CN1196021C - Chalcogenide glass based Raman optical amplifier - Google Patents
Chalcogenide glass based Raman optical amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN1196021C CN1196021C CN01125851.9A CN01125851A CN1196021C CN 1196021 C CN1196021 C CN 1196021C CN 01125851 A CN01125851 A CN 01125851A CN 1196021 C CN1196021 C CN 1196021C
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- light
- chalcogenide glass
- waveguide
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- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims description 61
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- OCVXZQOKBHXGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine(1+) Chemical compound [I+] OCVXZQOKBHXGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
- H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/17—Solid materials amorphous, e.g. glass
- H01S3/171—Solid materials amorphous, e.g. glass chalcogenide glass
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
An optical amplifier includes a chalcogenide glass optical waveguide having optical input and output ports, coupled to the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide, a pump optical waveguide, and a wavelength-tunable pump laser. The pump optical waveguide couples the wavelength-tunable pump laser to the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide.
Description
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/228 of proposition on August 29th, 2000,665 right.
Background of invention
Invention field
The present invention relates to Raman optical amplifier.
Description of related art
For compensate for attenuation, usually provide amplification with even interval in the optical communication system to light signal along optical delivery fiber.Can amplify by producing, perhaps produce and amplify by amplifier based on Raman effect based on amplifier as the rare earth element of erbium and ytterbium.Because they are to the dependence of selected atomic energy level transition, so the rare earth amplifier has limited bandwidth.Amplify the discrete wavelength place that occurs in corresponding to selected atomic transition.Wide wavestrip Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is the improvement to the rare earth amplifier to a certain extent, makes these rare earth amplifiers can drive some wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) optic network.On the other hand, Raman amplifier is that nature is tunable, can provide amplification to the wavelength in the wide wavestrip.In this amplifier, produce a wavelength by tuning pump laser, make can produce the Stimulated Raman emission, thereby select to amplify wavelength simply at this selected wavelength place.Raman amplifier covers wideer spectral range than rare earth amplifier.In addition, Raman amplifier has the noise lower than rare earth amplifier.These advantages make Raman amplifier more meet the needs of long-range wdm system, and transmission bandwidth may be very wide in long-range wdm system.
Yet traditional Raman amplifier has quite low gain.In this amplifier, light signal must pass usually one long and obtained suitable amplification by the amplifier optical fiber of heavy pumping.For example, in order to produce the amplification of 20-dB, some traditional Raman fiber amplifier uses the amplifier optical fiber of 10 to 100 kms (km) and the pump light of 300 to 1000 milliwatts (mW).The high pumping luminous power needs expensive pump laser, and makes the job costs of pump laser increase.Therefore, need a kind of Raman amplifier based on shorter amplifier optical fiber and low pump power.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect, of the present inventionly be characterized as a kind of optical amplifier, comprise that one has the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide of light input end and output terminal, a pump light waveguide, and a tunable wave length pump laser.By the pump light waveguide this tunable wave length pump laser is coupled on this chalcogenide glass optical waveguide.
According to second aspect, of the present inventionly be characterized as a kind of method that light is amplified.This method comprises the tunable pump laser of tuning wavelength producing pump light, along with in the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide to the reception of light of selected wavelengths, this pumping light wavelength can produce Raman's amplification in the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide.This method also comprises pump light is sent to the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide, and the input light-receiving that will have a selected wavelength is in the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide.This method can be amplified at least 40 decibels by every km waveguide, every 100mW pumping light power with input light.
According to the 3rd aspect, of the present inventionly be characterized as a kind of optical communication system.This system comprises that a plurality of quartz glass optical fibers and at least one are coupling in two Raman amplifiers between the quartz glass optical fiber.Raman amplifier of the present invention comprises that one connects chalcogenide glass optical waveguide, a pump light waveguide and a tunable wave length pump laser of two silica fibres.By the pump light waveguide this pump laser is coupled on this chalcogenide glass optical waveguide.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 has provided an example of Raman amplifier;
Fig. 2 has provided another example of Raman amplifier;
Fig. 3 has provided the cross-sectional view of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber that is used for some embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2 Raman amplifier;
Fig. 4 has provided a part of using the optical communication network of Raman amplifier among Fig. 1 or 2;
Fig. 5 has provided the process flow diagram of the method that the Raman amplifier that uses among Fig. 1 or 2 amplifies light;
Fig. 6 and 7 has provided in the method shown in Figure 5 graph of relation between the pump light wavelength and input optical wavelength;
Fig. 8 has provided the equipment of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber that is used for drawing some embodiment that is used for Raman amplifier shown in Fig. 1 and 2;
Fig. 9 has provided the process flow diagram of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber of some embodiment that is used for making Raman amplifier shown in Fig. 1 and 2.
The detailed description of invention
By using the optics amplifying medium of being made rather than being made by quartzy or other oxide glasses by chalcogenide glass, each embodiment of the present invention provides improved Raman to amplify.
Fig. 1 has provided an example of Raman amplifier 10, and wherein Wavelength tunable laser 12 is coupled to an input end of chalcogenide glass amplifier waveguide 14 by one 2 * 1 optical connector 16.The feasible amplification to light of the wavelength tuning ability of pump laser 12 is broadband, does not resemble traditional amplifier based on rare earth, because it is non-adjustable to amplify wavelength, thereby pumping source is not a tunable wave length.In different embodiment, amplifier medium 14 or optical fiber perhaps are planar waveguide.
By using a kind of chalcogenide glass amplifying medium, Raman amplifier 10 has improved gain, makes the gain of gain greater than the quartz glass Raman amplifier.Be appreciated that the reason that this gain improves from the approximate formula of the Raman gain G of waveguide.This formulate is G=K ' e
GILWherein, " g " is raman gain coefficient, and L is the length of amplifier waveguide, and I is the pumping light intensity.Raman gain cross section and Ke Er coefficient n
2Be directly proportional.Thereby Raman gain (G) depends on Ke Er coefficient n by index law
2Product with pumping light intensity I.
To n
2The dependence by index law show that many chalcogenide glasss will produce bigger gain than quartz glass, because the n of chalcogenide glass
2N than quartz glass
2Much bigger.For example, the n of some selenium compound chalcogenide glass
2Approximately be the n of quartz glass
250 to 1000 times, i.e. n
2At least be 50 or 200 times of doped silica glass not.Raman amplifier 10 uses a kind of high n
2Chalcogenide glass as the light core of amplifier waveguide 14.
Gain (G) formula also provides a kind of guidance of definite chalcogenide glass fiber lengths, because product LIn is depended in whole amplifications
2For example, be approximately (10 km) identical amplification of quartzy Raman amplifier (500mw) with LI in order to produce, the length that Raman amplifier 10 is required and the product of power only are 25000 to 5000m-mW.Because the n that chalcogenide glass increases
2Value has multiple amplifier to use length less than 500 meters chalcogenide optical fiber and the pump power that the produced pump light source less than 500-mW.For example the pumping source of a chalcogenide optical fiber of one 100 meters long and a 50-250mW can produce the amplification that the quartzy Raman amplifier optical fiber of one 10 km (Km) and 500-mW pumping source are produced.
At this, chalcogenide glass is defined as a kind of amorphous material of launching visible and near infrared light, comprises selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and/or the compound formed of sulphur (S) and other one or more elements.Se, Te, and/or total molar percentage of S is generally at least 25%.In compound, other elements comprise germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), tin (Sb), thallium (Ti), plumbous (Pb), phosphorus (P), gallium (Ga), indium (In), lanthanum (La), silicon (Si), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and rare earth element.Different with standard quartz optical glass, chalcogenide glass is not an oxide glass.
Fig. 2 has provided another embodiment of Raman amplifier 10 ', and wherein tunable wave length pump laser 12 is coupled to an end of chalcogenide glass amplifier waveguide 14, and input waveguide 18 is coupled to the other end of chalcogenide glass amplifier waveguide 14.In amplifier 10 ', pump light and input light reverse transfer in amplifier waveguide 14 make pump light can not appear in the output waveguide 20.
In some embodiment of amplifier shown in Fig. 1 and 2 10 or 10 ', waveguide 14 is a chalcogenide glass optical fiber.Fig. 3 is for using the cross-sectional view of chalcogenide glass amplifier optical fiber 26 in these embodiments.Optical fiber 26 comprises a chalcogenide glass core 27 and a chalcogenide glass covering 28.The diameter of core 27 is approximately 2-14 micron (μ m), and preferably core diameter is less than about 5 μ m.The external diameter of covering 28 is approximately 120-130 μ m.
Core 27 and covering 28 are made by the chalcogenide glass that comprises different chemical composition, make that at the interface place of core-covering refractive index taking place becomes more.In order to make the light experiences total internal reflection of transmission in the amplifier optical fiber 26, the refractive index n of core 27
CoreRefractive index n greater than covering 28
CladdingIn order to guarantee to be the single mode operation in amplifier optical fiber 26, optical fiber 26 is single mode, and the refractive index at core-covering interface place becomes more, i.e. Δ=[n
Core-n
Cladding]/n
CladdingBetween 1% to 5%, V
NumberLess than about 2.4.Herein, V
Number=(π D/ λ) n
Core 2-n
Cladding 2)
1/2, D is a core diameter, the optical wavelength of λ for being transmitted in amplifier optical fiber 26.In wdm system, λ is between about 1.3 to 1.6 microns.
For example, core 27 can be by As
40Se
60Glass is made, and its refractive index is approximately 2.7, and covering 28 can be by As
40S
60Make, its refractive index is approximately 2.4.So, Δ=1.25, and the diameter of core 27 is approximately the single mode transport of 1.5 microns light less than about 3 microns to guarantee wavelength.
In some example, core 27 is by As
40-40ySe
60-60yS
100y, Ge
28Se
60Sb
12, Ge
25Se
65-67, Te
8-10Or As
50Se
35Cu
15Make, and covering 28 is by As
40-40xSe
60-60xS
100xMake.
Required Raman gain G is depended in the selection that is used for the chalcogenide glass of core 27.Gain depends on the Ke Er coefficient of core glass.As
40Se
60Glass has bigger Ke Er coefficient, can improve Amplifier Gain.For long amplifier optical fiber, gain also depends on the bimolecular that can cause the pump light loss and absorbs.If selected core glass has the band gap also bigger than the twice of required pump photon energy, so just produce lower two-photon absorption, increase whole gain.The U.S. Patent application No.09/399 of application on September 20th, 1999,625, the invention people is people such as H.Y.Hwang, has described a kind of method of selecting core 27 glass ingredients, at this this patented claim is drawn and does reference.
The molar percentage of sulphur in covering 28 (S), i.e. the selection of 100x is depended on discussed above to V
NumberRestrictive condition with the bonding modulo operation of Δ.When 100x when 0% changes to 100%, As
40-40xSe
60-60xS
100xRefractive index approximate from 2.7 linear change to 2.4, make it possible to select molar percentage in the covering 28 " 100x " to satisfy restrictive condition to the single mode operation.
Fig. 4 represents to use variable wavelength, chalcogenide glass, such as the optical communication network 30 of the Raman amplifier 32 of amplifier among Fig. 1 and 2 10,10 '.Amplifier 32 is arranged between the continuous two sections 34-36 of optical delivery fiber usually, and for example fiber segment can be made by the multimode quartz glass optical fiber.Section 34-36 has formed the transmission channel that optical transmitter 38 and optical receiver 40 light are linked together.The length of transmission fiber spans 34-36 is enough short, can guarantee before next amplification stage, and the accumulation decay is less than about 20dB.For example, for the wavelength between about 1.3 to 1.6 μ, the decay that modern quartz transport optical fiber produces about 0.2dB/km.For this type optical fiber, the length of single hop 34-36 is not more than about 80km.
The process flow diagram of the method 50 that Fig. 5 amplifies light for the Raman amplifier 10,10 ' that uses among Fig. 1 or 2.Before receiving incident light, this method 50 comprises the tunable pump laser 12 of tuning wavelength, and to produce pump light, the incident light that the pumping light wavelength can respond selected wavelength carries out Raman's amplification (step 51) in chalcogenide glass waveguide 14.Can finish this tuning by the programmable calculator 24 of operator or control tunable wave length pump laser 12.If computing machine 24 control pump lasers 14, then for an external request of amplifying the input light with selected wavelength, computing machine 24 is inquired about suitable pump light wavelength in the data base querying table.
The selection of pumping wavelength depends on the phonon frequency spectrum of chalcogenide glass and selected wavelength to be amplified.In Raman amplifier, the Raman who excites by input optical signal acts on generation output light.Owing to the background intensity of pump light has caused stimulating action.In Stimulated Raman on, pump photon has produced stimulated emission photon and stimulated emission phonon.Thereby the zero energy of pump photon and momentum are assigned between stimulated emission photon and the stimulated emission phonon.This distribution of zero energy and momentum shows that the pump light that the stimulated emission light ratio produces stimulated light emission has longer wavelength.Because stimulated light emission has identical wavelength with incident light, the energy of pump photon must equal to import the energy sum of photon and stimulated emission phonon.Thereby the pump light wavelength has one by skew that phonon produced with respect to input optical wavelength.
Similar with other characteristic relevant with phonon, the size of wavelength shift depends on the physical characteristics of amplifier glass between pumping and input light.By selecting the pump light wavelength to make it equal input optical wavelength, can reduce with the phonon relevant wavelength shift relevant with employed specific chalcogenide glass in the amplifier waveguide 14.The wavelength shift relevant with phonon is known technology, and uses method known in those skilled in the art to measure it simply.
Because the Raman scattering cross section has certain width, the selection of pump light wavelength has level of freedom.Scattering cross-section acts on Raman may be as the function of difference between pumping and the input light wave number.
Fig. 6 has provided As
40S
60The Raman scattering xsect of glass is the chart of function with wave-number migration Δ k.This wave-number migration is satisfied: Δ k=k
Pump-k
Input, k wherein
PumpAnd k
InputBe respectively the wave number of pump light and input light.Raman scattering cross section and Δ k are approximately linear dependence, at the Δ k=348cm of peak value place
-1By selecting to make the wave number k of pump light
PumpEqual to import the wave number k of light
InputAdd 348cm-1, provide higher Raman scattering, at As
40S
60Producing strong Raman in the ratio waveguide amplifies.
But other Raman scattering cross section is bigger, for example is that half pump light wavelength of maximum cross section also is the possible selection of pump light wavelength at least.Thereby Raman's xsect has defined an alternative pump light wavelength X
PUMPWindow " w ".Fig. 7 has provided for selected incident wavelength λ
INPUT, the pump light wavelength X
PUMPWindow " w ".Give the chalcogenide glass wavelength shift relevant that is used for specific amplifier waveguide with phonon.In this example, window " w " is less than the light transmission frequency range of input light, and for example transmitting bandwidth may be whole one group of DWDM network channel.Can adjust tunable wave length pump laser 12, produce a new pump wavelength '
PUMP, in home window " w " the new wavelength X that has to receiving subsequently in addition '
INPUTInput signal amplify.
For selected specific pump light wavelength, composition that can the selective amplifier medium, i.e. waveguide among Fig. 1 and 2 14 produces in than broadband and amplifies.A kind of method of amplifying wave band of expanding requires the amplifier waveguide to be made by two or more different binary chalcogenide potpourris of Raman-shifted due to the phonon.For example, the amplifier waveguide can be As
40S
60Glass and As
40Se
60The potpourri of glass, its Raman's wavelength shift are respectively 85 and 55 nanometers (nm).For this tertiary mixture, total Raman scattering cross section is a binary glass scattering cross-section sum separately in the potpourri.This can cause no longer being between total scattering cross-section and the skew as shown in Figure 6 linear relationship.Potpourri can have a plurality of peak values, and making Raman cross be at least half input signal wavelength of one of them peak value can be amplified by identical pumping optical wavelength.
Refer again to Fig. 5, this method 50 comprises that the pump light that Wavelength tunable laser 12 is sent sends chalcogenide glass amplifier waveguide 14 (steps 52) to after selecting the pump light wavelength.This chalcogenide glass amplifier waveguide 14 receives the input light with selected input optical wavelength, for example a series of digital light pulse (step 53) from input waveguide 18.Input light and the pump light that is transmitted simultaneously produce the Stimulated Raman emission in amplifier waveguide 14, cause the amplification to input light.This method 50 comprises light from chalcogenide glass amplifier waveguide 14 or send to output from an end of amplifier waveguide 14 simply, for example output waveguide 20 (step 54).The light that method 50 can also make amplifier waveguide 14 be sent passes through a wave filter, removes pump light selectively before light is sent to output waveguide 20.
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view that is used to draw the equipment 70 of chalcogenide glass amplifier optical fiber 26 shown in Figure 3.Equipment 70 comprises inside and outside cylinder 72,74, is used for loading respectively the chalcogenide glass prefabricated rods of separating 76,78 that is used to make fiber cores 24 and covering 26.Inside and outside cylinder 72,74th, concentric drums, internal diameter are respectively about 5-20mm and 10- 100mm.Cylinder 72,74 is by quartz, and platinum or platinum alloy are made.Glass preform 76 has the composition of fiber cores 27, and is bar-shaped, and prefabricated rods 76 be may slide in the inner cylinder 72.Glass preform 78 has the composition of fibre cladding 28, and is tubular, makes prefabricated rods 78 may slide between inside and outside cylinder 72 and 74 in the tubular space.
Each cylinder 72,74 all is tapered in the lower end, forms tubular drawing mouthfuls 80,82.At this, the direction of top and bottom is that the direction " z " about gravity is made.The internal diameter of the drawing mouth 80,82 of inner cylinder 72 is respectively about 0.1-20mm and 0.2-30mm.The lower end of inner port 80 is arranged on and draws mouthfuls 82 lower end about 0.5-5mm that makes progress from the outside.
By the conical stent part 84,86 of coupling, make also vertically opposite alignment with one heart between the inside and outside cylinder 72,74.Holder part 84,86 has also sealed the upper area between inner and the outer cylinder 72,74, makes it and the outside air isolation, i.e. sealing makes outside atmosphere can not enter the upper area of prefabricated rods 78.
Import at fibre-optical drawing with gas and with gas from the process that remove in these zones, adjustable mouthful of 88-91 can control the atmospheric pressure on the glass preform 76,78.Similarly, a removable plug 92 can be set close and remain silent 80,82, and the space below the seal glass prefabricated rods 76,78, thereby escape of gas in fusion process, stoped.
United States Patent (USP) 5,900 has been described a kind of structure of drawing device 70 in 036, and this patent is drawn at this and done reference.United States Patent (USP) 5,879 has been described the miscellaneous equipment and the method that draw chalcogenide optical fiber in 426 and 6,021,649, and these patents are drawn at this and done reference.
Fig. 9 makes the process flow diagram of the method 100 of chalcogenide glass optical fiber for the drawing device among use Fig. 8 70.This method 100 comprises and will be used to make the glass preform that separates 76 of fiber cores 27 and covering 28,78 are separately positioned in the cylinder 72,74, and settle holder part 84,86 get up and isolate (step 102) with ambient atmos with the regional seal with cylinder 72,74 tops.This method 100 comprises outer cylinder 74 is arranged in the metallic object 94 of well heater 96 then, and uses removable stopper 92 sealings to draw mouthful 80,82 (steps 104).Then utilize port 88-91 that the atmosphere in glass preform 76,78 upper areas is replaced into inert gas (step 105) such as nitrogen or helium.Regulate well heater 96, can cause the temperature (step 106) of the chalcogenide glass fusing of prefabricated rods 76,78 with slow heating prefabricated rods 76,78 to.This method 100 comprises that also the melt with prefabricated rods 76,78 remains on the sufficiently long time of the preceding paragraph of melting temperature, for example 0.25-6 hour, and from this melt, to remove bubble (step 108).This method 100 is included in 2-10 minute this melt is cooled to draw temperature (step 110) then.Drawing under the temperature, the viscosity of chalcogenide materials is 10
3To 10
7Pool.
Subsequent, port 88-91 is operated and the air pressure of inner cylinder 72 SMIS melts is adjusted to selected drawing pressure (step 112) with the air pressure that is positioned at covering melt between the inside and outside cylinder 72,74.The relative barometric pressure of two chalcogenide glass melts has determined to draw the core 27 that produced and the relative diameter of covering 28.By remaining in core glass melt in the inner cylinder 72 with respect to the quite low gaseous tension that is positioned at the cladding glass melt between the cylinder 72,74, can make optical fiber with quite thin fibre core.After regulating drawing pressure, stopper 92 is removed, and from mouth 80,82 drawing optical fibers (step 114).Air pressure is maintained at than high about 0.01 to 30 pound per square inch of external pressure, to produce the draw rate of 1 to 10 meter optical fiber of about per minute.
345 ℃ drawing temperature, core and cladding glasses separately the drawing pressure on the melt be respectively under the pressure and 0.5 pound per square inch of 25.4mm water generates, produce one and have the As that diameter is 14 μ m
40S
58Se
2Core 27 and external diameter are the As of 130 μ m
2S
3The chalcogenide optical fiber of covering 28.In order to make the optical fiber with these sizes, mouthfuls 82 internal diameter is approximately 5mm, and mouthfuls 80 internal diameter is approximately 1mm and the lower end position 0.5mm place more than mouth 82 lower ends greatly.These draw conditions have produced the draw rate of 3 meters optical fiber of about per minute.
According to the application's instructions, accompanying drawing and claim, other embodiments of the invention are apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. optical amplifier comprises:
One has the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide of light input end and output terminal;
One pump light waveguide; And
One tunable wave length pump laser is coupled to this pump laser on this chalcogenide glass optical waveguide by the pump light waveguide,
Wherein, described pump laser is suitable for making the light Raman described chalcogenide glass optical waveguide who receives from described input end to amplify.
2. optical amplifier according to claim 1, wherein this chalcogenide glass optical waveguide is a kind of optical fiber.
3. optical amplifier according to claim 2, wherein the Ke Er coefficient of this optical fiber is at least about 50 times of Ke Er coefficient of non-doped silica glass.
4. optical amplifier according to claim 1, wherein said chalcogenide glass optical waveguide need not be rare earth doped.
5. optical communication system comprises:
A plurality of quartz glass optical fibers;
At least one is coupling in two Raman amplifiers between the quartz glass optical fiber, and this Raman amplifier comprises:
One connects the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide of described two quartz glass optical fibers;
One pump light waveguide; And
One tunable wave length pump laser is coupled to this pump laser on the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide of this Raman amplifier by the pump light waveguide,
Wherein, described pump laser is fit to produce pump light, and this pump light is suitable for making in described chalcogenide glass optical waveguide the light Raman of selected wavelength to amplify.
6. optical communication system according to claim 5, also comprise optical transmitter and optical receiver one of them, optical transmitter and optical receiver described one of them be connected on the described Raman amplifier through a quartz glass optical fiber.
7. method of amplifying light comprises:
The operation pump laser is to produce pump light, and this pump light is suitable for responding the light of selecting wavelength and produces Raman's amplification in the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide;
Pump light is sent to the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide;
The input light-receiving that will have selected wavelength is in the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide; And
The light that the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide is amplified sends to an output terminal.
8. method according to claim 7 wherein sends this pump light to the chalcogenide glass optical waveguide in the reception input light time.
9. method according to claim 7, wherein every km waveguide, every 100mW pumping light power are at least about 40dB to the amplification of input light.
10. method according to claim 7, wherein said chalcogenide glass optical waveguide need not be rare earth doped.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22866500P | 2000-08-29 | 2000-08-29 | |
| US60/228,665 | 2000-08-29 | ||
| US09/689,213 US6504645B1 (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2000-10-12 | Chalcogenide glass based Raman optical amplifier |
| US09/689,213 | 2000-10-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1360222A CN1360222A (en) | 2002-07-24 |
| CN1196021C true CN1196021C (en) | 2005-04-06 |
Family
ID=26922550
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01125851.9A Expired - Fee Related CN1196021C (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2001-08-29 | Chalcogenide glass based Raman optical amplifier |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6504645B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1184943B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002131792A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1196021C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60123352T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6611368B1 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2003-08-26 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Time-division multiplexed pump wavelengths resulting in ultra broad band, flat, backward pumped Raman gain |
| JP2004535595A (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2004-11-25 | オムニガイド コミュニケーションズ インコーポレイテッド | High refractive index contrast optical waveguides and applications |
| US6928227B2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2005-08-09 | L. Brandon Shaw | Amplification with chalcogenide glass fiber |
| US6768577B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2004-07-27 | Fitel Usa Corp. | Tunable multimode laser diode module, tunable multimode wavelength division multiplex raman pump, and amplifier, and a system, method, and computer program product for controlling tunable multimode laser diodes, raman pumps, and raman amplifiers |
| AU2003295929A1 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-18 | Omniguide, Inc. | Dielectric waveguide and method of making the same |
| JP4451696B2 (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2010-04-14 | 富士通株式会社 | Device for canceling wavelength dependence of nonlinear coefficient of microstructured fiber |
| US8106586B1 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2012-01-31 | Imaging Systems Technology, Inc. | Plasma discharge display with fluorescent conversion material |
| JP2007226072A (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-09-06 | National Institute Of Information & Communication Technology | Optical device |
| US8952612B1 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2015-02-10 | Imaging Systems Technology, Inc. | Microdischarge display with fluorescent conversion material |
| CN102856783B (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-04-02 | 北京工业大学 | Intermediate/far infrared super-continuum spectrum fiber laser |
| CN110997294B (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2023-06-13 | 泰立戴恩菲力尔商业系统公司 | Lens system and method of manufacture |
| EP3724621A4 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-12-01 | SCHOTT Corporation | ATHERMAL GLASSES AND ATHERMAL SYSTEMS FOR INFRAROTOPTICS |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0189196A3 (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1987-10-14 | Polaroid Corporation | Raman amplified filter tap system |
| US5148510A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-09-15 | Corning Incorporated | Optical fiber made of galliobismuthate glasses and optical devices using same |
| JP2937285B2 (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1999-08-23 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical amplifier |
| JPH06214267A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-08-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Nonlinear optical device |
| US5392376A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-02-21 | Corning Incorporated | Gallium sulfide glasses |
| US5568497A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-10-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Chalcogenide optical pumping system having broad emission band |
| JP3228462B2 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2001-11-12 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Optical waveguide and 1.5 μm band optical amplifier using the same |
| JP3299684B2 (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2002-07-08 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical amplifier and optical amplification method |
| US6101024A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2000-08-08 | Xtera Communications, Inc. | Nonlinear fiber amplifiers used for a 1430-1530nm low-loss window in optical fibers |
| JP3794532B2 (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2006-07-05 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Raman amplification method |
| US6201916B1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2001-03-13 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Article comprising means for optical pulse reshaping |
| KR100340047B1 (en) * | 1999-10-11 | 2002-06-12 | 오길록 | Multi-component oxyhalide glass for optical amplifier and laser |
| JP3545977B2 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2004-07-21 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical amplifier |
-
2000
- 2000-10-12 US US09/689,213 patent/US6504645B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-12 DE DE60123352T patent/DE60123352T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-12 EP EP01302211A patent/EP1184943B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-29 JP JP2001258868A patent/JP2002131792A/en active Pending
- 2001-08-29 CN CN01125851.9A patent/CN1196021C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1184943B1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| JP2002131792A (en) | 2002-05-09 |
| DE60123352T2 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
| US6504645B1 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
| CN1360222A (en) | 2002-07-24 |
| EP1184943A1 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
| DE60123352D1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
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