformly distributing YG8 alloy blocks wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal with the spot welding edge length of 10mm multiplied by 10mm and the thickness of about 1.6mm on the surface of which the friction working surface occupies about 50% of the total area, spraying and welding NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder on the peripheral gaps of the YG8 alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and hardening the peripheral gaps of the YG8 alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, wherein the whole temperature of a matrix is strictly controlled in the process and does not exceed the tempering temperature in the quenching and tempering process of the matrix, so that the mechanical property and the strength of the matrix are not reduced, and the wear-resistant hardened surface with enough wear resistance and corrosion resistance is obtained. The wear-resisting property of the universal joint is greatly improved on the premise of not reducing the overall impact resistance of the steel matrix, and the wear-resisting property is suitable for 350 ℃ screw drilling tools. The embodiment of the invention aims to greatly prolong the service life of the screw drilling tool universal joint, further greatly prolong the whole service life of the screw drilling tool and improve the working efficiency of the screw drilling tool for high-temperature complex working conditions.
Embodiment one:
the universal joint processing process provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
And 5.1, rough turning the body, namely rough turning the universal joint blank into a shape shown in figure 5.
And 5.2, body tempering.
Description of the quenching and tempering process of the blank of the universal joint body 1-2:
The high-strength universal joint body 1-2 containing chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other alloys is heated to 860 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ through a high-temperature heating furnace shown in figure 6, and fully austenitized transformation of the internal structure of the universal joint body 1-2 is completed through a heat preservation process (3-2) with 860 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ and heat preservation time of 1.5 hours. Then quickly transferring into quick quenching oil or water-based quenching medium to make quick cooling process (3-3), quickly cooling universal joint body 1-2 to room temperature so as to make the internal structure of steel be maximally changed from austenite structure into martensite structure. And then transferring the martensite structure into a tempering furnace within at most 2 hours, heating the tempering furnace to 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ through a process (3-4), and preserving the heat for 2 hours through a heat preservation process (3-5) at 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ to ensure that the martensite structure is completely converted into a troostite structure as far as possible, and then transferring the troostite structure into a cooling water tank with the water temperature below 30 ℃ to perform process (3-6) cooling to room temperature, so that the segregation of impurities in the alloy at grain boundaries is reduced, and the impact toughness and strength of a workpiece are better improved.
And 5.3, finishing, namely machining the universal joint body into the shape shown in figure 1A.
5.4, Surface hardening processing.
And 5.4.1, degreasing before welding, namely strictly degreasing the front surface of the universal joint body 1-2 before spray welding. 5.4.2, preheating before welding, namely preheating the universal joint body 1-2 by adopting a box-type resistance furnace with inert protective atmosphere. During operation, inert protective gas is introduced to empty the air in the furnace, and then the temperature is raised to 250-300 ℃ and kept for 2 hours.
And 5.4.3, spot welding the hard alloy, namely taking out the insulated universal joint body 1-2 from the box-type resistance furnace with the inert protective atmosphere, rapidly transferring to a welding operation station, and performing spot welding in a mode of uniformly distributing teeth as shown in figure 3. And (3) spot welding the YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based solder on the body contact surface 4-2 in a distributed and spot welding mode at the spot welding current of 750-850A.
And 5.4.4, performing spray welding NiWC to obtain tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder after finishing the spot welding of the teeth as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
5.4.4.1 Spraying a pre-protective layer.
NiWC35 tungsten carbide dispersed spray welding powder 6-1 is added into an oxygen-acetylene flame spray gun powder tank with an alloy powder tank structure, and flame is adjusted to be neutral flame.
The matrix around the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based solder was preheated to about 350 ℃.
The oxygen pressure is 0.55-0.60MPa, the acetylene pressure is 0.05-0.06MPa, the angle between the spray gun nozzle and the spray welding surface is 80-90 degrees, the straight line distance between the nozzle and the spray welding surface is about 170-180mm, and the moving speed of the nozzle is 6-8 m/min. And carrying out spray welding on the surface and the periphery of the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to form NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder 6-1 with the thickness of 0.12-0.15mm, tightly wrapping the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and firmly welding on the body contact surface 4-2.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a portion of a nickel-based solder wrapped YG8 alloy block 4-1 spray-welded. The YG8 alloy comprises a universal joint body 1-2, a YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by nickel-based solder, and tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder 6-1 of body contact surfaces 4-2 and NiWC.
In the above embodiment:
1) In the spraying process, the YG8 alloy block 4-1 which is wrapped by the nickel-based solder is required to be tightly wrapped, so that oxidation is avoided.
2) The flame core position is required to be continuously moved during the spray welding process, so that the wrapped YG8 alloy block 5-2 is prevented from being exposed to the air, and the universal joint body 1-2 is prevented from being locally overheated.
3) And the integral temperature rise of the YG8 alloy block 5-2 and the universal joint body 1-2 is strictly controlled in the operation process. The integral temperature of the universal joint body 1-2 is not more than 620 ℃, the heating and cooling speeds of the hard alloy blocks are strictly controlled, and cracks of the YG8 alloy blocks 5-2 caused by overlarge temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the YG8 alloy blocks 5-2 are avoided.
5.4.4.2 Spray welding the hardened layer;
2-3 parts of NiWC parts of tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 parts of micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder are replaced in the powder tank of the flame spray gun.
And heating the workpiece from one end of the spray welding surface to 650-700 ℃.
Then, the flame is adjusted to be a softer neutral flame, a powder feeding switch is intermittently started to feed powder, the distance between a nozzle and a spray welding surface is 20-30mm, and the alloy block gap is sprayed and welded with NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 of micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder. Spray welding NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder 2-3 to the height of YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal, and melting the powder to be in a molten mirror shape. At this time, the flame core is moved to the next position immediately to continue spraying powder, and the powder is continuously melted, and the process is repeated until the end of the spray welding surface is reached.
In the above embodiment:
1) The YG8 alloy block 5-2 needs to be wrapped and sealed to avoid oxidation caused by direct contact with air.
2) When spraying powder, the angle between the spray gun nozzle and the spray welding surface is 80-90 degrees, the flame is adjusted to be softer neutral flame, the oxygen pressure is 0.45-0.50MPa, the acetylene pressure is about 0.04MPa, and the gas flow is slightly increased. The straight line distance between the nozzle and the spray welding surface is about 20-25mm, and the moving speed of the nozzle is 5-8 m/min.
3) The powder feeding amount of the spray gun needs to be strictly controlled, and the spray welding thickness needs to be strictly controlled.
4) And the straight line distance between the nozzle and the spray welding surface is 7-10mm during remelting, the remelting time is as short as possible, the molten mirror surface is immediately moved to the next position, and powder spraying and remelting are continued.
5) And the temperature rise of the YG8 alloy block 5-2 and the matrix is reduced as much as possible.
6) The flame core position is continuously moved in the spray welding process, so that the YG8 alloy block 5-2 and the universal joint body 1-2 are prevented from being locally overheated, and the molten surface is continuously stirred and slag and gas are discharged.
7) The overall temperature of the universal joint body 1-2 during the spraying process must not exceed 620 ℃.
8) And the heating and cooling speeds of the hard alloy are strictly controlled in the operation process, so that cracks caused by overlarge temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the YG8 alloy block 5-2 are avoided.
9) Wind prevention is noted during the operation.
And 5.5, rapidly putting the workpiece into a 200 ℃ box-type resistance furnace or lime cotton for slow cooling after the spray welding is finished.
And 5.6, slowly cooling until the temperature of the workpiece is lower than 200 ℃, and discharging and air cooling.
And 5.7, grinding the spray welding working surface of the workpiece to the designed size by adopting a diamond grinding wheel.
And 5.8, detecting the spray welding surface pores after grinding.
And 5.9, filling NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 of micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder in the positions of the spray welding surface pores.
And 5.10, heating and melting NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 composite powder of trace nickel-coated boron carbide by using laser radiation to seal pores, rapidly placing the sealed workpiece into a 200 ℃ box-type resistance furnace for slow cooling, and discharging after slow cooling to room temperature.
And 5.11, adopting a diamond grinding wheel to finely grind the hole sealing area and the whole working surface of the workpiece to the designed size.
Embodiment two:
The universal joint body is made of 30CrNi2MoV, and the material composition is as follows (weight ratio )：C％:0.28-0.33,Si％:0.15-0.35,Mn％:0.75-1.0,Cr％:0.75-1.0,Ni％:1.65-2.0,Mo％:0.35-0.50,V％:0.05-0.10,P％：≤0.015,S％:≤0.015.
The processing process flow of the universal joint provided by the second embodiment of the invention is as follows:
And 8.1, rough turning the body, namely rough turning the universal joint blank into a shape shown in figure 5.
8.2, Body tempering:
After the water-based quenching medium is cooled to room temperature after the heat preservation at 860 ℃ for 1.5 hours, the water-based quenching medium is immediately heated and preserved for 2 hours at 630 ℃, and then is rapidly cooled to room temperature in water, and the surface hardness of the quenched and tempered universal joint body 1-2 is 37-39HRC.
8.3, Finishing, namely machining the universal joint body into the shape shown in figure 1A.
8.4, Surface hardening processing.
8.4.1, Degreasing before welding, namely cleaning the universal joint body for 30 minutes by alkaline water at the temperature of 1-290 ℃ and drying for 15 minutes.
8.4.2 Preheating before welding, namely preheating the universal joint body 1-2 by adopting a box-type resistance furnace with nitrogen protective atmosphere. During operation, nitrogen is firstly introduced to empty the air in the furnace, then the temperature is raised to 300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours.
8.4.3, Spot welding hard alloy, namely taking out the insulated universal joint body 1-2 from the nitrogen atmosphere protection box type resistance furnace, rapidly transferring to a welding operation station, and performing spot welding in a mode of uniformly distributing teeth as shown in figure 3. And spot welding current 800A, namely distributing and spot-welding YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by nickel-based solder on a body contact surface 4-2 one by one, wherein tooth distribution accounts for about 40% of the surface area of a hardening surface.
8.4.4, Carrying out spray welding NiWC35 of tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder.
8.4.4.1 Spraying a pre-protective layer.
NiWC35 tungsten carbide dispersed spray welding powder 6-1 is added into an oxygen-acetylene flame spray gun powder tank with an alloy powder tank structure, and flame is adjusted to be neutral flame.
The matrix around the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based solder was preheated to about 350 ℃.
The oxygen pressure is 0.60MPa, the acetylene pressure is 0.05MPa, the angle between the spray gun nozzle and the spray welding surface is 85 degrees, the linear distance between the spray gun nozzle and the spray welding surface is about 175mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun nozzle is 6-8 m/min. And carrying out spray welding on the surface and the periphery of the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to form NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder 6-1 with the thickness of about 0.15mm, tightly wrapping the YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and firmly welding on the body contact surface 4-2.
8.4.4.2 Spray welding the hardened layer.
2-3 Parts of NiWC parts of tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 parts of micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder are replaced in the powder tank of the flame spray gun.
The workpiece is heated to about 700 ℃ from one end of the spray welding surface.
The angle between the spray gun nozzle and the spray welding surface is about 85 degrees, the flame is regulated to be a softer neutral flame, the oxygen pressure is 0.50MPa, the acetylene pressure is about 0.04MPa, and the gas flow is slightly increased. The straight line distance between the nozzle and the spray welding surface is about 20mm, and the moving speed of the nozzle is about 8 m/min.
Intermittently starting a powder feeding switch to feed powder, and performing gap spray welding NiWC on the alloy block to obtain tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 parts of composite powder of trace nickel-coated boron carbide. Spray welding NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder 2-3 to the height of YG8 alloy block 4-1 wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal, and melting the powder to be in a molten mirror shape. At this time, the flame core is moved to the next position immediately to continue spraying powder, and the powder is continuously melted, and the process is repeated until the tail end of the spray welding surface. The whole temperature of the universal joint body 1-2 is strictly controlled to be not more than 620 ℃ in the spray welding process, and the YG8 alloy blocks 5-2 cannot be directly exposed to the air.
And 8.5, rapidly putting the workpiece into a 200 ℃ box-type resistance furnace or lime cotton for slow cooling after the spray welding is finished.
And 8.6, slowly cooling until the temperature of the workpiece is lower than 200 ℃, and discharging and air cooling.
And 8.7, grinding the spray welding working surface of the workpiece to the designed size by adopting a diamond grinding wheel.
8.8, Detecting the air holes on the spray welding surface after grinding.
8.9, Filling and pre-placing NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 trace nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder at the positions of the spray welding surface pores.
8.10, Heating NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and 2-3 micro nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder to melt and seal the hole by using 1800W laser power and 2mm beam diameter laser radiation, rapidly placing the sealed workpiece into a 200 ℃ box type resistance furnace for slow cooling, and discharging after slow cooling to room temperature.
And 8.11, adopting a diamond grinding wheel to finely grind the hole sealing area and the whole working surface of the workpiece to the designed size.
In the above embodiment:
1. on the premise that the wear resistance is met, the tungsten carbide spray welding layer is as thin as possible, so that the thermal influence of the thermal spray welding process on the universal joint body is reduced, and the wear resistance requirement can be met by the final spray welding layer of 1.8 mm.
2. The spray welding process ensures that the YG8 alloy block 5-2 is not exposed to air, and the YG8 alloy block 5-2, once exposed to air, may cause surface decarburization or chipping.
3. The arrangement density of the YG8 alloy blocks 4-1 wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal is not more than 50%, the expansion of the heat affected zone of the universal joint body 1-2 easily occurs in excess of 50%, the strength of the universal joint body 1-2 is reduced, the impact resistance of the universal joint body 1-2 is reduced, and the fracture risk of the YG8 alloy blocks 5-2 is increased.
4. The remelting time of the hardening layer should be as short as possible, the hardening layer should be immediately moved to the next position after the molten mirror surface appears, powder spraying and remelting are continued, otherwise, the remelting position is overtemperature, the strength of the universal joint body 1-2 is reduced, the impact resistance of the universal joint body 1-2 is reduced, and the cracking risk of the YG8 alloy block 5-2 is increased.
According to the surface hardening method of the screw drilling tool universal joint and the related universal joint, the traditional method for improving the wear resistance by adopting a carburizing steel carburization mode is abandoned, a tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal is welded on a wear-resistant contact surface in a spot welding mode, then nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder are welded in a spray welding mode to form a hardening layer on the wear-resistant contact surface, the hardening layer has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and strength, the screw drilling tool universal joint subjected to surface treatment by the surface hardening method can avoid the problems that the working condition exceeds 250 ℃ and the surface hardening layer is rapidly softened, and the problems that crystal grains are thick and easy to break after long-time high-temperature carburization treatment of a traditional universal joint base material are overcome. The screw drilling tool can be matched with other screw drilling tool components resistant to high temperature of 350 ℃, can jointly form a screw drilling tool resistant to the high temperature of 350 ℃, and greatly improves the wear resistance and the impact fracture resistance of the universal joint.
The embodiment of the invention provides a wear-resistant universal joint with longer service life for exploration and development of high-temperature and ultra-high-temperature well screw drilling tools, and has wide application prospects in the field of ultra-deep well exploration and development.
The long-life screw rod can be further popularized and applied to long-life screw rod drilling tools, the service life of the long-life screw rod can be greatly prolonged, and the efficiency of drilling operation can be greatly improved.
The test piece is tempered at the high temperature of 620 ℃ and the integral strength of the universal joint body is not reduced under the theoretical temperature of 630 ℃. The tungsten carbide spray welding layer cannot lose efficacy and soften below 350 ℃, and the requirement of the high Wen Jingkuang below 350 ℃ on the screw drilling tool is completely met.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method of hard facing a screw drilling tool joint, comprising:
quenching and tempering and finishing are carried out on the universal joint blank subjected to rough turning to obtain a universal joint body;
after preheating the universal joint body, spot welding a tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by nickel-based brazing filler metal onto a wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint body;
Spraying nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder on the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint body after spot welding treatment to form a hardening layer on the wear-resistant contact surface;
Grinding the spray welding working surface to the designed size after cooling;
checking the holes of the spray welding working surface after grinding, filling nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder in the holes, and heating and melting to seal the holes;
and (5) after cooling, finely grinding the whole universal joint to the design size.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein spot welding the nickel-based braze wrapped tungsten-cobalt alloy block to the wear-resistant interface of one end of the gimbal body comprises:
and (3) distributing and spot-welding a plurality of tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the wear-resistant contact surface at one end of the universal joint one by one, so that the tungsten-cobalt alloy blocks are fixed on the wear-resistant contact surface in a mode of uniformly distributing teeth.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the arrangement density of the plurality of nickel-based solder-wrapped tungsten-cobalt alloy pieces is no more than 50%, the arrangement density being a ratio of a total arrangement area of the nickel-based solder-wrapped tungsten-cobalt alloy pieces to an area of the wear-resistant contact surface.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the nickel-based solder-wrapped tungsten-cobalt alloy block is made from a nickel-based solder-wrapped YG8 alloy block;
and (3) spot-welding the tungsten-cobalt alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, melting the bottom of the nickel-based brazing filler metal to be welded with the universal joint body, and fixing the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal on the wear-resistant contact surface of the universal joint.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the spray welding the composite powder of nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel coated boron carbide on the wear-resistant contact surface of the gimbal body after the spot welding process comprises:
Heating the nickel-based solder wrapped pieces of YG8 alloy to about 350 ℃;
carrying out spray welding on NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder with the thickness of about 0.12-0.15mm on the surface and the periphery of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and taking the powder as a pre-protection layer;
heating the universal joint body to 650-700 ℃ from one end of the spray welding surface;
Starting from one end of the spray welding surface, performing spray welding NiWC tungsten carbide dispersion type spray welding powder and nickel-coated boron carbide composite powder on a gap of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal to the height of the YG8 alloy block wrapped by the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and melting the YG8 alloy block to a molten mirror surface state, and continuously repeating until the end of the spray welding surface is reached;
the YG8 alloy block is not exposed to air in the spray welding process, and the whole temperature of the universal joint body is not more than 620 ℃.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the spray gun is intermittently turned on to deliver powder by a powder delivery switch of the spray gun, the spray gun has a nozzle angle of 80-90 ° with the spray surface, the oxygen pressure of 0.45-0.50MPa is used, the acetylene pressure is about 0.04MPa, the linear distance between the nozzle and the spray surface is about 20-25mm, and the nozzle moving speed is 5-8 m/min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite powder of nickel tungsten carbide powder and nickel coated boron carbide is heated by laser radiation to melt and seal the pores, and the universal joint after sealing the pores is placed in a box-type resistance furnace or lime cotton at about 200 ℃ for slow cooling until the universal joint is slowly cooled to room temperature and then discharged from the furnace.
8. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein preheating the gimbal body comprises:
The box-type resistance furnace with inert protective atmosphere is adopted to preheat the universal joint body, the inert protective gas is firstly introduced to empty the air in the furnace, then the temperature is raised to 250-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours.
9. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein quenching and tempering the rough-machined joint blank comprises:
Heating the universal joint body to 860+/-5 ℃ through a heating furnace, and transferring the universal joint body into quick quenching oil or a water-based quenching medium for quick cooling after heat preservation through a heat preservation process of 860+/-5 ℃ and heat preservation time of 1.5 hours, so that the universal joint body is quickly cooled to room temperature;
And (3) transferring the universal joint body into a heating furnace again within 2 hours, heating to 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ again, and rapidly transferring the universal joint body into a cooling water tank with the water temperature below 30 ℃ for cooling to the room temperature after the heat preservation process of keeping the temperature of 630 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ for 2 hours.
10. A universal joint for a screw drilling tool, characterized in that the universal joint is manufactured by a surface hardening method of a screw drilling tool universal joint according to any one of claims 1-9.
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